The effect of non-inversion tillage and light availability on dispersal and spatial growth of Cynodon dactylon     

A C Guglielmini  & E H Satorre 《Weed Research》2004,44(5):366-374

The invasive ability of Cynodon dactylon is dependent on self dispersal and on cultivation practices. Tillage can seriously change patch biomass and spatial structure, spreading vegetative propagules of the weed. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the effect on non‐inversion tillage on dispersal, establishment and colonization of C. dactylon and (ii) to propose a simple model considering soil cultivation effects and light availability on spatial growth of weed patches. Two experiments were carried out, exploring different soils and environmental conditions. Spatial distribution of vegetative units differed when tillage was conducted with different non‐inversion implements and could be described by simple functions. A minimum patch biomass seems necessary before vegetative structures are vulnerable to movement by cultivation. Only a small proportion of the biomass dispersed from original patches was able to establish. However, simulation showed that the area colonized by C. dactylon mostly increased by means of tillage dispersal, both with and without crop competition, in one growing cycle. It appears sensible to consider changing cultivation practices to reduce weed dispersal and to use crop competition for light to create unsuitable habitats limiting weed colonization.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of Lolium rigidum seedlings following seed dispersal by combine harvesters     

J M Blanco-Moreno  L Chamorro  R M Masalles  J Recasens†  & F X Sans 《Weed Research》2004,44(5):375-387

This paper considers the relationships between the dispersal of seeds and the distribution pattern of an annual weed. A comparative study of seed dispersal by combine harvesters, with and without a straw chopper attached, was established using Lolium rigidum, a common weed in Mediterranean cereal crops. Seed dispersal distance was quantified and the relationships between dispersal and fine‐scale seedling distribution evaluated. Primary dispersal of L. rigidum seeds occurs in a very limited space around the parent plants, but the density of seed is low because most seeds do not fall from spikes spontaneously. In contrast, many seeds are spread by combine harvesters. In this study the maximum dispersal exceeded 18 m from established stands in cereal fields, although the modal distance was close to the origin. In addition, the action of the combine harvesters tended to accumulate L. rigidum seeds predominantly under the straw swath, with some lateral movement. This action could explain the fine‐scale banded pattern of L. rigidum in cereal fields. Although the treatment of straw by the standard and straw chopper combines differed, the resultant seed distribution showed few differences.  相似文献   

Awn of darnel (Lolium temulentum L.) as an anthropogenic dispersal organ: A case study in Malo, south-western Ethiopia     

TOHRU TOMINAGA  TAKESHI FUJIMOTO 《Weed Biology and Management》2004,4(4):218-221

Darnel ( Lolium temulentum ), a weed of wheat and barley, is either awned or awnless. The role of the darnel awn in dispersal was investigated in relation to human's agricultural practices in cereal cultivation in a Malo village, Gaytsa, south-western Ethiopia. In 24 free-threshing wheat fields and 11 emmer wheat fields, 129 and 88 spikes (one spike per plant), respectively, of darnel were randomly sampled. At the market in Gaytsa, 11 free-threshing wheat grain samples and eight emmer wheat grain samples of 150–200 g were collected. For each grain sample, the number of wheat grains and awned and awnless grains of darnel were recorded. The relative percentage of the awned form in free-threshing wheat fields was 8.53% and that in emmer wheat fields was 70.45%. The relative percentage of awned grains in free-threshing wheat grains from the market collection was 3.55% and that in emmer wheat grain lots was 75.20%. The morphology of awned darnel grains resembles emmer wheat grains and awnless darnel grains resemble free-threshing wheat grains. Thus, grain mimicry controls the close association of the two forms of darnel with the wheat species. The lack of an awn itself functions for darnel grain as a dispersal mechanism in free-threshing wheat cultivation systems compared with other wild grass species.  相似文献   

小叶锦鸡儿根瘤固氮活性的动态变化     

陶林  高洪文  樊奋成 《中国草地学报》2005,27(3):53-56

对多年生小叶锦鸡儿不同生育期根瘤固氮能力、不同树龄小叶锦鸡儿根瘤固氮能力进行调查,结果表明:开花期固氮酶活性最高,此时土壤含氮量和植株含氮量最高;新瘤多发生于果后营养期,植株生物量的峰值出现在结实期;二年生和五年生植株的根瘤固氮能力强于三年、四年生植株,随生长年限的延长,植株生物量逐渐增大,含氮量呈小幅度下降趋势。  相似文献   

浅谈葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业学生实践能力训练的改革--以青岛农业大学葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业为例     

李静媛  朴美子 《安徽农学通报》2016,22(22):124-125

葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业是一个注重实践动手能力的学科,该文首先提出现在实践能力培养中存在的问题,并针对问题相应地提出了实践能力训练改革的方向和措施。  相似文献   

以大学生科创活动促高职学生就业创业能力的提高--以上海电机学院科学商店为例     

杜浩明  胡震  甘嘉良  孙广浩 《湖南农机》2016,(7):121-122

随着高等教育的不断普及和深入，大学生就业创业能力的加强是高校学生工作中一项极为重要指标，而通过科学商店开展行之有效的社会实践活动是提升其就业创业竞争力的重要途径之一。研究了科学商店活动对于高职学生在社会适应能力、专业能力、思想道德品质、职业精神等方面的影响，总结出科学商店活动提升大学生就业创业能力的优化方案，进一步提升大学生就业、创业的综合竞争力。  相似文献   

草业科学专业本科生科研能力培养途径探索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏军虎  缑晶毅 《草原与草坪》2015,(4)

从草业科学专业本科生科研能力现状出发,结合学校实际,对本科生科研能力培养途径进行了探索,阐释了本科生科研能力培养的必要性,分析了本科生科研训练、本科生导师制、科研助理、自选试验探究学习和毕业论文实习对本科生科研能力培养的效果,并就存在问题提出了解决对策。旨在提升本科生科研能力,为培养草业科学专业高素质人才提供保障。  相似文献   

一株Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌特性     

王恒煦  徐伟慧  杨友财  王志刚  刘泽平  王可昕 《浙江农业学报》2019,31(10):1671

为筛选西瓜枯萎病拮抗菌株并探究其抑菌特性,以齐齐哈尔市青昕蔬菜基地根际土为材料,采用平板对峙法筛选到1株能高效抑制西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum,Fon)的拮抗菌株,通过形态特征、16S rDNA、gyrA和gyrB序列分析鉴定其菌种;通过盆栽试验验证拮抗菌株对西瓜枯萎病的抑制作用;采用生长速率法研究拮抗菌株不同生长时期的无菌发酵滤液及其不同贮存条件下的抑菌能力;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)观察并分析无菌发酵滤液对Fon孢子形态和膜完整性的影响。结果表明,拮抗菌株WD为Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,能有效抑制西瓜枯萎病的发生,抑制率达到57.57%,其无菌发酵滤液在衰亡期有较高的抑菌能力,对Fon菌丝生长抑制率为54.32%;无菌发酵滤液对温度、pH具有较高的耐受性,30 ℃、pH 7时抑菌活性最强,抑菌率可达58.36%;在4 ℃贮存至少45 d,且紫外光照120 min内对其抑菌活性没有影响;Fon孢子暴露在WD无菌发酵滤液下,孢子表面皱缩凹陷,膜完整性被破坏。综上所述,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WD是1株高效的拮抗菌株,为西瓜枯萎病生防菌剂的研发与利用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

基于反思性教学理论下的大学英语青年教师教学能力提升的研究     

梁洁 《吉林农业科技学院学报》2014,(4):112-114

大学英语教学改革对教师的教学能力提出了新的要求,英语教师的教学水平成为影响外语教学效果的重要因素。反思性教学指教师在教学实践过程中的自我反思,被认为是提升教师教学能力的有效途径。本文从对反思能力和反思性教学的文献研究入手,阐述了反思性教学的内涵及特征;分析了提高青年教师教学反思能力的必要性,并根据青年教师教学反思构成要素,提出了大学英语教师教学反思途径。  相似文献   

苦参碱对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖、凋亡及抗氧化能力的影响     

卢金霞  何芳  冯峰 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2018,46(7):1-6

【目的】探究苦参碱对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)增殖、凋亡及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】利用含0(A组),25(B组),50(C组),75(D组)和100μg/mL(E组)苦参碱的培养基培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞。通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测BMECs活性,采用流式细胞仪(AnnexinV/PI双染法)检测苦参碱对BMECs凋亡的影响,并检测苦参碱对BMECs抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,采用real-time PCR对BMECs中Caspase-3、p53、STAT1和SOCS3基因的相对表达量进行检测。【结果】用药5d时,低质量浓度(25和50μg/mL)苦参碱对BMECs增殖具有促进作用,高质量浓度(75和100μg/mL)苦参碱对细胞增殖具有抑制作用;B~E组BMECs的凋亡率均极显著高于A组(P0.01);B~E组BMECs培养上清液中NO和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平明显高于A组。B~E组BMECs的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均比A组高,其中C组极显著高于A组(P0.01);B~E组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均极显著高于A组(P0.01),E组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平极显著高于A组(P0.01),各组MDA含量无显著性差异。与A组相比,苦参碱上调了B~E组BMECs中Caspase-3、p53、STAT1和SOCS3基因的相对表达量。【结论】低质量浓度苦参碱能够促进BMECs增殖,高质量浓度苦参碱则会抑制BMECs增殖;不同质量浓度苦参碱均可提高BMECs的抗氧化能力,其中50μg/mL苦参碱提高BMECs抗氧化能力的效果最明显。  相似文献