南海灯光罩网沉降性能研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

晏磊  张鹏  杨吝  杨炳忠  谭永光  陈森 《上海海洋大学学报》2014,23(1):146-153

根据2013年3月至4月南海灯光罩网渔船测定的沉降深度数据及搜集的渔船操作数据和海洋环境数据,对南海灯光罩网沉降深度和沉降速度与时间的关系进行了研究,并构建多元线性回归模型分析了灯光罩网最大沉降深度与放网时间、海流速度等因子的影响关系。结果显示:(1)网口纲一边沉降过程中沉降深度呈现两端深中间浅的趋势,网口纲两端最大沉降深度基本一致;(2)网口纲一边沉降速度呈现两端快中间慢的趋势,网口纲两端沉降速度都在10 m水深达到最大,而网口纲中部在5 m水深达到最大;(3)网具沉降深度与时间的关系式为H=-0.0008t2+0.4766t+1.2063(R2=0.9985),网具沉降速度与时间的关系式为:V=-1E-07t2-0.0018t+0.5269(R2=0.8813);(4)多元线性回归分析显示放网时间、风流向夹角、绞纲时间对网具最大沉降深度影响极为显著(P0.001),而海流速度、风力对网具最大沉降深度影响不太显著(P0.1);且各影响因子之间不存在多重共线性(κ=2.396100)。可为改善南海灯光罩网沉降性能提供参考,并为海上生产提供指导。  相似文献   

Newly designed quantitative frame trawl for sampling larval and juvenile pelagic fish   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Yoshioki  OOZEKI  Fuxiang  HU  Hiroshi  KUBOTA  Hiroya  SUGISAKI  Ryo  KIMURA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(2):223-232

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You cannot conserve a species that has not been found: The case of the marine sponge Axinella polypoides in Liguria,Italy     

Annalisa Azzola  Giorgio Bavestrello  Marco Bertolino  Carlo Nike Bianchi  Marzia Bo  Francesco Enrichetti  Carla Morri  Alice Oprandi  Margherita Toma  Monica Montefalcone 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(4):737-747

1. Detailed knowledge about the distribution of species in need of protection is required for the management of Marine Protected Areas, a major tool to reduce marine biodiversity loss. Such knowledge is deficient for most marine invertebrates.
2. Axinella polypoides is a marine sponge included on the list of protected species by the Barcelona Convention (1976) and the Bern Convention (1987). This large and erect species has an important ecological role in habitat forming and benthic–pelagic coupling.
3. Bathymetrical, geographical and ecological data over the last 60 years were collated from publications and reports, together with new surveys to assess the distribution and protection status in Liguria of A. polypoides. It identified a more widespread distribution than previously thought, which points at a general need for dedicated investigations on the occurrence of species that require protection.
4. Bathymetrical distribution was trimodal, with peaks corresponding to different geomorphological settings: coastal cliff bases (around 38 m depth), inner shelf shoals (52 m) and rocks amidst coarse sediment on the outer shelf (79 m). Density was significantly greater at the shallowest depths. The species was mostly found in the coralligenous biocoenosis, in association with other characteristic species or forming a monospecific facies.
5. On (sub)vertical cliffs, A. polypoides often exhibited an unusual cane shape, rather than the typical bushy morphology, thus causing confusion with the congeneric A. cannabina, a more southern species. Records of the latter in the Ligurian Sea therefore need confirmation.
6. Only a minority (22.6%) of A. polypoides records were in Marine Protected Areas, the remainder being located in areas with no current environmental protection plans in place. While the occurrence of this species in MPAs remained stable over the decades, the only quantitative historical data available indicated that populations in non-protected areas were declining owing to anthropogenic impacts (fishing and anchoring).

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Vertical movements of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) associated with islands, buoys, and seamounts near the main Hawaiian Islands from archival tagging data   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Michael K. Musyl  Richard W. Brill  Christofer H. Boggs  Daniel S. Curran  Thomas K. Kazama  Michael P. Seki 《Fisheries Oceanography》2003,12(3):152-169

To learn more about the movement patterns of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), we deployed archival tags on 87 fish ranging in fork length from 50 to 154 cm. Thirteen fish were recaptured, from which 11 archival tags were returned, representing in aggregate 943 days‐at‐liberty. We successfully retrieved data from 10 tags, representing 474 days in aggregate. The largest fish recaptured was 44.5 kg [131 cm fork length (FL)] and the smallest 2.8 kg (52 cm). The deepest descent recorded was 817 m, the coldest temperature visited 4.7°C, and minimum oxygen level reached ～1 mL L^?1. Fish spent little time at depths where water temperatures were below 7°C and oxygen levels less than ～2 mL L^?1. Five fish were recaptured near the offshore weather buoy where they were tagged. Based on vertical movement patterns, it appeared that all stayed immediately associated with the buoy for up to 34 days. During this time they remained primarily in the uniform temperature surface layer (i.e. above 100 m). In contrast, fish not associated with a floating object showed the W‐shaped vertical movement patterns during the day characteristic of bigeye tuna (i.e. descending to ～300–500 m and then returning regularly to the surface layer). Four fish were tagged and subsequently recaptured near Cross Seamount up to 76 days later. These fish exhibited vertical movement patterns similar to, but less regular than, those of fish not associated with any structure. Bigeye tuna appear to follow the diel vertical movements of the deep sound scattering layer (SSL) organisms and thus to exploit them effectively as a prey resource. Average night‐time depth was correlated with lunar illumination, a behaviour which mimics movements of the SSL.  相似文献   

种肥深度对东北北部春玉米氮磷钾吸收及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李振  宋秋来  闫超  赵艳忠  龚振平 《玉米科学》2014,22(4):132-136

以东农253玉米品种为材料,采用分层施肥方法,研究种肥深度变化对东北北部春玉米氮磷钾吸收及产量的影响。结果表明,种肥深度对玉米植株氮磷钾积累量影响较大,在苗期氮磷钾积累量以种肥同层（D₀）和种下6 cm（D_-6）处理较高;成熟期以种肥同层（D₀）、种下6 cm（D_-6）、种下12 cm（D_-12）处理较高。玉米植株干物质量及产量与种肥深度呈单峰曲线变化趋势,玉米植株苗期和成熟期干物质量以种下6 cm（D_-6）和种下12 cm（D_-12）处理较高;玉米产量以种下12 cm（D_-12）处理最高,但与种肥同层（D₀）、种下6 cm（D_-6）处理差异不显著,显著高于种下18 cm（D_-18）、种下24 cm（D_-24）和不施肥（对照）。种子与肥料同层条件下会影响玉米的出苗和干物质积累量,种肥施于种下3 cm以上时,对玉米出苗及干物质积累量无明显影响,种肥的适宜深度为种下3~12 cm。  相似文献   

地下水埋深对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘战东  ;刘祖贵  ;俞建河  ;南纪琴  ;秦安振  ;肖俊夫 《排灌机械》2014,(7):617-624

为研究地下水埋深对作物的生长发育及水分利用的影响,选择具有代表性的夏玉米为研究对象,借助地中渗透仪,通过人工控制设置不同地下水埋深（分别设置0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0和1.2 m）,探讨地下水埋深对不同生育期夏玉米的形态指标、产量、耗水量及地下水补给量的影响,分析不同地下水埋深条件下水分利用率差异.结果表明：地下水埋深对玉米株高的影响不具有统计学意义,而地下水埋深过浅或过深均会明显抑制植株叶面积指数和茎粗的增长（P〈0.05）,地下水埋深0.4 m时叶面积指数和茎粗最大.随作物生育进程,根系数量和根系干质量随地下水埋深增大,先减小后增大.玉米灌浆前,单株根系伤流量随地下水埋深增大而增大,而灌浆前后则无显著影响.地下水位埋深过深或过浅均影响穗长、秃尖长、穗粒数、百粒质量及经济产量.分析表明,0.53 m为当地玉米产量最优地下水位埋深.玉米生长期内0~80 cm土层土壤含水量随着地下水埋深增大而降低,同一地下水埋深处理玉米生育期内土壤含水量变化幅度较小.夏玉米全生育期耗水量、阶段耗水量及耗水强度随地下水位埋深增大而直线减少,回归方程在P〈0.01水平下具有统计学意义;同样夏玉米全生育期地下水补给量、阶段地下水补给量及地下水补给强度随地下水位埋深增大而直线减少,回归方程在P〈0.01水平下也具有统计学意义.玉米水分利用率随地下水埋深增大而增大,地下水埋深1.2 m处理水分利用率最高.研究成果对江淮丘陵区地下水资源利用及评价、玉米高产高效灌溉制度的制订具有实际意义.  相似文献   

痕量灌溉管不同埋深对日光温室沙培黄瓜的影响     

沈富  哈婷  李建设  高艳明 《广东农业科学》2014,41(23):26-30

以微喷灌溉(CK)为对照,研究痕量灌溉管在沙培中不同埋深对日光温室春季黄瓜生长、产量和水分生产效率等的影响.结果表明,T3处理(25cm)的黄瓜生长与CK(微喷)相比受到显著抑制,T1 (5cm)、T2(15cm)处理黄瓜生物积累量、叶片净光合速率、果实品质与CK相比均有所提高,不同处理间叶片电导率、MDA、根系活力差异不显著,T1、T2、T3处理沙子含水量均低于CK;T1处理的产量比T2处理提高了1.9％;与CK相比的T1、T2处理水分生产效率分别提高50.9％、60.0％.分析表明,日光温室沙培黄瓜栽培中痕量灌溉管埋设深度为5 cm最佳.  相似文献   

马蹄形隧洞断面收缩水深的迭代法计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘计良  王正中  赵延风 《农业工程学报》2010,26(14):167-171

为了得到计算马蹄形断面隧洞收缩水深的好方法,该文通过引入恰当的无量纲参数并对马蹄形隧洞收缩断面的能量方程做恰当的数学变换,使各种马蹄形断面收缩水深的计算公式统一化,并推导出计算收缩水深的迭代公式;给出判别收缩水深范围的分界流量,即可计算断面收缩水深。算例表明,该方法简单、准确、通用。  相似文献   

Denitrification characteristics of pond sediments in a Chinese agricultural watershed   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Feiyue LI  Rong YANG  Chaopu TI  Man LANG  Sonoko D. KIMURA  Xiaoyuan YAN 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2010,56(1):66-71

Ponds are widely distributed in rice-based agricultural watersheds, particularly in southern China, and may play an important role in nitrate (     ) removal. However, the denitrification rate of pond sediment, measured using the acetylene (C₂H₂) inhibition technique, indicated that the amount of nitrogen removed by denitrification accounted for <1% of the total nitrogen applied. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of sediment depth and temperature on denitrification of pond sediment using the C₂H₂ inhibition technique. The highest denitrification potential was found in the upper 5 cm of sediment, but this only accounted for approximately 34% of the total denitrification of the upper 0–30 cm of sediment, suggesting that sediment denitrification potential would be underestimated if only the upper 5 cm of sediment was measured. The denitrification potential was low and showed a weak response over a temperature range of 6–18°C, whereas denitrification increased significantly from 18 to 30°C, indicating that denitrification may play an important role in the removal of     in warm seasons. A comparison of the     disappearance and C₂H₂ inhibition methods showed that they were significantly ( P  < 0.01) and positively correlated. However, the C₂H₂ inhibition method gave only approximately 25% of the values determined by the     disappearance method.  相似文献   

土壤耕层深度和施肥深度对桔梗根部主要农艺性状的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李美善  严一字  朴锦  朴雪梅  吴基日 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(8):4146-4147

[目的]探索优质高产的桔梗栽培方法。[方法]在15、20、30、40cm的耕深和不施肥、全层施肥、深层施肥（30～40cm）的3个施肥深度条件下,调查桔梗根的主要农艺性状。[结果]在耕深试验中,30cm耕深条件下的主根长最长、根粗最粗、单根鲜重最重,但侧根数也最多;施肥效果为深层施肥的效果好于全层施肥和不施肥。[结论]试验结果对山区、半山区桔梗栽培体系的建立有一定的参考价值。  相似文献