Incisor ridge modification of the mandibles in freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus     

Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(5):443-453

The differences in the ridge structure of the mandibles of different size Astacus leptodactylus (32–80 mm carapace length, CL) were investigated. The results showed that a modification occurs with an increase in size in the incisor ridge of mandibles in A. leptodactylus. The results also showed that A. leptodactylus possesses four different types of ridge structure in the mandibles. These are: (1) Incisor ridge with big teeth (dentate crenate), (2) Blade-like incisor ridge with numerous small teeth, (3) Blade-like ridge (toothless), (4) Blunt ridge. In conclusion, it is thought that the incisor ridge modification of the mandibles may cause the difference in the food choice of different size A. leptodactylus, because, crayfish possessing different ridge structures of the mandible may probably feed on different type of food.  相似文献   

挤压膨化与改性处理海带渣的油污吸附特性试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李莎  张国琛  李秀辰  张倩  母刚  于鹏 《大连海洋大学学报》2014,(4):413-419

利用挤压膨化和改性处理的海带渣进行了油污吸附材料制备的试验研究,探讨了海带渣粒度和玉米碴添加量对挤压膨化海带渣油污吸附特性的影响,以及硬脂酸添加量、海带渣粒度和改性时间对改性海带渣油污吸附特性的影响。研究表明：增加玉米碴添加量,可提高挤压膨化海带渣的吸油率、吸油速率和漂浮率,但吸水率亦提高;海带渣粒度越小,挤压膨化后的海带渣吸油和漂浮效果越好,越不易吸水;当海带渣粒度为0.9 mm、玉米碴添加量为30%时,挤压膨化海带渣具有良好的油污吸附效果,其吸油率、吸油速率和漂浮率分别为142.8%、94.1%和49.4%,吸水率为89.2%。改性试验结果表明：硬脂酸改性可显著提高海带渣的漂浮率,降低其吸水率,但油污吸附效果随硬脂酸添加量的增加而下降;选择粒度较小的海带渣并且保证一定的改性时间,有利于提高油污吸附效果;当海带渣粒度为0.9 mm、硬脂酸添加量为8.5%、改性处理2 h时,海带渣的吸油率、吸油速率和漂浮率分别为217.5%、94.3%、94.0%,吸水率在31.0%以下,吸油率和漂浮率分别是挤压膨化海带渣的1.52倍和1.90倍,吸水率降低了65.2%。  相似文献   

Case study: Treatment of oral and locomotory stereotypic behaviors in a mature sow     

《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2014,9(5):269-273

A 32-month-old female 225-kg nonpregnant cross-bred Newsham sow presented a 6-week history of stereotypic behaviors when housed in a laboratory research facility. A behavioral examination over 12 daylight hours revealed 3 main stereotypic motor patterns, namely (1) oral-nasal gate manipulation defined as placement of the snout between the bars of the pen gate with repetitive, forceful up and down movement; (2) head weaving defined as repetitive lateral head and snout movement toward the pen gates while rocking back and forth on her forequarters with hooves remaining on ground at all times; and (3) body weaving defined as repetitive shifting of body weight from one side to the other with front hooves lifting alternately off the ground. The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 4.0%, 12.4%, and 6.8% of her total baseline time budget, respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was oral-nasal and locomotory stereotypies. Three treatments were used to mitigate the duration and frequency of these stereotypic behaviors. Treatment 1—Social treatment (change social stimuli by providing visual and nose-to-nose contact with different neighboring sows); Treatment 2—Forage treatment (change foraging substrates by providing peat moss as a rooting substrate); and Treatment 3—Space treatment (change pen configuration by increasing space). The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0%, 0.4%, and 0.1% of her total time budget, respectively; social treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.9%, 15.3%, and 11.3% of her total time budget, respectively; and forage treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.5%, 28.0%, and 15.5% of her total time budget, respectively. This study is one of the first reports to evaluate the treatment of established stereotypies in a mature sow. Results suggest the promise of environmental enrichment as an effective treatment strategy. Further research is needed to evaluate the persistence of these behavioral changes and relative importance of different environmental manipulations provided.  相似文献   

22种海水鱼中ACEI的制备及其化学修饰   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

时瀚  孙谧  于建生  王跃军 《中国水产科学》2006,13(1):100-105

以取自中国黄海的22种鱼类为研究对象，测定其鱼肉组织上清液的酶解物对血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）的抑制作用。从6种商业用酶和1种新型海洋低温碱性蛋白酶（MLAP）中，筛选出MLAP作为酶解制备ACEI的理想水解酶。以该酶水解上述22种海水鱼鱼肉组织上清液，并将水解液经Sephadex G-25凝胶层析和DEAE Sepharose阴离子交换层析，得到ACEI纯品。测定各类ACEI体外抑制ACE的活性发现，这22种海水鱼中以缇鱼（Engraulis japonicus）所产ACEI活性最高，其余鱼类无显著差异。以缇鱼制备血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI-22），并对ACEI-22作进一步研究，结果发现，ACEI-22对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）有降压效果，但不显著；ACEI-22经聚乙二醇化学修饰后，修饰率为68％，且给药SHR后，大鼠收缩压显著降低，与相同条件下同剂量的卡托普利的降压效果相当。故聚乙二醇修饰的ACEI-22可有效地降低SHR的血压。  相似文献   

Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering for Marine Carotenoids: New Opportunities and Future Prospects     

Chonglong Wang  Jung-Hun Kim  Seon-Won Kim 《Marine drugs》2014,12(9):4810-4832

Carotenoids are a class of diverse pigments with important biological roles such as light capture and antioxidative activities. Many novel carotenoids have been isolated from marine organisms to date and have shown various utilizations as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we summarize the pathways and enzymes of carotenoid synthesis and discuss various modifications of marine carotenoids. The advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for carotenoid production are also reviewed, in hopes that this review will promote the exploration of marine carotenoid for their utilizations.  相似文献   

葡聚糖水合二激酶的生物学功能及其应用     

孙潇  包劲松 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2014,(6)

葡聚糖水合二激酶(glucan-water dikinase,GWD)催化淀粉发生的磷酸化反应是植物临时淀粉降解的必要过程.该文总结了GWD的结构、生物学功能及其与其他淀粉代谢相关酶类的互作,以及GWD基因的研究进展及其在淀粉改性工艺上的应用现状,展望了GWD在淀粉磷酸化改性工艺上的应用前景,旨在为淀粉生物改性提供一种环境友好型、资源集约型的思路和方法.  相似文献   

活性炭的改性技术及其应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨四娥  林建清 《安徽农业科学》2014,(9):2712-2715

活性炭具有特殊的物理化学特性,常被用作吸附剂,广泛应用于工业、饮用水净化、废水处理等领域,并取得显著的成效.目前水污染物种类繁多,对水质要求高,传统的活性炭在使用方面具有一定的局限性.国内外的很多研究表明,通过对活性炭进行表面改性,可提高其对特定物质的吸附能力,活性炭的改性由此成为热点.从化学改性、物理改性、微生物改性等三大方面综述了国内外活性炭的改性技术,概括了不同改性方法的特性,并比较了不同改性技术改性前后对水中特定吸附质吸附性能的差异,为活性炭的改性研究提供参考和依据.  相似文献   

永春县酸化型茶园成因与改良对策     

姚建族 《福建农业科技》2014,(4):77-79

对永春县418个茶园耕层土样的调查表明,土壤pH ＜4.5的酸化型茶园是永春县中低产茶园的主要类型.酸化的成因主要有土壤因素、茶树自身因素和人为因素等;通过生态茶园建设、化学改良、增施有机肥和推广应用测土配方施肥等措施改良酸化茶园.  相似文献   

H₂O₂/H₂SO₄改性玉米秸秆活性炭对甲醛吸附性能的研究     

刘耀源  邹长武  侯天瑶  石磊  李晓芬  王婷  张萍 《湖北农业科学》2014,53(19):4584-4586

利用农业固废玉米秸秆制备活性炭,并对其进行H2O2/H2SO4改性,研究了改性前后其对甲醛的吸附性能、脱附性能和表面结构与表面化学性质变化以得到对甲醛有较高吸附量的活性炭。结果表明,经H2O2/H2SO4改性处理后可使活性炭平均孔径增大,表面酸性官能团含量提高150.41%,对甲醛饱和吸附时间延长50%,饱和吸附量提高165.94%,脱附峰面积和峰高均明显增大,表明改性后活性炭对甲醛的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的复合吸附。  相似文献   

紫外光接枝改性木塑复合材料的表面抑菌性1）     

杨万丽  王清文  李陆军  胡刚  劳瑜  马欢 《东北林业大学学报》2014,(10)

以二苯甲酮为光敏剂,通过紫外光辐照引发,将N,N－二甲基十四烷基对乙烯基苄基氯化铵（ C9 H9 Cl－14DMA）单体接枝在含有乙烯基的木塑复合材料（ WPC）表面,赋予WPC表面抗菌功能。利用XPS光电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对WPC的表面化学组成和形貌结构进行表征,采用抑菌圈法对大肠杆菌进行抑菌活性研究。探讨了单体质量浓度、光敏剂质量浓度、光照时间对接枝率的影响。结果表明,最优的接枝条件为：光敏剂质量浓度0．150 g/mL、单体质量浓度0．800 g/mL、光照时间3 min,接枝率为62．5μg/mm2,接枝后的WPC表面具有良好的抑菌性能。  相似文献