分娩应激对围产期奶牛免疫机能的影响     

王亮  张克春 《中国奶牛》2012,(19):30-33

本文分析了围产期奶牛的分娩应激对其免疫机能的影响,并从宏观和微观上进行了详细的阐述,为围产期奶牛的饲养管理提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

热应激下鸡肝脏SFRP1和PDK4基因表达水平研究     

赵妤娟  许生友  姜润深  曲鲁江 《中国家禽》2012,34(15):12-15

为研究热应激条件下,鸡SFRP1和PDK4两个与代谢相关的基因在鸡肝脏组织中的差异表达,选取12只60日龄体重相近的黄羽肉母鸡,分为正常对照组(CL)、热应激反应组(HS)和热应激反应后的降温组(HF)3个处理组,并对这两个基因在三组肝脏组织中的表达水平进行荧光定量表达分析。结果表明,在热应激状态下,SFRP1和PDK4基因在肝脏中的表达均上调,且PDK4在对照组和热应激组间差异显著(P<0.05)。本研究结果还表明,当热应激反应后温度重新降至(25±1)℃时,SFRP1和PDK4在肝脏中的相对表达量均有不同程度的恢复,进一步说明这两个基因在热应激中发挥的作用。本研究为从分子机制分析热应激提供了相应的参考。  相似文献   

Current status and trends of wheat genetic transformation studies in China     

HE Yi  WANG Qiong  ZENG Jian  SUN Tao  YANG Guang-xiao  HE Guang-yuan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(3):438-452

More than 20 years have passed since the first report on successful genetic transformation of wheat. With the establishment and improvement of transformation platform, great progresses have been made on wheat genetic transformation both on its fundamental and applied studies in China, especially driven by the National Major Project for Transgenic Organism Breeding, China, initiated in 2008. In this review, wheat genetic transformation platform improvement and transgenic research progresses including new techniques applied and functional studies of wheat quality, yield and stress tolerant related genes and biosafety assessment are summarized. The existing problems and the trends in wheat transformation with traditional methods combined with genomic studies and genome editing technology are also discussed.  相似文献   

Estimation of phenotypic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of common bean under drought stress using 15N natural abundance in grain     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of ¹⁵N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used ¹⁵N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.  相似文献   

NaCl胁迫对羽衣甘蓝生理生化指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑飞雪  魏民  牟同水 《北方园艺》2010,(17):42-44

试验采用水培种植的方法研究不同NaCl浓度对羽衣甘蓝幼苗光合色素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,叶绿素含量总体呈下降趋势;可溶性蛋白质含量、CAT和POD活性随着NaCl浓度的增加先上升后下降;在NaCl浓度为600mmol/L时可溶性蛋白质含量、CAT活性达到最高值,而POD活性则是在NaCl浓度为800mmol/L时达到最高。  相似文献   

鸡Hsc70基因5′侧翼区SNP与耐热性状的相关分析     

陈卓宇  罗思琳  甘建伉  张细权  罗庆斌 《兽医大学学报》2012,(9):1339-1343

为研究Hsc70基因作为鸡抗病育种中一种分子标记的可能性,本试验利用克隆测序技术对清远麻鸡、广东温氏矮脚黄鸡、灵山鸡和隐性白羽洛克鸡4个品种共20个个体Hsc70基因的5′侧翼区进行多态性筛查,发现10处变异,包括8个SNPs和2个插入/缺失突变。通过分析,选取C.-521A〉C位点,利用PCR-RFLP方法分析了此位点在灵山鸡和隐性白羽洛克鸡群体中的基因型分布,所得分型结果与测定的耐热性状（T3、皮质酮、CD3＋、CD4＋和CD8＋）进行关联分析,结果表明：常温状态下（15℃）,在隐性白羽洛克鸡群体中,位点C.-521A〉C与CD3＋、CD4＋和CD8＋显著相关（P〈0.05）,其中AA基因型个体CD3＋值显著低于AC基因型个体,而CD4＋与CD8＋值显著高于AC基因型个体;热应激状态下（35℃）,在灵山鸡群体中,位点C.-521A〉C与CD8＋极显著相关（P〈0.01）,CC基因型个体CD8＋值极显著高于AA和AC基因型。  相似文献   

The Alleviating Effect of Elevated CO2 on Heat Stress Susceptibility of Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars     

S. Shanmugam  K. H. Kjaer  C.‐O. Ottosen  E. Rosenqvist  D. Kumari Sharma  B. Wollenweber 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(5):340-350

This study analysed the alleviating effect of elevated CO₂ on stress‐induced decreases in photosynthesis and changes in carbohydrate metabolism in two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin. The plants were grown in ambient (400 μl l^?1) and elevated (800 μl l^?1) CO₂ with a day/night temperature of 15/10 °C. At the growth stages of tillering, booting and anthesis, the plants were subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for three continuous days. Photosynthetic parameters, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (F_v/F_m) and contents of pigments and carbohydrates in leaves were analysed before and during the stress treatments as well as after 1 day of recovery. Heat stress reduced P_N and F_v/F_m in both wheat cultivars, but plants grown in elevated CO₂ maintained higher P_N and F_v/F_m in comparison with plants grown in ambient CO₂. Heat stress reduced leaf chlorophyll contents and increased leaf sucrose contents in both cultivars grown at ambient and elevated CO₂. The content of hexoses in the leaves increased mainly in the tolerant cultivar in response to the combination of elevated CO₂ and heat stress. The results show that heat stress tolerance in wheat is related to cultivar origin, the phenological stage of the plants and can be alleviated by elevated CO₂. This confirms the complex interrelation between environmental factors and genotypic traits that influence crop performance under various climatic stresses.  相似文献   

骆驼乳清蛋白对热应激所致大鼠肝氧化损伤的保护作用     

乌恩吉雅  马雪妮  杜冬华  哈斯苏荣 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(9):2642-2649

本试验旨在研究骆驼乳清蛋白（CWP）对热应激（HS）大鼠肝损伤、氧化应激及肝功能的保护作用。选取6周龄SD大鼠36只,适应性饲养2周后随机分为6组：正常对照组饲喂基础日粮;CWP对照组添加400 mg·kg^-1的CWP;HS组除饲喂基础日粮外,每天进行2 h HS处理,连续8 d;3个CWP干预组分别于每次HS前灌服100、200和400 mg·kg^-1的CWP。试验结束后,取大鼠肝组织,HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化,同时检测肝功能生物标志物、氧化应激标志物水平及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：CWP降低了HS大鼠血清谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性,400 mg·kg^-1的CWP干预效果最好（P<0.01）;400 mg·kg^-1CWP干预组有效降低了HS诱导的大鼠肝组织病理学改变; CWP降低了大鼠肝活性氧（ROS）及丙二醛（MDA）水平,增加了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平,400 mg·kg^-1的CWP干预效果最好（P<0.01）。结果提示,CWP干预能够以剂量依赖性方式降低大鼠肝氧化应激,增加抗氧化系统防御能力,从而缓解HS所致大鼠肝损伤。  相似文献   

Developmental competence of heat stressed oocytes from Holstein and Limousine cows matured in vitro     

Konstantina Stamperna  Eleni Dovolou  Themistoklis Giannoulis  Maria Kalemkeridou  Ioannis Nanas  Katerina Dadouli  Katerina Moutou  Zissis Mamuris  Georgios S. Amiridis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(10):1302-1314

The negative effects of heat stress on dairy cattle's fertility have been extensively studied, but the relevant knowledge for beef cattle is rather limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of HS during in vitro maturation on the developmental potential of oocytes derived from Limousine and Holstein cows and to estimate the effect of the differential gene expression of important genes in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts in the growth competence between the breeds. In seven replicates, cumulus oocyte complexes from Holstein and Limousine cows were matured for 24 hr at 39°C (controls C; Hol_39, Lim_39) or at 41°C from hour 2 to hour 8 of IVM (treated T; Hol_41, Lim_41), fertilized, and presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days at 39°C. Cleavage and embryo formation rates were evaluated 48 hr post-insemination and on days 7, 8 and 9, respectively. From all groups, subsets of cumulus cells, oocytes and blastocysts were analysed for the relative expression of genes related to metabolism, stress, apoptosis and placentation. No difference was detected in cleavage rate or in blastocyst formation rate among the control groups. In both breeds, heat stress reduced blastocyst yield, but at all days the suppression was higher in Limousines. In Holsteins, altered gene expression was detected in cumulus cells (G6PD, GLUT1) and blastocysts (PLAC8), while in Limousines, differences were found in oocytes (G6PD, HSP90AA1), in cumulus cells (CPT1B, HSP90AA1, SOD2) and blastocysts (DNMT, HSP90AA1, SOD2). It appears that Holstein COCs are more tolerant than Limousine COCs, possibly due to compulsory, production driven selection.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic findings of the corpus luteum and the gravid uterus during heat stress in dairy cattle     

Ioannis Nanas  Mariana Barbagianni  Katerina Dadouli  Eleni Dovolou  Georgios S Amiridis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(10):1329-1341

The objectives of this study were to assess alterations in, echogenic appearance, size and blood flow in the corpus luteum, the placentomes and the blood flow in umbilical and uterine arteries that heat stress can cause in cooled pregnant dairy cows. Pregnant cows were allocated in two groups and the gravid uteri, along with the ipsilateral corpora lutea were examined during the winter (group W, n = 9) or the summer (group S, n = 10). The grey-scale ultrasound and colour flow imaging of the corpus luteum and placentome were performed. In addition, the umbilical and uterine artery diameters and haemodynamic parameters in the vessels were calculated. At the time of ultrasonographic examination, cortisol concentrations were higher, and progesterone levels tended to be lower in group S compared to group W. The grey-scale ultrasound evaluation of corpora lutea and placentomes was lower in group S compared to group W. The diameter of umbilical artery and the blood volume in the vessel were less in group S than in group W. We infer that heat stress affects foetal blood supply and possibly the structure of placentomes and corpora lutea, but it differently affects the blood flow characteristics in the umbilical and uterine arteries.  相似文献