60Co-γ射线辐射对油茶植株生长量及果实形态的影响*     

李彪  查钱慧  黄永芳 《广东林业科技》2016,32(1):66-70

采用60Co-γ射线对岑软2号、岑软3号、岑软11号3个普通油茶（Camellia oleifera）无性系种子进行0、1000、2000、3000 rad剂量辐射处理,对连州1号普通油茶优树种子进行0、1000、2000 rad剂量辐射处理,研究辐射对成年油茶植株树高和冠幅、果产量、果实形态等指标的影响。结果表明：4种油茶经60Co-γ辐射处理后,树高、冠幅间无显著差异,且单株均能正常生长;平均单株果产量随年份呈现明显的大小年变化,岑软2号、岑软3号在2014年辐射组平均单株果产量较CK有明显提高,岑软11号的年平均单株果产量在0~3000 rad剂量范围内随辐射剂量的增加而下降;3000 r辐射使岑软11号油茶果实纵横经减小,其他辐射组岑软11号果实纵、横径生长均有不同程度的增长;岑软2号在1000 r辐射下果皮变薄,岑软11号在3000 r辐射下果皮变薄而种皮厚度变化不明显,不同辐射组间岑软3号和连州1号果皮及种皮厚度没有显著变化。  相似文献   

橡胶树上的一种新炭疽菌   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋桂芝  石兆武  刘一贤  胡成云 《热带农业科技》2016,(4):5-8

在云南绿春县橡胶园发现一种新的橡胶树炭疽病,经病原菌鉴定,确认是博宁炭疽Colletotrichum boninense,同时还对博宁炭疽与橡胶树炭疽病常见病原菌胶孢炭疽Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、尖孢炭疽Colletotrichum acutatum进行致病力、菌丝生长温度和分生孢子形态的比较,结果显示3种菌存在明显差别,胶孢炭疽致病力强,适应性强,分布广,是目前云南橡胶树炭疽病病原优势种,其次是尖孢炭疽,而博宁炭疽还少见,仅在红河绿春的戈兰和德宏瑞丽的莫里橡胶树上零星发生。  相似文献   

干热河谷地区澳洲坚果果实发育特性及落果调查     

杨帆  魏舒娅  胡发广  彭忠良  罗心平 《中国农学通报》2016,32(1):97-100

为研究澳洲坚果在云南省干热河谷地区果实生长规律以及落果规律,同时为干热河谷地区澳洲坚果的生产提供理论依据以及科学指导,以3 个澳洲坚果品种‘HASE695’、‘HASE900’、‘Own Choice’为材料,对果实生长特性及落果特点进行调查。结果表明：澳洲坚果果实生长膨大的关键时期为4 月中下旬—5 月中旬,增长了1.38~1.54 cm;在潞江坝干热河谷地区澳洲坚果存在2 个落果高峰期,第1 落果高峰期主要以授粉受精不良以及果实快速生长营养不良导致,第2 高峰期则主要表现为熟前落果,HASE695’、‘HASE900’、‘Own Choice’在这期间的落果分别占落果总数的2.7%、2.11%、4.51%,这期间澳洲坚果果实已经达到恒定大小。研究发现,澳洲坚果的保果措施应该主要针对这一期间进行深入研究,使落果减少,提高产量。  相似文献   

北方果树霜冻害远程监控与报警系统初步研究与实现   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

夏于  孙忠富  苏一峰  杜克明  郑飞翔 《中国农学通报》2016,32(1):81-87

为提高北方果树防霜冻害管理水平,基于物联网架构,设计实现了北方果树霜冻害监测与报警系统。该系统结合实时获取果树生长环境数据,及果树霜冻害发生规律和专家知识库,为用户提供远程果树环境信息分析和霜冻害智能诊断服务。同时为满足不同生产条件需求,结合用户需求和环境状况,提供自动报警。根据用户随时随地获取信息的需求,基于多种网络技术等(如Internet、android等移动互联网),开发了可用于PC终端、移动终端(如智能手机、平板电脑等)多平台管理模式。通过提供现场综合远程实时监控、数据采集、网络传输、数据管理分析及报警预警等功能,系统实现了对果树生长的全方位多功能的远程监控与综合管理,有效提高了果树防霜冻害监控管理水平。  相似文献   

基于Kinect的虚拟果树交互式修剪研究     

王丹  邵小宁  胡少军  何东健 《农机化研究》2016,(10):187-192

为解决果树修剪技术推广难的问题,提出了基于手势交互的虚拟果树修剪方法。在已有三维果树模型的基础上,通过创建帧缓冲区对象,构建虚拟屏幕,实现果树枝条的快速拾取和修剪;建立了虚拟果树修剪控制手势集,利用Kinect获取骨骼信息,采用状态机匹配识别手势类型,将手部关节点坐标转换至鼠标绝对坐标系,建立不同手势与鼠标和键盘事件之间的映射关系,实现手势交互代替鼠标和键盘交互。实验结果表明:该方法手势识别准确率高,交互实时性好,能够满足虚拟果树修剪应用需求,为果树修剪技术的学习提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

不同灌水方法对苹果树果实膨大期根系生长和土壤酶活性的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张学琴  马娟娟  孙西欢  郭向红  张春晋  李波 《节水灌溉》2016,(3)

蓄水坑灌法是针对我国北方地区水资源紧缺和水土流失严重双重问题而提出的一种适用于山丘区果林的中深层立体灌溉。为了果树能够更好地吸收水分和养分,需对其根系和土壤酶活性方面进行研究。本试验在果实膨大期采用根钻法对地面灌溉和蓄水坑灌条件下的苹果树根系形态及活力和土壤酶活性进行对比研究,结果表明:在两种灌溉方式下,果树根系形态指标和根系活力均随土层深度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,蓄水坑灌条件下峰值出现在60~100cm土层深度内,较地面灌溉峰值下移,且均大于地面灌溉;脲酶、磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性随土层深度的增加表现出先增大后减小的趋势。在0~20cm表层土壤,蓄水坑灌条件下的土壤酶活性低于地面灌溉,而在中深层土壤,蓄水坑灌的要明显高于地面灌溉。过氧化氢酶活性则表现为随土层深度的增加先减小后增大,且蓄水坑灌条件下的酶活性在0~160cm全土层深度内均大于地面灌溉。  相似文献   

滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对河套蜜瓜品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋光昱  杨培岭  任树梅  郑凤杰  贺新  俞昊良 《灌溉排水学报》2016,(10):64-68

通过田间滴灌试验,以早黄蜜为试材,在不同生育期进行调亏灌溉,对蜜瓜品质进行比较分析,研究了调亏灌溉技术对河套蜜瓜品质的影响,为河套蜜瓜的节水与优质栽培技术提供理论依据。结果表明,亏缺灌溉处理的蜜瓜总糖、可溶性固形物和维生素C的平均值均高于充分灌溉处理,结果期亏缺处理相比伸蔓期能够更大幅度地提高总糖与维生素C量。在2个生育期各自的亏缺处理中,蜜瓜可滴定酸、p H值随着亏缺程度的提高分别逐渐增大、减小。亏缺灌溉减小了蜜瓜的水分、平均果肉厚和平均种腔直径,结果期亏缺处理相比伸蔓期能够更大程度地降低蜜瓜水分,但两者间的水分活度差异不大。结果期20%亏缺处理(T6)与其他亏缺处理在产量上不存在显著性差异,但灌水量比充分灌溉处理(T1)低16.7%,总糖与可溶性固形物量最高,维生素C量较高,平均种腔直径最小,平均果肉厚在所有亏缺处理中最大。滴灌条件下蜜瓜覆膜起垄种植过程中,推荐在结果期进行20%的灌水量亏缺处理(T6)。  相似文献   

Changes in Tomato Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities under Deficit Irrigation and Fertilizer Application in a Solar Greenhouse in Northwest China     

Lan Mu 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(10):1329-1341

The interaction between water availability in the soil and fertilizer application rates often strongly affects crop growth. In the current study, the quality of fresh fruit and antioxidant enzymes of tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were investigated under different irrigation (low water content [W_l]: 50 ~ 60% field moisture capacity (FMC); moderate [W_m]: 70 ~ 80% FMC; and high [W_h]: 90 ~ 100% FMC) and fertilizer conditions (deficit fertilizer [F_l]: 195 kg ha^?1 nitrogen (N) + 47 kg ha^?1 phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) and moderate [F_m]: 278 kg ha^?1 N + 67 kg ha^?1 P₂O₅) in a solar greenhouse. The results showed that the quality of fresh fruits and the antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves and fruits were related to the water content in the soil. Deficit irrigation improved the fruit quality and 50 ~ 60% FMC combined with fertilizer application rates of 195 kg ha^?1 N + 47 kg ha^?1 P₂O₅ is recommended for tomato crop cultivation under greenhouse conditions.  相似文献   

Effect of foliar and soil application of urea on leaf nutrients concentrations,yield and fruit quality of pomegranate     

Mohammad Hasani  Gholamreza Savaghebi  Hosein Sheikh Sofla 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(6):749-755

The influence of foliar application of 1% urea and four rates of urea (100, 200, 300 and 400 g tree^?1) as soil application (deep fertilizer placement) were studied on leaf nutrients concentrations, yield and fruit quality of ‘Malas e Torsh e Saveh’ pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Trees that received 300 and 400 g urea as soil application showed positive significant response on fruit yield, average fruit weight, aril weight percent of fruit, 100 arils weight, fruit diameter and TSS. Foliar application of urea had also significant effects on average fruit weight, aril weight percent of fruit and 100 arils weight. Nitrogen concentration increased linearly in leaves with the increase in rate of urea-applied. According to results, deep soil application of urea under the conditions of this study was more effective on pomegranate fruit yield and quality characters than foliar application of urea.  相似文献   

Physiological disorders,bitter rot and other fungal decay of ‘Aroma’ apple fruit stored in controlled atmosphere     

J. Børve  A. Stensvand 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(5):461-467

Effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions on physiological disorders and fungal fruit decay on apple ‘Aroma’ were investigated. Fruit from three growing seasons were stored at 1% or 2% O₂ (both at 2% CO₂) at either 1°C or 3°C in small research units; controls were kept in the same ventilated rooms at the two temperatures (ambient air). The fruit were removed from storage after four or six months and assessed for fruit decay immediately afterwards and after two weeks at 20°C. Fruit quality parameters were recorded at the end of storage. On a three-year average, fruit stored in CA was less ripe at the end of storage. After both four and six months storage, CA reduced total decay (physiological disorders and fungal decay) by on average 70% and 45%, respectively, compared to storage in ambient air. Senescent breakdown was lower after CA storage for four months, but not after six months and not after simulated shelf life. Soft scald was lower when stored in CA both after cold storage at 1°C and simulated shelf life. After storage at 3°C there was lower incidence of soft scald when stored in CA after four months, but not after six months. For fungal fruit decay in general, there was no effect of low oxygen, however, 2% O₂ gave slightly less bitter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum) than 1% O₂ and significantly less than ambient air after simulated shelf life. Averaged over all oxygen levels, 1°C gave significantly less bitter rot than 3°C. It may be concluded that use of CA for storage of ‘Aroma’ is a good way of reducing development of physiological disorders. However, development of bitter rot seemed to be more influenced by temperature and storage time than by low O₂.  相似文献