不同水分条件天鹅湖高寒湿地土壤线虫群落结构对氮沉降的响应     

陈康怡  韩耀光  王家力  申志博  杨贝贝  赵一  朱新萍  贾宏涛 《农业环境科学学报》2023,42(10):2244-2253

为探究氮沉降对干旱区高寒湿地土壤线虫群落结构的影响,本研究以天山中部的巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地为样地,选取2个不同水分条件区域,分别喷施3个不同浓度氮素,开展野外原位模拟氮沉降控制试验,研究不同水分条件土壤线虫群落结构对氮沉降的响应。结果表明：地表季节性积水条件土壤线虫群落的优势属主要为前矛线属（Prodorylamus,29.30%）,地表常年干燥条件土壤线虫群落的优势属是前矛线属（Prodorylamus,18.69%）、Laimydorus（20.21%）和螺旋属（Helicotylenchus,33.48%）;在土壤水分和氮添加的共同作用下,杂食/捕食类线虫（OP）和食真菌类线虫（FU）丰度升高,植物寄生类线虫（PP）丰度降低;地表常年干燥条件下,氮添加对土壤线虫群落各生态指数影响不显著。在地表季节性积水条件下,随着氮添加浓度上升,富集指数（EI）和成熟度指数（PPI）先下降后上升,但氮添加对土壤线虫群落香农威尔指数（H）和优势度指数（λ）无显著影响,20 kg·hm^-2·a^-1氮添加会促进干旱区高寒湿地土壤有机质分解途径由细菌向真菌分解途径发展。土壤含水量、土壤电导率和碱解氮是影响土壤线虫群落结构的主要因素。研究表明,氮沉降增加会影响土壤线虫群落中不同营养类群的丰度,但对土壤线虫群落结构多样性和干旱区高寒湿地土壤生态系统稳定性影响较小。  相似文献   

不同土壤处理对番茄根结线虫防治效果及产量的影响     

王付彬  张传伟  王淑霞  张琴  翟红梅  王南南  马井玉  王玉国  冷鹏 《蔬菜》2021,(10):52-56

为了建立安全、高效、绿色的蔬菜根结线虫防治技术,研究了"臭氧水+生物菌肥+噻唑膦""臭氧水+生物菌肥+阿维菌素""臭氧水+生物菌肥""生物菌肥+噻唑膦"及生物菌肥5种土壤处理对设施番茄根结线虫病的防治效果和产量的影响。结果表明:以臭氧水为基础组配的土壤处理防治根结线虫,对秋冬茬、冬春茬2茬番茄根结线虫病的防效均在90.0%及以上,对番茄产量的恢复或增加效果明显,其中"臭氧水+噻唑膦+生物菌肥"土壤处理对番茄根结线虫防治效果最好,"臭氧水+生物菌肥"土壤处理最为安全、经济,且防治效果较好,建议广大菜农积极应用。  相似文献   

The use of infrared spectroscopy and machine learning tools for detection of Meloidogyne infestations     

Ernesto San-Blas  Gabriel Paba  Néstor Cubillán  Edgar Portillo  Ana M. Casassa-Padrón  César González-González  Mayamarú Guerra 《Plant pathology》2020,69(8):1589-1600

Plant parasitic nematodes are generally soilborne pathogens that attack plants and cause economic losses in many crops. The infested plants show nonspecific symptoms or, often, are symptomless; therefore, diagnosis is performed by taking soil and root tissue samples. Here, we show that a combination of different infrared spectra analysis and machine learning algorithms can be used to detect plant parasitic nematode infestations before symptoms become visible, using leaves instead of roots and soil as samples. We found that tomato and guava plants infested with Meloidogyne enterorlobii produced different spectral patterns compared to uninfested plants. Using partial spectra from 1,450 to 900/cm as the "fingerprint region", principal component analyses indicated that after 5 (tomatoes) or 8 weeks (guava), plants with no visible symptoms of infestations were positively diagnosed. To improve the early detection response, we used machine learning modelling. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to obtain more robust, accurate models. The SVM model contained 34 support vectors, 17 for each level. The overall performance of the model was >97% and the total accuracy was significantly higher, demonstrating the absence of chance prediction. The best prediction of infestation was obtained at the second and fourth weeks for tomatoes and guavas, respectively, reducing the diagnostic time by half. The combined application of these techniques reduces the processing time from field to laboratory and shows enormous advantages by avoiding root and soil sampling.  相似文献   

粉红螺旋聚孢霉NF-06固体发酵条件优化及对南方根结线虫的防治效果          下载免费PDF全文

张洁  郭雪萍  夏明聪  孙润红  武超  刘红彦  杨丽荣  张猛 《中国生物防治学报》2020,36(1):105-112

南方根结线虫是一种严重危害我国蔬菜安全生产的土传病害，生产上亟需一种有效的防控方法。本研究从根结线虫卵囊中分离到一株生防真菌NF-06，通过形态学和分子生物学方法将其鉴定为粉红螺旋聚孢霉Clonostachys rosea。通过离体活性测定的方法测定NF-06发酵滤液对根结线虫2龄幼虫的致死作用，发现24、48和72 h后2龄幼虫的相对死亡率分别达63.6%，75.5%和87.0%。以产孢量为指标，优化菌株NF-06固体发酵条件，确定最佳基础培养基为麦麸和麦秸秆混合物，其比例为4：1（wt/wt），在基础培养基中添加10%玉米粉、2%蚕豆粉和0.05% KH₂PO₄可获得最大产孢量；最优培养条件为初始pH值7.0，初始含水量40%，接种量5%，产孢量达8.9×10¹⁰ CFU/g。室内盆栽防治效果测定显示，菌株NF-06固体发酵物能够有效降低土壤中的线虫数量和番茄根结指数，其中5 g/株穴施处理的线虫减退率和防治效果分别达67.9%和69.6%。本研究为生物杀线虫剂的开发和利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

24份葡萄种质抗根结线虫特性的田间自然鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙海生  王忠跃  樊秀彩  刘崇怀  王姣 《中国南方果树》2008,37(1):56-59

用两种抗性鉴定标准分别对田间的20份葡萄砧木和4份鲜食葡萄品种对葡萄根结线虫的抗性进行了鉴定。结果表明,欧亚种葡萄和欧美杂交种葡萄抗性最低,山平氏葡萄表现为免疫,河岸葡萄表现比较复杂,从中等到免疫都有;河岸葡萄和西班牙葡萄与其他种杂交的后代对根结线虫也表现出较好的抗性。  相似文献   

Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy cattle in the Macalister Irrigation District of Victoria          下载免费PDF全文

SL Bullen  DS Beggs  PD Mansell  DJ Runciman  J Malmo  MC Playford  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(1-2):35-41

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Periparturient rise in Martinik Hair Sheep and perspectives for gastrointestinal nematode control     

Mahieu M  Aumont G 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(6):387-390

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‘99昆明世博会参展植物寄生线虫的检疫初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖枢  喻盛甫 《植物检疫》1999,13(4):200-203

本次博览会参展植物种类多,来源广,带土普遍疫情复杂。在严处国内外的参展植物中截获矛线目和垫刃目的１３个科的５６个属,其中在参展植物中截获我国对外检疫潜在危险性线。  相似文献   

昆虫病原线虫抗干燥能力研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈松笔  杨怀文  栾显群  杨秀芬  简恒 《中国生物防治》1999,15(3):100-103

对１５种２４个品系的昆虫病原线虫进行抗干燥能力研究,结果表明,昆虫病原线虫种类不同,其抗干燥能力也不同。在２５℃、相对湿度５０．５％的小空间控制器中处理９小时后,Ｓｔｅｉｎ┐ｅｒｎｅｍａｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ仍具有较高的存活率,其余种类几乎全部死亡。同一种线虫的不同品系,其抗干燥能力也存在差异。在Ｓ．ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ的４个品系Ａ２４、Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ、ＣＢ┐１６和Ｍｅｘ中,ＣＢ┐１６具有较高的抗干燥能力,经干燥处理后其存活率最高,达８５．３％,加水复苏后的线虫对大蜡螟的致死率为１００％,侵入率高达１９．９％％。  相似文献   

Larval pigmentation, survival and growth of Penaeus indicus fed the nematode Panagrellus redivivus enriched with astaxanthin and various lipids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Kumlu  D.J. Fletcher  & C.M. Fisher 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1998,4(3):193-200

The highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content of the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus was successfully increased when three different lipid sources (cod-liver oil, marilla oil and capelin oil) from marine animals were used in the nematode culture medium. The lipid enrichment significantly increased the ω3 HUFA content, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), of the nematodes compared with lipid non-enriched nematodes. Penaeus indicus larvae fed the lipid-enriched nematodes had significantly ( P < 0.05) greater larval survival (69–77%) until metamorphosis than those fed non-enriched nematodes (54%).
This nematode species was also enriched with astaxanthin to determine the effects of this carotenoid on pigmentation, survival and growth during the larval development of P. indicus . The pigment, delivered via nematodes, significantly ( P < 0.05) improved larval coloration and survival (88%) compared with that of placebo-pigmented nematodes (78%). However, there was no strong evidence to show the benefit of either pigment and/or lipid enrichment on larval growth and development of P. indicus .
This study has shown that the nutritional value of the nematodes can be enhanced by the addition of fish oil into the culture medium. Supplementation of EPA and DHA, together with synthetic astaxanthin, allow the nematodes to be used as a sole diet for the larval culture of P. indicus .  相似文献