Supplementary food for Neoseiulus californicus boosts biological control of Tetranychus urticae on strawberry     

Henry E Vacacela Ajila  Felipe Colares  Felipe Lemos  Pedro H Marques  Eliza C Franklin  Willian Santos do Vale  Eugênio E Oliveira  Madelaine Venzon  Angelo Pallini 《Pest management science》2019,75(7):1986-1992

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2株毒死蜱降解菌的分离鉴定及其混合降解特性研究     

李怡  武春媛  李玮  李勤奋 《热带作物学报》2017,(8):1512-1518

从生产毒死蜱农药厂采集的活性污泥中分离筛选得到2株降解效率较高的毒死蜱降解菌,命名为D1、D3,根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16 S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将其鉴定为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)和副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.)细菌。2株菌以最佳配比(1∶1.25)混合施用时,与单菌相比,毒死蜱降解效率可提高12%~26%;以混合菌株为研究对象,发现其对毒死蜱最适降解温度为30℃,最适降解pH值为7.0,最适NaCl浓度为0.5%;混合菌株施入土壤后,可保持较高的定殖能力和降解效率。  相似文献   

火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取及抗氧化活性研究     

郭淼  宋江峰  王传凯 《热带作物学报》2017,(7):1371-1376

为研究火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取工艺及抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析方法,确定超高压提取的最优工艺,并从清除ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基能力方面来评价火龙果茎多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取的最佳工艺条件为:液固比10∶1(m L∶g)、超高压压力300 MPa、超高压时间4 min。在此工艺条件下多糖得率为(2.83±0.02)%。火龙果茎对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基具有清除作用,对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率IC_(50)分别为浓度为4.3 mg/m L和5.5 mg/m L时。  相似文献   

Silage and total mixed ration hygienic quality on commercial farms: implications for animal production          下载免费PDF全文

T. Cogan  R. Hawkey  E. Higgie  M. R. F. Lee  E. Mee  D. Parfitt  J. Raj  S. Roderick  N. Walker  P. Ward  J. M. Wilkinson 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):601-613

Implications of silage hygienic quality for animal production were investigated on forty‐five dairy farms in South West England. Samples of grass and maize silages and of total mixed rations (TMR) were obtained together with information on silage technology, herd size and animal production. Samples were analysed for mycotoxins, bacteria, yeasts, moulds and chemical composition. Thirteen mycotoxins were assayed, but none were detected in the samples of grass silage. However, mycotoxins were found in 0·9 of all maize and other silage samples, with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone predominating. There was no relationship between total mycotoxin concentration and mean lactation milk yield per cow. Enterobacteria counts tended to be higher in maize silage than in grass silage and higher still in TMR – a cause for concern. There were no relationships between mould counts and mycotoxin concentrations in silages, implying that mycotoxins may have been produced in the field pre‐ensiling.  相似文献   

Drivers of Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult growth and impact on forage quality in lowland Switzerland meadows          下载免费PDF全文

S. Orlandi  E. Nucera  E. Mosimann  G. D'Adda  D. Garzoli  M. Bertossa  M. Lonati  G. Lombardi 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(1):154-162

Invasive grasses (especially Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult) increasingly threaten meadows and pastures as a consequence of human impact and climate change. We conducted a study in 2012 and in 2013 to better understand the growing cycle and the influence of S. pumila on forage quality of lowland meadows. We observed a rapid increase of S. pumila presence and phytomass on the southern side of the Alps across the growing season. We measured (i) above‐ground phytomass, with a modified Corral‐Fenlon method; (ii) botanical composition using the linear point quadrat method; and (iii) grassland chemical composition by NIRs (near‐infrared spectroscopy) analyses. To test the hypothesis that S. pumila summer growth is related to specific climatic conditions, meteorological data (temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration) were collected from meteorological stations near the study sites. Total phytomass was sorted into S. pumila and other species. We used a generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and found the abundance of S. pumila to be inversely correlated with rainfall and the presence of other species, but positively correlated with temperature increase. The increase of S. pumila above‐ground phytomass production was linked to a reduction of forage quality.  相似文献   

Mixed cropping with ice plant alleviates the damage and the growth of cowpea under consecutive NaCl treatment and after the recovery from high salinity     

Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo  Koji Yamane 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):111-125

We investigated the alleviative effects of mixed cropping using ice plant, which is one of the salt-accumulating halophytes, on the damage and growth inhibition of cowpea, which is not tolerant to high salinity. Three cropping patterns (mono cropping of cowpea and ice plant and their combination) were tested. The plants were treated with 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl for 14 days (consecutive NaCl). The plants were also treated with NaCl for 3 days, followed by 2 weeks (short-term recovery) and 1 month (long-term recovery) recovery. Salinity levels for short-term recovery were similar to those of the consecutive experiment, while the concentration of long-term recovery was 250 mM. The alleviative effects of mixed cropping in the consecutive NaCl experiment were observed at 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Mixed cropping significantly reduced the Na content in the cowpea leaves at 200 and 300 mM NaCl compared with mono cropping. In addition, the Na content in the soil of mix-cropped cowpea at 200 and 300 mM NaCl was statistically lower than that of the mono cropping. Mixed cropping was effective to recover from high concentration of NaCl in the experiments of short- and long-term recovery. These results indicate that mixed cropping with a halophyte could be effective in mitigating the damage and growth inhibition of a glycophyte not only under salinity but also under recovery periods.  相似文献   

斜流泵小流量工况压力脉动数值模拟与实验     

张德胜  刘俊龙  耿琳琳  石磊  张俊杰 《农业机械学报》2017,48(2):117-125

基于标准的Smagorinsky亚格子尺度模型,对斜流泵全流场进行大涡模拟并结合压力脉动实验对小流量工况下的压力脉动和内部流场进行研究。实验结果表明,叶轮进口处的脉动幅值最高,随着流量的降低压力脉动幅值逐渐增加,不同工况下叶轮进口、叶轮出口、导叶进口的压力脉动主频为叶频,但导叶出口脉动主频随着流量的变化而变化。大涡模拟表明,0.8Qopt工况下叶轮进口流动状态较好,叶轮进口轴面速度变化较小,而在0.4Qopt工况下叶轮进口流动状态较复杂,轴面速度变化较大,0.4Qopt工况时叶轮进口冲角增加以及受到相邻叶片叶顶泄漏流的影响,在t*=0.041 6时叶片进口吸力面已发生流动分离,当叶轮从t*=0.041 6旋转到t*=0.124 9时,叶片吸力面流动分离加剧,轮缘处的轴面速度明显升高,同时分离涡的旋转强度也逐渐增强,导致该区域的静压下降,逆压梯度上升,促使回流的产生,当回流到达叶片进口时进口处的静压逐渐恢复,因此叶轮进口流动分离是引起叶轮进口压力脉动幅值增加的重要因素。  相似文献   

基于混合效应的湖南栎类与杉木单木断面积生长模型研究     

钟栋明  黄华蓉  李临兵  徐誉远 《广东林业科技》2020,36(4):18-23

构建栎类（Quercus sp.）杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）混交林单木断面积生长模型,为该类 型林分的生产经营提供参考。以湖南省 31 个样地共 1 646 株栎类与 1 154 株杉木为研究数据,7 个常见模 型作为栎类、杉木的单木基础模型,基于样地随机效应构建栎类、杉木的单木断面积混合效应模型。结果 表明,栎类断面积的最优基础模型为 Gompertz,杉木断面积的最优基础模型为 Logistic;栎类断面积混合 效应模型相比于基础模型,决定系数 R2 提高了 0.053,SSE 与 RRMSE 均有所降低;杉木断面积混合效应 模型相比于基础模型,决定系数 R2 增加了 0.035,SSE 与 RRMSE 均有所降低;栎类断面积的成熟年龄在 50 年以后,杉木断面积的生长速率在 30 年左右逐步放缓。文章在栎类、杉木单木模型的基础上进一步加 入样地随机效应,模型拟合精度明显提高,说明栎类、杉木的断面积生长都受到年龄与样地的综合影响。  相似文献   

滇东北4种典型筇竹林凋落物的持水性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

钟欢  董文渊  李吉  张炜  柳治伦  郑静楠  吴义远 《世界竹藤通讯》2020,18(3):21

以滇东北4种典型筇竹林为研究对象,对比分析不同类型筇竹林凋落物储量及持水性能,从而为滇东北筇竹林生态可持续经营提供理论依据和实践指导。研究结果表明,凋落物储量为人工筇竹-黄皮树混交林（7.61 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工黄皮树混交林（6.61 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工厚朴混交林（5.73 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹纯林（5.23 t/hm²）。凋落物最大持水量为天然筇竹-人工厚朴混交林（3.45 t/hm²） > 人工筇竹-黄皮树混交林（3.22 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工黄皮树混交林（2.89 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹纯林（2.69 t/hm²）。4种类型筇竹林凋落物吸水速率均随着浸泡时间延长而逐渐趋于一致,筇竹混交林凋落物吸水速率高于筇竹纯林。凋落物的总有效拦蓄量为人工筇竹-黄皮树混交林（9.74 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工厚朴混交林（8.95 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工黄皮树混交林（7.73 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹纯林（6.23 t/hm²）。  相似文献   

红锥4种林型土壤理化性质及微生物量差异分析     

唐靓茹  刘雄盛  蒋燚  刘乐嘉  魏国余  王勇 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):76-81,104

【目的】研究广西国有高峰林场不同红锥人工林对土壤理化性质及微生物生物量的影响,旨在为该区红锥人工林合理经营和持续生产发展提供科学依据。【方法】以红锥纯林、红锥+湿地松混交林、红锥+米老排混交林、红锥+火力楠混交林4种红锥林型人工林0~60 cm土层为研究对象,分析4种红锥林型的土壤理化性质和微生物生物量差异以及变化规律。【结果】4种林型3个土层(0~20、20~40、40~60 cm)间土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、容重(ρb)、含水率(θg)以及微生物生物量碳(MBC)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)均差异显著,且随着土层深度的增加,4种林型的SOC、TN、全磷(TP)、θg均表现为逐渐降低,ρb表现为逐渐增大。0~60 cm土层4种林型间SOC、TN、TP、θg、pH值、ρb均差异极显著。其中红锥+米老排混交林土壤SOC、TN、TP、θg和MBC、MBN均最大,pH值和ρb最小;红锥纯林土壤SOC、TN、TP和MBC、MBN均最小,pH值和ρb最大。相关分析表明,MBC与SOC、TP呈显著正相关,与ρb呈显著负相关;MBN与SOC、TN、TP呈显著正相关,与ρb呈显著负相关;SOC、TN、TP与ρb呈显著负相关。【结论】红锥混交林能够有效提高土壤养分,改善土壤质地,且红锥阔叶混交林较红锥针阔混交林的效果更佳。  相似文献