Economic feasibility of goldfish (Carassius auratus Linn.) recirculating aquaculture system          下载免费PDF全文

Tanveer Mohammad  Sanjib Moulick  Chanchal K Mukherjee 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):2945-2953

Economic analysis of a goldfish (Carassius auratus Linn.) recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with rearing tank capacity of 5 m³ (RT5) has been evaluated based on two culture period in 2009 and 2010. The stocking density of goldfish was kept at 100 numbers per m³ of rearing water volume. Furthermore, based on the data obtained from RT5, four more hypothetical RASs of rearing tank capacities of 10 m³ (RT10), 20 m³ (RT20), 50 m³ (RT50) and 100 m³ (RT100) were conceptualized for economic analysis that assess and compare the effects of economies of scale on profitability. The payback period, accounting rate of return (ARR), net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI) and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) were evaluated for the different water volumes (up to 100 m³) assuming project life to be 10 years. The economic analysis revealed that a goldfish RAS with rearing tank capacity 20 m³ onwards can be feasible with a payback period less than 4 years, accounting rate of return 54%, net present value of Rs 241820 and modified internal rate of return of 23%. Sensitivity analyses revealed that market price of fish was most sensitive followed by survival rate, labour, maintenance, FCR, initial investment, discount rate, electricity cost and feed cost respectively. Interestingly, feed cost was found to be the least sensitive one.  相似文献   

Empowering high seas governance with satellite vessel tracking data          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel C Dunn  Caroline Jablonicky  Guillermo O Crespo  Douglas J McCauley  David A Kroodsma  Kristina Boerder  Kristina M Gjerde  Patrick N Halpin 《Fish and Fisheries》2018,19(4):729-739

Between 1950 and 1989, marine fisheries catch in the open‐ocean and deep‐sea beyond 200 nautical miles from shore increased by a factor of more than 10. While high seas catches have since plateaued, fishing effort continues to increase linearly. The combination of increasing effort and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing has led to overfishing of target stocks and declines in biodiversity. To improve management, there have been numerous calls to increase monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS). However, MCS has been unevenly implemented, undermining efforts to sustainably use high seas and straddling stocks and protect associated species and ecosystems. The United Nations General Assembly is currently negotiating a new international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). The new treaty offers an excellent opportunity to address discrepancies in how MCS is applied across regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). This paper identifies ways that automatic identification system (AIS) data can inform MCS on the high seas and thereby enhance conservation and management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions. AIS data can be used to (i) identify gaps in governance to underpin the importance of a holistic scope for the new agreement; (ii) monitor area‐based management tools; and (iii) increase the capacity of countries and RFMOs to manage via the technology transfer. Any new BBNJ treaty should emphasize MCS and the role of electronic monitoring including the use of AIS data, as well as government–industry–civil society partnerships to ensure critically important technology transfer and capacity building.  相似文献   

轮耕条件下土壤改良及春玉米增产增收效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王平  陈娟  谢成俊  王国宇  温健  张丽娟 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(5):59-67

针对旱作区长期采用单一的土壤耕作方式造成的土壤结构变差及作物生长发育受限等问题,研究由免耕、深松及翻耕组成的不同轮作模式对干旱区春玉米土壤肥力及产量的影响具有重要生产意义。于2014—2016年在兰州市榆中县清水驿乡孟家山村玉米田开展连续免耕(NT)、连续深松(ST)、连续翻耕(PT)、深松、免耕及深松轮耕(ST/NT/ST)、免耕、免耕和深松轮耕(NT/NT/ST)、翻耕、免耕及翻耕轮耕(PT/NT/PT)、翻耕、免耕及深松轮耕(PT/NT/ST)和深松、翻耕及深松轮耕(ST/PT/ST) 8种耕作模式试验,测定8种耕作模式下的土壤孔隙度、土壤养分、干物质和玉米产量,并分析其经济效益。结果表明:在0～60 cm土层,随着土层的增加土壤孔隙度表现为先降后增,以20～40 cm土层的土壤孔隙度最低。5种轮耕措施较耕作前均能增加土壤孔隙度,以ST/PT/ST轮耕模式最优,其次为ST/NT/ST,较PT提高了1.24%、0.25%;土壤养分含量在0～20 cm土层均高于20～40 cm土层,其中,0～20 cm土层免耕与深松进行轮耕下土壤全氮、全磷含量较高,以ST/NT/ST全氮、磷含量最高,20～40 cm土层,对土壤全氮、全磷含量无显著影响,翻耕与深松轮作促进了速效氮、磷、钾的提高,以ST/PT/ST速效氮、磷、钾含量高,免耕土壤有机质含量较其它耕作方式低,其余土壤养分指标为表层富集,下层匮乏;轮耕模式较单一的耕作方式更能促进玉米干物质的累积,其中以ST/NT/ST与PT/NT/PT耕作下玉米干物质高,频繁的翻耕(PT)不利于玉米的生长; 3年产量相比,8种耕作模式中,ST/NT/ST处理下玉米产量显著高于其它处理(ST/NT/STNT/NT/STST/PT/STSTNTPT/NT/ST PT/NT/PT PT)。较单一耕作(NT、ST、PT),ST/NT/ST处理下玉米产量提高了5. 97%、3. 56%、15.75%;且以ST/NT/ST经济效益最高。结论:深松、免耕及深松轮耕有利于改善耕层结构和提高土壤养分,增产增效显著,为旱作区春玉米农田适宜的轮耕模式。  相似文献   

Large reductions in pesticides made possible by use of an insect‐trapping lamp: a case study in a winter wheat‐summer maize rotation system          下载免费PDF全文

Liyue Guo  Mahmud Abdimuratovich Muminov  Guanglei Wu  Xiaotian Liang  Caihong Li  Jie Meng  Lijun Li  Da Cheng  Yanjie Song  Xian Gu  Jianshe Zhao  Gaoming Jiang 《Pest management science》2018,74(7):1728-1735

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海蜇Frizzled1基因的克隆及在无性繁殖中的表达     

潘滢  朱玲  周春娅  陈四清  庄志猛 《中国水产科学》2018,25(6):1335-1346

采用RACE技术解析了海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)Frizzled1基因的cDNA和基因组结构:Re-Fzd1基因的全长cDNA为2387 bp,其中编码区为1761bp,编码586个氨基酸的多肽。SMART分析表明,Re-Fzd1基因具备Fzd家族共同的结构特征,包括:一个由23个氨基酸组成的信号肽,一个位于N-末端富含10个保守半胱氨酸残基的半胱氨酸富集域(CRD),一个含有7个跨膜片段的跨膜结构域,以及一个含有5个重要的磷酸化位点的C端尾巴。多序列比对表明,Re-Fzd1基因与刺胞动物贝螅(Hydra echinata)、水螅(Hydra vulgaris)、半球美螅水母(Clytia hemisphaerica)和海葵(Nematostella vectensis)Fzd1具有高度相似性,与来自脊椎动物人(Homo sapiens)、鼠(Mus musculus)、爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的Fzd1、Fzd2和Fzd7家族基因也具有较高的同源性。基于N-J法,将人、鼠、爪蟾、斑马鱼和果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)所有Fzd家族基因系统进化分析显示,除果蝇外,所有Fzd家族成员聚类成4个类群,11个亚家族,海蜇Re-Fzd1基因首先与刺胞动物门的Fzd1聚类在一起,然后与脊椎动物Fzd1、Fzd2和Fzd7三个家族聚成一个类群,表明脊椎动物Fzd1、Fzd2和Fzd7家族可能与刺胞动物门的Fzd1起源于同一个共同祖先。Re-Fzd1基因组序列中不含有内含子。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Re-Fzd1基因在海蜇无性繁殖的4个发育阶段均有表达,其中,表达量最高的横裂体阶段是表达量最低的稚水母阶段的3.67倍。整体原位杂交显示,在海蜇横裂体时期,Re-Fzd1原位表达在触手、基座及发生横裂的部位。这些结果都表明,Re-Fzd1不但参与了海蜇的早期发育过程,还调控了海蜇无性繁殖的发生。  相似文献   

The worth of giants: The consumptive and non‐consumptive use value of the giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas)          下载免费PDF全文

《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(2):296-304

社会工作及社会组织管理香港高级研修班 研习心得          下载免费PDF全文

李晓珏 《现代农业研究》2018,(9):67-68

本文主要是针对此次社会工作及社会组织管理香港高级研修班学习的一些经验做梳 理与总结,其中包括参观访问,培训讲座以及经验分享。  相似文献   

Agronomic,forage quality and economic advantages of red pea (Lathyrus cicera L.) intercropping with wheat and oat under low‐input farming          下载免费PDF全文

D. N. Vlachostergios  A. S. Lithourgidis  C. A. Dordas 《Grass and Forage Science》2018,73(3):777-788

Red pea–cereal intercropping could provide animal feed with agronomic and economic advantages. The growth rate, forage yield, quality, interspecific competition and financial outcome of intercrops of red pea (Lathyrus cicera L.) with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) in two different seeding ratios (60:40, 80:20) were estimated. Growth rate of species was lower in the intercrops than in monocrops, especially in red pea–oat intercrops due to the strong competitive ability of oat. Red pea–oat intercrop of 60:40 produced the highest biomass (10.83 Mg/ha) and crude protein yield (1,116 kg/ha). Land equivalent ratio (LER) values were greater for the red pea with wheat (1.13) and oat 60:40 (1.09) indicating an advantage of intercropping in terms of dry‐matter (DM) yield, while red pea:oat 60:40 ranked first for LER for nitrogen yield. Aggressivity and partial actual yield loss indicated cereals as the dominant species. The highest monetary advantage index was recorded for the red pea:wheat 60:40 and the highest intercropping advantage value was recorded for the red pea:oat 80:20. In conclusion, most intercrops of red pea with wheat and oat showed significant advantages relative to their monocrops due to better DM production, resource‐use efficiency and economics under low‐input farming.  相似文献   

福建省长汀县生态环境建设与经济发展的协调关系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

范胜龙  张珊珊  邱凌婧  王培俊  黄炎和 《中国农业大学学报》2018,23(3):175-184

以福建省长汀县为研究区域,建立生态和经济发展评价指标体系,基于功效函数模型和协调度模型,运用熵权法和多因素综合评价法,对该区域1985—2015年的生态建设与经济发展的协调状况进行分析。结果表明:1)功效函数模型结果表明,1985—2000年长汀县生态系统协调性呈上升趋势,1995和2000年分别达到中度和高度协调的水平,但2000年以后,生态系统协调性逐渐下降。1985—2015年经济系统协调性持续上升,经济发展协调性较好。2)协调度和协调发展度模型结果表明,长汀县生态与经济协调度在1985—2000年保持持续上升的状态,2001—2015年生态与经济协调度在整体转好的同时,也出现下行波动。3)长汀县生态系统和经济系统还存在人口压力、经济结构不合理、水土流失问题局部反弹等问题,生态环境治理和保护力度还有待加强。  相似文献   

土地利用环境功能与区域经济增长的耦合协调发展研究——以张家口市为例     

张小雪  许月卿  孙丕苓  刘超 《中国农业大学学报》2018,23(5):159-167

为研究土地利用环境功能与区域经济之间的协调发展关系,以河北省张家口市为例,建立土地利用环境功能评价指标体系,利用综合指数法,分析张家口市土地利用环境功能演变特征;运用耦合协调度模型,探究张家口市土地利用环境功能与经济发展的耦合协调关系。结果表明,2000—2013年张家口市土地利用环境功能呈波动增长的趋势,其与经济发展的耦合关系经历了轻度失调到良好协调的上升过程。并据此,针对张家口市土地利用环境功能与社会经济之间的协调发展关系提出相关建议。  相似文献