丙硫克百威生物活性及环境毒理研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

薛南冬 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,26(3):236-240

介绍了丙硫克百威在环境中的运动、代谢和降解过程，以及近年来对丙硫克百威农药的生物活性及其环境毒理的研究进展。  相似文献   

Activation of defense-related genes in parsley leaves by infection withErwinia chrysanthemi     

Frédérique van Gijsegem  Imre E. Somssich  Dierk Scheel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(5):549-559

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Age-related mechanisms of propanil tolerance in Jungle-rice,Echinochloa colona     

Jon M. Leah  John C. Caseley  Charles R. Riches  Bernal Valverde 《Pest management science》1995,43(4):347-354

Uptake and metabolism of propanil were measured in both susceptible (S) and resistant (R) biotypes of Jungle-rice, Echinochloa colona (L.) link at different growth stages. Results showed that there was no significant difference in uptake between S and R biotypes of E. colona at any given growth stage, but that uptake was significantly reduced at older plant growth stages in all biotypes studied. Metabolism of propanil was more rapid in R biotypes than in S biotypes at all growth stages studied. Specific and total aryl acylamidase activity, responsible for the first stage of propanil metabolism, was higher in R biotypes than in S at all growth stages, but declined to about 50% of the maximum at older growth stages, confirming the importance of this enzyme in conferring resistance to this herbicide. The area of necrosis that developed around a single drop of propanil deposited on the adaxial leaf surface was used to assess the degree of propanil resistance; it was found that resistance increased at older E. colona growth stages in contrast to the rate of propanil metabolism and amidase activity. Treatment of leaves with the amidase inhibitors, carbaryl or piperophos, simultaneously with propanil, caused a decrease in resistance at growth stages where amidase activity was greatest. This treatment was less effective at older growth stages. These results show that, in E. colona, propanil metabolism is important for conferring resistance in younger plants (four-six-leaf stage). It is suggested that restricted uptake confers resistance in older plants.  相似文献   

Enzymes of glucose and glycerol catabolism in in vitro-propagated Theileria parva schizonts     

Kiama TN  Kiaira JK  Konji VN  Musoke AJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,158(3):221-227

Theileria parva schizonts propagated in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes were purified and assayed for key enzymes of glucose and glycerol catabolism and the citric acid cycle. The activities of glycolytic enzymes were in the range of 21-100 nmol/min/mg protein. Glycerol kinase and alpha -glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities were more than 16 times lower than the activities of other enzymes catalysing the oxidation of the triose phosphates to lactate. It was suggested that the catabolism of glycerol is negligible and that glucose is catabolized to lactate via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The activities of the enzymes catalysing the section of the citric acid cycle that involves the formation of citrate to succinyl-CoA were consistently very low (less than 2.0 nmol/min/mg protein), indicating that this part of the cycle plays a minor role in this parasite. Enzyme activities of the cycle catalysing the formation of succinate from oxaloacetate were relatively higher than those catalysing other sections of the citric acid cycle, suggesting that this section of the cycle could be important to the parasite. Pyruvate carboxylase activity was more than 10 times that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. It was suggested that pyruvate could be carboxylated to oxaloacetate. Taken together, these results suggest that the catabolism of glucose in Theileria parva schizonts is mainly via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and that the citric acid cycle plays a minor role in energy production.  相似文献   

加热大豆粕对高产奶牛血液代谢产物、产乳量和乳成分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吐日根白乙拉  双金  阿拉坦苏和  板桥久雄 《中国奶牛》2004,(6):14-18

选用10头经产荷斯坦乳牛分为对照和试验组(n=5),以二乘反转法,研究了加热大豆粕对奶牛血液代谢产物、产乳量和乳成分的影响。试验组日粮用加热大豆粕替代了对照组日粮中的生大豆粕,使RUP比例提高3.9%,两组日粮其他组成和营养成分基本相同。结果表明,试验组牛血浆葡萄糖浓度有下降趋势(P<0.1),尿素氮、总游离氨基酸和必须氨基酸浓度两组间均无显著差异(P<0.1);两组牛干物质采食量无明显差异;试验组乳量、4%脂肪校正乳量、乳糖和无脂固形物产量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比对照组增加7.1%(2.3kg/d)、6.1%(1.9k9/d)、80g/d(5.8%)和180g/d(6.8%);试验组乳蛋白质和乳脂肪产量增加30g/d(3.3%)和40g/d(5.0%),但无显著差异(P>0.1);试验组与对照组比较乳蛋白质率低0.09%单位(P<0.1),乳脂率、乳糖率和无脂固形物率低0.06～0.08%单位(P>0.1),乳脂中脂肪酸比例无明显变化。以上结果显示:用加热大豆粕替代高产奶牛泌乳前期日粮中生豆粕可增加产奶量。但是,增加产奶量的同时要改善乳蛋白质为主的乳成分含量,需要平衡地改善能量、蛋白质甚至葡萄糖营养的供给状况。  相似文献   

添加紫苏对鸡蛋多不饱和脂肪酸及脂质代谢的影响研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

臧素敏  李同洲  何万红  宋永  郭鹏飞 《中国畜牧杂志》2004,40(1):14-16

在蛋鸡日粮中分别加入 8% ,12 % ,16 % ,2 0 %紫苏 ,研究蛋黄多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)含量及其比例变化 ,分析其脂质代谢。结果表明 :蛋黄PUFA由 17.0 3%分别提高到 2 0 .4 2 % (8% ) ,2 3.6 1% (12 % ) ,2 4 .0 7% (16 % )和2 4 .6 2 % (2 0 % )。蛋黄脂肪中ω 3含量由 1.2 1%分别提高到 6 .88% ,8.72 % ,9.86 %和 9.95 %。每个鸡蛋中ω 3PU FA由 5 2 .2 2mg增加到 2 99.6 9,395 .80 ,36 .4 5 ,4 5 3.4 2mg。DHA由 4 2 .2 9mg增加到 5 4 .0 1,10 1.6 7,12 7.93,133.98mg/个。ω 6 /ω 3由 13.0 7分别降到 1.98,1.6 7,1.4 4 ,1.4 7。PUFA/SFA由 0 .38升高到 0 .6 8(2 0 %组 )。血清总脂、VLDL、TG、TCH有不同程度降低 ,HDL C升高。新鲜鸡蛋脂质过氧化物除添加 2 0 %组以外 ,其他组无明显变化。  相似文献   

硅对瓠瓜酚类物质代谢的影响及与抗白粉病的关系   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

魏国强  朱祝军  钱琼秋  李娟  姚秋菊 《植物保护学报》2004,31(2):185-189

研究了硅酸盐和诱导接种白粉菌对瓠瓜叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的动态变化和木质素含量的影响.结果表明,诱导接种提高了瓠瓜叶片的PAL、PPO、POD活性,加硅后接种处理植株叶片酶活性更明显增加;接种后瓠瓜叶片中木质素含量增加,加硅处理植株叶片木质素含量是不加硅处理的1.43倍.说明酚类物质代谢在植物抗病机制中起着重要作用,硅能提高酚类代谢的酶活性.1.7mmol/L的硅能显著降低瓠瓜白粉病的病情指数,提高其对白粉病的抗病能力.  相似文献   

Deletion of Cyp6d4 does not alter toxicity of insecticides to Drosophila melanogaster     

Melissa C. Hardstone 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,84(3):236-242

Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases are important in the activation and detoxification of numerous insecticides. In this study, a Drosophila melanogaster Cyp6d4 null mutant was used to determine the role of this P450 in insecticide metabolism. This null mutant was generated by imprecise excision of a mobile P element located upstream to the P450 gene Cyp6d4. Comparative analysis between the non-functional mutant and relevant control strains shows that Cyp6d4 does not appear to be involved in the metabolism of chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, diazinon, imidacloprid, malathion, oxamyl, parathion, or pyrethrum extract, even though these insecticides are known to be activated or detoxified by P450-monooxygenases. No obvious abnormalities in development were seen in the Cyp6d4 null mutant, indicating that Cyp6d4 is not critical for the metabolism of vital endogenous substrates.  相似文献   

Physiological basis of differential phytotoxic activity between fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and cyhalofop-butyl-treated barnyardgrass     

JIN-SEOG KIM  JUNG-IM OH  TAE-JOON KIM  JONG YEONG PYON  KWANG YUN CHO 《Weed Biology and Management》2005,5(2):39-45

This study investigated the physiological causes of differences in phytotoxic symptoms shown in barnyardgrass from foliar applications of the herbicides fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and cyhalofop-butyl. When these were applied to the third leaves of the whole plant, the chlorosis and desiccation in the third leaf was greater in fenoxaprop-P-ethyl than cyhalofop-butyl. However, initial growth inhibition of the fourth leaf was greater when using cyhalofop-butyl than when using fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. In the shoot regrowth test, regrowth at five days after treatment (DAT) was smaller in cyhalofop-butyl than in fenoxaprop-P-ethyl; the regrowth at 10 DAT exhibited the reverse trend. The chlorosis (decrease of chlorophylls: carotenoids ratio) in barnyardgrass leaf segments that were floated on herbicide solution was greater in the fenoxaprop-P-ethyl treatment. These results indicate that different herbicidal responses induced by the two herbicides are likely to be related to differential translocation and metabolism. The relatively light chlorosis and desiccation in treated leaves, severe cessation of initial growth (but a lower final herbicidal efficacy in the cyhalofop-butyl treatment) are probably related to its rapid translocation to the meristem region from the treated leaf, followed by faster metabolism. In contrast, the relatively greater chlorosis and desiccation compared to inhibition of initial growth in the fenoxaprop-P-ethyl treatment is likely to be related to its relatively slower translocation and metabolism in the treated leaf.  相似文献   

日本柄瘤蚜茧蜂的寄生对黑豆蚜生化代谢的影响          下载免费PDF全文

甘明  苗雪霞  丁德诚 《植物保护学报》2003,30(3):255-260

日本柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead的寄生影响了寄主黑豆蚜Aphis craccivora Koch体内的生化代谢。寄生使黑豆蚜的游离氨基酸总浓度升高，寄生1天后，正常组的游离氨基酸总浓度为17．721nmol／L，被寄生组为23．153nmol／L；寄生4天后，正常组和被寄生组分别为58．703和69．659nmol／L。苏氨酸、谷氨酸和酪氨酸是黑豆蚜血淋巴中主要的氨基酸，被寄生后的黑豆蚜血淋巴中苏氨酸含量升高，谷氨酸和酪氨酸含量下降。与正常蚜虫相比，被寄生后3天，黑豆蚜血淋巴的蛋白质浓度下降，体蛋白质浓度升高；寄生还使寄主血淋巴的蛋白质组成发生了变化，在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱中出现了两个新的蛋白质，其分子量分别约为54和41kD。在被寄生后4天，黑豆蚜的血淋巴海藻糖浓度明显降低。蚜虫的体总糖原和体总脂含量在被寄生后2天显著升高，但在被寄生后3、4天明显低于未寄生蚜虫。  相似文献