热辐射下汽车温度分布及隔热分析     

王庆中  王艳 《农业装备与车辆工程》2021,(4):139-141

为研究热辐射下汽车内部温度场分布及不同隔热措施下汽车温度上升状况,在COMSOL中运用表面辐射传热模块对汽车温度场进行仿真.首先在SolidWorks中建立普通小型汽车的三维模型,然后导入COMSOL并定义汽车不同部位材料属性,最后通过加载外部热辐射、表面漫反射等参数仿真了暴露在阳光下和停靠在阴影下两种状况汽车温度上升...  相似文献   

Effects of genetically modified and non‐genetically modified soybeans with different heat treatments on growth and health of Cyprinidae species with different feeding habits     

Haokun Liu  Xiaoqing Liu  Dong Han  Junyan Jin  Xiaoming Zhu  Yunxia Yang  Shouqi Xie 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):599-610

An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of non‐genetically modified (nGM) soybean (Youchun 06‐1) and genetically modified (GM) soybean (Roundup Ready^®) with and without a heat treatment on the growth and health of three Cyprinidae species with different feeding habits (grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio, and black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus; body weight: 283.0 ± 2.0 g, 60.5 ± 0.7 g, and 261.4 ± 3.1 g). Five diets (FM, nGMS, hnGMS, GMS, and hGMS) were made with fishmeal and full‐fat soybean (Youchun 06‐1, heat‐treated Youchun 06‐1, Roundup Ready^®, and heat‐treated Roundup Ready^®). The FM diet contained fishmeal as the sole protein source. The experimental diets contained full‐fat soybean meal as 60% of dietary protein. Both temperature (60, 80, 100, and 120°C) and duration (1 and 2 hr) of heating influenced trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and protein solubility of nGM soybean and GM soybean. The TIA in GM soybean was higher than that in nGM soybean. After heating at 120°C for 2 hr, each amino acid of soybean treatment showed a slight decline. Neither source of soybean nor heat treatment affected the growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition of the whole fish body and muscle, and lipase or amylase activity of the three Cyprinidae species (p > 0.05). Heat treatment of soybean meal slightly increased the plasma antioxidant capacity of the three fish and plasma cholecystokinin of black carp and grass carp. The unheated soybean treatment adversely affected the height and density of black carp intestinal villi, and all the soybean treatments caused disruption of the grass carp intestinal epithelium.  相似文献   

Effect of thermal stress on Hsp70 gene expression and female reproductive performance of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii          下载免费PDF全文

Aslah Mohamad  Aziz Arshad  Yeong Yik Sung  Safiah Jasmani 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):135-150

Using Hsp70 as a biomarker, thermal stress impinges on reproductive organs, ovary and hepatopancreas were being analyzed by determining the expression of Hsp70 mRNA inside the organs after the adult inter‐molt females were subjected to thermal treatment at 35, 30 and 28°C (Control). Results showed the expression of Hsp70 mRNA under thermal treatment of 35°C after 2 hr recovery in ovary were upregulated at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hr and 30 days compared to control whereas in hepatopancreas under similar treatment, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA were significantly higher than control at 6, 24 hr and 30 days. Frequency of reproductive molt at 35°C showed the ovary of females were failed to develop and only entered common molt along three consecutive molt cycles. For 30°C thermal treatment, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly higher than control after 2 hr recovery but returned to normal afterwards until 30 days’ thermal treatment. Maternal heat shock for 2 hr at 35°C were found to give significantly lower frequency of reproductive molt and longer duration of ovarian development and incubation period whereas maternal heat shock for 2 hr at 30°C gave lower frequency of reproductive molt, slower development of embryo and lower hatching success compared to untreated control. This study suggests that short and long‐term thermal stress at 30 and 35°C were found to affect the induction of Hsp70 mRNA in reproductive organs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and also influence their reproductive performance.  相似文献   

斑马鱼雄核发育技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨景峰  曹颖霞  杨智慧  刘伟成 《水产科学》2005,24(2):18-21

为探索人工诱导斑马鱼雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼的途径和方法,运用紫外线照射卵子使其遗传物质失活,利用斑马鱼体表花纹形态作为遗传标记,使用热休克技术阻止受精卵的第一次卵裂加倍染色体。试验结果表明总辐射剂量为120mJ cm2紫外线照射斑马鱼卵可以使雌核遗传物质完全失活;体表花纹为豹斑花纹被证实是由纯合隐性基因控制的性状,可以作为雄核发育遗传标记;遗传失活卵受精后经2min,(41 5±0 5)℃的热休克后出现两个染色体加倍的高峰期,分别为受精后的11min和23min,且后一时期效果优于前一时期,最高二倍体诱导率达46 15%;经遗传分析,共获得正常存活的雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼19尾,说明经过优化的紫外线结合热休克等染色体操作技术,可以成为诱导雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼的有效手段。  相似文献   

高温胁迫对棘胸蛙蝌蚪抗氧化酶活力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄贞胜 《福建水产》2016,(6):445-452

实验利用水温从18~30℃骤升和缓升两种模式,高温胁迫处理棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)蝌蚪后,提取其尾部肌肉和内脏团的组织液,进行乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等酶活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量测定。结果表明,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉提取液的LDH活力显著高于内脏团(P0.01);高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团提取液的LDH活力显著提高(P0.01)。高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团的GSH-Px活力均显著降低(P0.01,P0.05),且水温骤升模式下的内脏团GSH-Px活力显著高于缓升模式(P0.01)。在30℃高温胁迫时,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),且水温骤升模式的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均高于缓升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。高温胁迫下CAT活力均显著下降(P0.01),且缓升模式下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪CAT活力显著高于骤升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。在两种升温模式下,高温胁迫对尾部肌肉的AKP活力均无显著影响;而在骤升模式下,高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的AKP活力显著提高(P0.05)。高温胁迫下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团MDA含量均显著升高(P0.01),骤升模式下高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的MDA含量显著高于尾部肌肉(P0.01)。  相似文献   

Heat shock protein 70 expression in different tissues of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) following heat stress   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Paromita Das  Akhil Gupta  & Sanjib Kumar Manna 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(6):525-529

Members of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) are highly conserved proteins of about 70 kDa and play important roles in protein folding. Levels of these proteins increase when cells are under stress. Environmental temperature influences both the basal and induced levels of HSPs. However, studies on HSPs in fishes from a tropical country such as India are lacking. In the present study, Indian major carp (IMC) Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) acclimatized at 25±2°C had high levels of HSP70, viz., 1.2–1.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in kidney and gill and 4.2–5.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in liver and brain tissues, indicating the presence of biochemically significant levels of stress. However, maintenance of acclimatized fish at 17°C for up to 48 h did not lead to a significant decrease in stress protein levels. A heat shock at 37°C for up to 48 h resulted in only two to threefold increase in HSP70 levels in these organs. Although the increase in HSP70 levels was apparent from the first hour of heat stress in all these tissues, the increase was significant from the second hour in the brain, the sixth hour in liver and kidney and the 20th hour in the gills.  相似文献   

双斑东方鲀三倍体育苗生产性研究     

尤颖哲 《齐鲁渔业》2006,23(5):1-3

采用温度休克方法诱导双斑东方鲀三倍体,在水温18-20℃条件下,卵受精后5分钟用40℃的水处理双斑东方鲀受精卵10分钟,三倍体诱导率100％,孵化率相对诱导量达25％;育苗采用前期室内工厂化培育与后期土池培育相结合方法,培育出全为三倍体(体长3 cm以上)苗种5．8万尾,对应孵出苗量,成活率为34．6％。  相似文献   

冷、热休克法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体的比较研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

宋立民  王卫民  周小云  阎里清  王玉芬 《水产学报》2010,34(5):768-776

分别采用冷、热休克抑制第二极体释放的方法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体。结果表明,在卵受精后2min,5℃处理20min,胚胎时期的三倍体率达70%左右,孵化率50%左右,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为25%,此条件为冷休克处理的优化参数;在卵受精后2min,40℃处理2min,胚胎时期的三倍体诱导率达58%,孵化率为39%,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为40%,此条件为热休克处理的优化参数。正交分析得出,冷休克条件下起始休克时间是原肠期三倍化率和孵化率的重要影响因子,温度对畸形个体的产生有重要影响;热休克条件下,参考三倍体率、畸形率、孵化期相对存活率三者而言,休克温度均是重要因素。比较观察到冷休克处理组的胚胎受损情况严重,后期的成活率较热休克处理组要低,总体诱导效果逊于热休克处理组。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary live or heat‐inactivated autochthonous Bacillus pumilus SE5 on growth performance,immune responses and immune gene expression in grouper Epinephelus coioides          下载免费PDF全文

Y.‐Y. Yan  H.‐Q. Xia  H.‐L. Yang  S.H. Hoseinifar  Y.‐Z. Sun 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(3):698-707

To evaluate the possible dietary application of live and heat‐inactivated probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE5 in grouper Epinephelus coioides, juveniles (14.6 ± 0.2 g) were fed either a basal control diet (without probiotic) or the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU g^?1 live (T1) and heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE5 (T2). The heat‐inactivated probiotic significantly improved the final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) at day 60 and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 30 and 60, while the viable probiotic significantly decreased the FCR at day 60 (P < 0.05). Phagocytic activity, serum complement C3 and IgM levels as well as SOD activity elevated significantly in fish fed the heat‐inactivated probiotic for 60 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the heat‐inactivated probiotic remarkably up‐regulated expression of TLR2 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and IL‐1β) in head kidney (P < 0.05), but the viable probiotic failed to do so. These results indicated that heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE5 can effectively improve the growth performance and immune responses of E. coioides.  相似文献   

干燥过程的变质量热力学分析     

谢英柏  苏杭  刘春涛  赵成 《农机化研究》2009,31(1)

对一种典型热泵干燥系统进行了实验研究,并进行了干燥过程的变质量热力学分析,其方程具有普遍性。对过程进行质量守恒分析和变质量热力学第一定律分析,得到了干燥过程需热量和干燥效率等参数,并与经典热力学分析方法做出比较,最后给出了实际干燥过程为等焓过程的条件。  相似文献