Growth performance of piglets during the first two weeks of lactation affects the development of the intestinal microbiota          下载免费PDF全文

B. Morissette  G. Talbot  C. Beaulieu  M. Lessard 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):525-532

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of newborn piglet weight gain during the first 2 weeks of lactation on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the ileum and colon. The microbiota from high‐weight‐gain (HWG) and low‐weight‐gain (LWG) 2‐week‐old piglets was characterized by amplicon length heterogeneity PCR (LH‐PCR) and compared using diversity indices and multivariate statistical analyses. At birth, LWG piglets weighted in average 0.26 kg less than HWG piglets (p = .002). The weight difference between LWG and HWG piglets increased with time and reached 2.1 kg after 16 days of lactation (p < .0001). Based on these growth performance differences, estimated colostrum and milk intake was greater in HWG than in LWG piglets (p < .0001). Analysis of the LH‐PCR data of the microbiota using non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and blocked multiresponse permutation procedure (MRBP) revealed that the microbiota of the HWG and LWG piglets tended to differ in ileal mucosa (p = .097) and differed in colonic lumen (p = .024). The microbiota of HWG piglets had higher levels of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Ruminoccocaceae, and lower proportions of Actinobacillus porcinus and Lactobacillus amylovorus when compared with those of LWG piglets. As the weight gain of nursing piglets is highly correlated with the amount of ingested colostrum and milk, the results strongly suggest that colostrum and milk intake in the first 2 weeks of life influenced the development of the gut microbiota.  相似文献   

牛初乳粉预防大鼠高血糖的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁红  张月明  陆东林  张丹凤  牛霞  王颢  吐尔逊江 《新疆畜牧业》2004,(2):11-14

目的:探讨牛初乳粉对大鼠糖尿病的预防作用。 方法:给大鼠灌胃3个不同剂量的牛初乳粉(BCP)溶液15d后腹腔注射链脲霉素(STZ)55mg/kg。注射后第7、14天测定各项指标(平均饮水量在注射后第6、13天测量)。血糖用Roche公司血糖仪测定,血脂用Beckman公司全自动生化分析仪测定,肝肾组织SOD、GSH-Px、NOS及MDA均用南京建成生物工程研究所相应试剂盒测定。结果:注射STZ后第7、14天中剂量BCP组的血糖均显著低于STZ组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。第13天中剂量组的平均饮水量的数值小于STZ组。第14天BCP各组的体重、胸腺指数与STZ组相比差异均无显著性,5个组之间的血脂、肝MDA、肝肾SOD、GSH-Px、NOS差异均无显著性。 结论:预防性给予BCP可预防STZ所致的高血糖,并使STZ大鼠平均饮水量减少(中剂量);但不能使STZ大鼠降低了的体重及胸腺指数恢复。  相似文献   

Changes of vitamin E status of periparturient dairy cows and newborn calves     

Hajime KUMAGAI  Yot CHAIPAN 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(6):541-547

Eleven primiparous Holstein Friesian and their crossbred calves (F1, Japanese Black cattle × Holstein Friesian) and 10 multiparous Holstein Friesian and their Holstein Friesian calves were used to evaluate vitamin E status in periparturient period. Plasma α‐tocopherol (α‐toc) concentrations of the multiparous cows were significantly higher than those of the primiparous cows from 60 days before expected calving to 90 days of lactation (P < 0.05). The multiparous cows had a further decrease in the concentrations of α‐toc and total lipid in plasma to the calving than the primiparous cows. Colostrum α‐toc concentrations in multiparous cows were significantly higher than those of the primiparous cows (P < 0.05). Plasma α‐toc concentrations of calves borne by the multiparous cows were significantly higher than those of the primiparous cows at 5 days of age (P < 0.05). Plasma α‐toc concentrations of calves were highest at 5 and 15 days of age in the calves borne by the multiparous and primiparous cows, respectively, and decreased thereafter till 90 days of age. The higher vitamin E status of multiparous cows over primiparous cows might have reflected nutritional composition in the rations. Their calves afforded higher plasma α‐toc levels after birth because of more α‐toc transfer via placenta and more α‐toc secretion in the colostrums thereafter. Plasma α‐toc concentrations of the calves might have decreased as the calves became dependent upon the solid feed of low vitamin E content.  相似文献   

Effects of dexamethasone on mRNA abundance of nuclear receptors and hepatic nuclear receptor target genes in neonatal calves     

Greger DL  Blum JW 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(1-2):62-67

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The development of equine immunity: Current knowledge on immunology in the young horse          下载免费PDF全文

G. A. Perkins  B. Wagner 《Equine veterinary journal》2015,47(3):267-274

The development of equine immunity from the fetus to adulthood is complex. The foal's immune response and the immune mechanisms that they are equipped with, along with changes over the first months of life until the immune system becomes adult‐like, are only partially understood. While several innate immune responses seem to be fully functional from birth, the onset of adaptive immune response is delayed. For some adaptive immune parameters, such as immunoglobin (Ig)G1, IgG3, IgG5 and IgA antibodies, the immune response starts before or at birth and matures within 3 months of life. Other antibody responses, such as IgG4, IgG7 and IgE production, slowly develop within the first year of life until they reach adult levels. Similar differences have been observed for adaptive T cell responses. Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production by T helper 1 (Th1)‐cells and cytotoxic T cells starts shortly after birth with low level production that gradually increases during the first year of life. In contrast, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) produced by Th2‐cells is almost undetectable in the first 3 months of life. These findings offer some explanation for the increased susceptibility of foals to certain pathogens such as Rhodococcus equi. The delay in Th‐cell development and in particular Th2 immunity during the first months of life also provides an explanation for the reduced responsiveness of young horses to most traditional vaccines. In summary, all immune components of adult horses seem to exist in foals but the orchestrating and regulation of the immune response in immature horses is strikingly different. Young foals are fully competent and can perform certain immune responses but many mechanisms have yet to mature. Additional work is needed to improve our understanding of immunity and immune regulation in young horses, to identify the preferred immune pathways that they are using and ultimately provide new preventive strategies to protect against infectious disease.  相似文献   

水牛初乳和常乳主要组分的动态变化     

李卫真  杨忠  张永云  苗永旺  王绍卿  汤守锟  田建云  李洁玉 《中国畜牧兽医》2011,38(8):209-212

试验旨在研究水牛初乳和常乳主要组分的动态变化规律。采用乳品分析仪对摩本杂水牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)初乳和常乳中乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)等含量进行测定,用SDS-PAGE对乳蛋白各组分进行分离,并利用凝胶成像系统进行扫描定量。结果表明,初乳中乳糖含量随泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)含量呈下降趋势;初乳中乳脂含量变化不规则,出现小幅波动;蛋白质各组分中乳铁蛋白(LF)、血清白蛋白(SA)、免疫球蛋白(Igs)含量第1天最高,以后开始下降;酪蛋白(CN)在乳蛋白百分比含量中占优势,随着泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)第1天含量低,第5 和7天达到最高值;α-乳白蛋白(α-LA)第1天最低,第2天急剧上升,以后变化平稳。常乳中大部分组分含量比较稳定,有时有波动,但各天数之间差异不显著。研究结果显示,水牛乳中大部分组分的含量在初乳中变化较大,初乳的营养价值高于常乳。  相似文献   

饲粮中添加膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对母猪初乳成分及母猪、仔猪血清脂质代谢指标和脂肪酸含量的影响     

苏莹莹  潘培颖  刘旭乐  赵淑敏  王成章  焦喜兰  李振田  孙骁 《动物营养学报》2022,34(1):190-204

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对母猪初乳成分及母猪、仔猪血清脂质代谢指标和脂肪酸含量的影响.试验选用80头胎次、体况和预产期接近的长×大妊娠母猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头,单栏饲喂.对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂添加不同比例(0、5％、10％和15％)膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽的试...  相似文献   

乳铁蛋白的分离工艺研究     

吕立获  周晓云  姚婷婷  芦国营  吴绵斌 《饲料工业》2005,26(17):11-14

乳铁蛋白是哺乳动物乳中的生物活性物质,研究讨论了从牛初乳中分离乳铁蛋白的工艺。牛初乳经过离心脱脂得到脱脂乳,加入带羧甲基的弱酸性阳离子交换剂CM-SepharoseFastFlow在4℃下进行动态吸附,用去离子水将没有吸附上的杂蛋白冲洗掉,然后使用1.6%和5%的NaCl溶液进行阶跃洗脱;经过两步阶跃洗脱得到的乳铁蛋白纯度可达95%以上。  相似文献   

牛初乳热稳定性影响因素的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈永胜  李长彪  付兰天  刘长江  岳喜庆  田晓艳 《沈阳农业大学学报》2003,34(4):280-283

以不同泌乳期的牛初乳为原料，测定不同泌乳期，不同pH值以及添加磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐、蔗糖、钙离子、EDTA、卡拉胶等食品中允许添加物质的热凝固时间(HCT)对初乳热稳定性的影响。结果表明：初乳的热稳定性随泌乳期和pH值的增大而增大；磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐、蔗糖均对初乳的热稳定性有改善作用；而钙离子、卡拉胶、高浓度的EDTA则使初乳的热稳定性下降。  相似文献   

两种马初乳组分动态变化的比较研究     

玉山江  谭小海  团勇  马江飞  姚新奎  韩其士  张家尧  叶再华  苟荣  李红 《新疆农业科学》2008,45(3):470-475

比较和分析了10匹伊犁马和12匹新吉尔吉斯马与伊犁马的杂交一代初乳中的脂肪、非脂固形物、蛋白、密度、冰点、灰分、电导率等值.结果显示:在产后4 h里,伊犁马初乳中蛋白质极显著高于杂交马(P＜0.01),在产后前3 d,伊犁马初乳中的蛋白质、密度和粗灰分均显著高于杂交马(P＜0.05) .在产后前6 h,伊犁马初乳中非脂固形物极显著高于杂交马(P＜0.01) .  相似文献