Biology,incidence and host susceptibility of Pineus boerneri (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Colombian pine plantations     

Carlos A Rodas  Rubén Serna  Maria D Bolaños  Ginna M Granados  Michael J Wingfield 《Southern Forests》2015,77(3):165-171

Adelgids (Hemiptera) in the genus Pineus have been reported as introduced insect pests causing serious losses to Pinus plantations worldwide. In 2008, Pineus boerneri was recorded for the first time in Colombia, with infestations noted on Pinus kesiya, P. tecunumanii, P. maximinoi and P. oocarpa. The lack of information on this insect in Colombia prompted investigations of its life cycle and infestation levels as well as host susceptibility of the main Pinus species planted in Colombia. In addition, the possibility of using a Ceraeochrysa species, an already established predator of adelgids in Colombia, for biological control was considered. Results showed that Pineus boerneri in Colombia has an anholocyclic life cycle comprised of four instars with a complete duration of between 49 and 97 d. Infestations were higher in the middle and upper part of trees. Pinus kesiya and P. maximinoi had the highest levels of susceptibility in field as well as in greenhouse trials. A survey of naturally infested trees showed P. tecunumanii to be moderately susceptible, whereas P. patula and P. oocarpa had low levels of susceptibility in a greenhouse trial but were not susceptible in the field. Investigations considering the impact of predation of Ceraeochrysa species showed a high predation rate of up to 140 P. boerneri consumed per day by a single Ceraeochrysa individual. Other predators of P. boerneri were recorded but were not sufficiently common to warrant detailed study.  相似文献   

玉黄金对春玉米茎秆显微结构及抗折强度的影响     

武敏桦  武佳颖  俞新华  张凯旋  卢海博  赵海超  刘子刚  黄智鸿 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(10):2402-2410

【目的】研究化控剂(30%胺鲜酯·乙烯利水剂以下称玉黄金)对春玉米茎秆显微结构及抗折强度的影响。【方法】选取京农科728和金农738为材料,测定不同种植密度下喷施玉黄金后春玉米茎秆抗折强度,利用光学显微镜观察其茎节的显微结构,对维管束各项显微结构与茎秆抗折强度进行相关分析及通径分析。【结果】维管束数目对茎秆抗折强度的直接影响最大,且呈极显著负相关为-0.760;与木质部面积呈极显著正相关为0.970;与单个维管束平均面积、维管束最大直径和表皮细胞厚呈显著正相关分别为0.661、0.659和0.632。【结论】京农科728和金农738在不同种植密度下,喷施浓度为200 mg/L的玉黄金后茎秆单位面积内维管束数目减少、表皮厚度增厚、维管束最大直径最大、抗折强度提高,抗倒性增强。  相似文献   

微生物菌剂对金银花生长和品质的调控     

王琳  胡凯基  及华  李洪涛  李运朝  李超楠  章丽 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(12):2817-2823

为探究3种不同微生物菌剂（生物冲施肥、枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂和坤益健100）对金银花生长特性和品质的影响,采用田间小区试验,对金银花分别施用3种不同微生物菌剂,测定金银花相关生长指标、产量及品质。结果表明：坤益健100对金银花新稍长度和新生叶数提高效果明显,较空白对照分别提高59.67%和39.20%;生物冲施肥对叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率作用效果最佳,较对照分别提高10.06%、30.41%和22.75%;对金银花的增产效果表现为生物冲施肥>枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂>坤益健100,较对照分别增产51.04%、20.39%、9.40%;与对照相比,施用微生物菌剂后金银花中木犀草苷、绿原酸、浸出物含量明显提高,总灰分显著下降。研究表明,微生物菌剂对金银花生长、产量和品质提升效果显著,综合评价结果为生物冲施肥效果最佳,坤益健100次之。  相似文献   

噻虫嗪在棉叶中残留消解动态及对棉蚜的防治效果评价     

陈文静  赵静  张金磊  鲁立良  冯丽凯 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(9):1678-1684

【目的】研究噻虫嗪种衣剂在棉叶中的消解动态,评价其对棉蚜的防治效果。【方法】采用QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS方法,定期测定棉叶中噻虫嗪的含量,田间调查噻虫嗪种衣剂对棉蚜防治效果。【结果】0.01~0.50 mg/L线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999。在0.01、0.20、0.50 mg/kg添加水平下,噻虫嗪在棉叶中的平均回收率在93.4%~119.71%,相对标准偏差为0.34%~5.18%,方法检测限为0.001 mg/kg。噻虫嗪在棉叶中的消解动态符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为3.85~4.03 d。下部叶中噻虫嗪含量分别占各处理总浓度的59.42%~76.39%,噻虫嗪主要分布在下部叶片。出苗后30 d时,600 g/100kg处理防效最佳,仍可达87.90%。【结论】使用600 g/100kg浓度噻虫嗪种子处理,可较好地防治苗期蚜虫。  相似文献   

不同填充剂对农村厨余垃圾堆肥氮转化及相关功能基因的影响     

王佳  谷洁  王小娟  宋籽霖  徐良  于静  雷留生  代晓霞  赵文雅 《西北农业学报》2021,(12):1879-1888

试验以农村厨余垃圾为堆肥原料,设置添加15%锯末（SD）、15%树叶（FL）和15%玉米秸秆（CS）3个处理。研究不同填充剂的添加对农村厨余垃圾堆肥过程中与腐熟度相关的各种理化指标,氮转化及其相关功能基因的影响。结果表明,添加3种填充剂的厨余垃圾堆肥产物均达到无害化处理标准,相比较SD处理,FL和CS处理提高堆体的最高温度并延长高温期的持续时间,FL处理腐熟程度最好,CS处理次之。相较于SD和CS处理,FL处理的NH₃累积排放量分别减少33.81%和5.22%,N₂O累积排放分别减少61.75%和29.10%,堆肥前期的反硝化基因降低明显。冗余分析结果表明,C/N、pH和全氮是造成厨余垃圾堆肥氮转化功能基因变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

金属硫酸盐浸种对水稻种子萌发和秧苗镉吸收的影响     

董爱琴  李建国  杨涛  陈院华  徐昌旭  万辉  彭志平  谢杰 《浙江农业学报》2021,33(12):2213

为了解金属硫酸盐浸种对水稻种子萌发和秧苗吸收Cd等元素的影响,以水稻品种五丰优286为试验材料,选择多种浓度的硫酸亚铁(FeSO₄)、硫酸锌(ZnSO₄)和硫酸锰(MnSO₄)作为浸种剂进行室内催芽和水培试验,测定水稻胚根长、胚芽长、发芽率,以及秧苗中的Cd、Mg、B、P、K含量。结果显示,FeSO₄和MnSO₄浸种均可提高水稻的发芽率,促进胚根和胚芽生长,且能有效降低秧苗中的Cd含量;而ZnSO₄浸种对水稻胚根和胚芽的生长表现出明显的抑制作用,且会增加秧苗中的Cd含量。FeSO₄和MnSO₄浸种对水稻秧苗Mg、B、P、K的吸收无明显抑制作用,且FeSO₄浸种对秧苗B的吸收有促进作用。总的来看,FeSO₄和MnSO₄浸种具有较好的降低水稻Cd吸收的应用潜力,值得进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

在线评论特征对生鲜电商农产品销量的影响——来自淘宝羊肉大数据的证据     

胡雅淇  林海 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(6):206-218

为探索在线评论对生鲜电商运营效果的影响,本研究基于信息采纳模型的框架,搭建在线评论作用于销量的理论模型,以生鲜羊肉产品为研究对象,利用Python爬虫的数据采集方式,获取淘宝平台上所有生鲜羊肉产品的月度截面数据,运用"OLS+稳健标准误"逐步回归的方法,从农产品销量的维度分析在线评论的影响,探讨评论区域中获取的评论数量、评论长度、差评数量和可视化评论对生鲜电商农产品销量的直接作用及交互效应。结果表明:在线评论数量、可视化评论能够显著提高生鲜农产品销量,差评数量则会明显降低生鲜电商的销量,而评论长度作用于生鲜农产品销量的效果并不显著。在线评论特征间的交互效应分析表明,差评能够削弱图片以及评论数量对销量的正向作用,图片能够加强评论长度对销量的积极作用,而差评的负面作用能够被评论长度进行一定程度的中和。因此,生鲜电商经营应当注重差评反映的意见,规避差评的重复出现;采用合理措施鼓励消费者进行评论,且撰写含有图片、评论字数较多的评价,均是增进信任机制、促进生鲜电商销量行之有效的办法。  相似文献   

不同保鲜剂对石竹梅切花保鲜效果的研究     

贺芬芬 《现代农业科技》2021,(9)

本文主要用蔗糖、柠檬酸、硝酸钙配制的不同配方的保鲜剂对石竹梅鲜切花进行瓶插试验,观察了不同配方的保鲜剂在当地自然条件下对切花外观品质和瓶插寿命的影响,从中筛选出石竹梅切花的较佳保鲜配方。试验研究表明,2%的蔗糖+100mg/L柠檬酸+0.2%硝酸钙的保鲜剂配方对石竹梅切花保鲜效果是最好的,比未经处理的石竹梅鲜切花瓶插寿命延长6-8天。  相似文献   

神经网络在农产品销量预测中的应用     

崔云浩  朱军  孟浩 《现代农业科技》2021,17(17)

随着农业大数据发展和计算机技术的不断成熟,人们能够快速准确地获得信息。在大数据背景下,利用传统的时间序列模型对农产品销量进行预测已经不能满足人们的需求,神经网络凭借其强大的非线性映射能力在销量预测领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了国内外学者应用在农产品销量预测上的主要方法,介绍了神经网络在农产品销量预测领域的应用,客观阐述了神经网络在预测中可能存在的问题,并展望未来农产品销量预测研究发展方向,以期为农产品市场稳定协调发展提供参考。  相似文献   

Long-Term Follow-up of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis Treated by a Single Intralesional Injection of a ReGeneraTing Agent in 51 Horses     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014,34(11-12):1357-1360

ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTA) are nanopolysaccharides engineered to mimic heparan sulfates and have been shown to stimulate tissue repair and healing (skin, cornea, gingival, and muscle) in several animal models of injury and in human medicine. A preliminary study, monocentric and uncontrolled, was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a dedicated RGTA (named Equitend) in improving the healing quality of the injured tendon after a single and ultrasound-guided intralesional injection. Improvement of ultrasonographic appearance of tendinous or ligamentous lesion was documented at least over 4 months in Equitend-treated horses and was further supported by another study on superficial digital flexor tendonitis, in 51 horses (16 French Standardbred trotters (ST), 13 Thoroughbreds (TB), and 22 eventers). Long-term follow-up of these horses showed high rates of return to racing, with 95% of eventers, 87.5% of French ST, and 77% of TB. The mean duration before the first race or competition was 6.6 and 7.4 months for ST and eventers, respectively. The group of 16 treated ST was then compared with a matched control group, showing that the Equitend-treated group was able to return to a higher level of earning after lesion (74% vs. 15% in the control group). Furthermore, the Equitend-treated group was back in racing 2.4 months earlier than the control group.  相似文献