加拿大转基因马铃薯田间试验概况     

瞿勇  吴承金  李大春  沈艳芬 《湖北农业科学》2011,(21):4334-4336

对1990～2010年加拿大转基因马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)田间试验的相关数据进行分析,揭示了加拿大转基因马铃薯田间试验的变化特点和趋势。20年间,加拿大先后受理了593次转基因马铃薯的田间试验,占加拿大转基因作物田间试验总次数的6.8%,涉及到6个主要目标性状、3家研究机构和9个试验地点。此外,还分析了加拿大转基因马铃薯田间试验变化的趋势及相关的影响因素,从而为我国转基因作物的发展提供参考。  相似文献   

Biological diversity of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-3) in a northern potato-cultivation environment in Finland     

M. J. Lehtonen  P. Ahvenniemi  P. S. Wilson  M. German-Kinnari  J. P. T. Valkonen 《Plant pathology》2008,57(1):141-151

A total of 119 isolates of Rhizoctonia were collected from stem canker lesions, stolon and root lesions, hymenia on stems, or from black scurf on tubers of potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum ) in Finland (latitudes 60–67°N). All isolates except three belonged to anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) of R. solani , as determined by phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS1 and ITS2) of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Sensitivity of the 119 isolates to the fungicide flutolanil was tested in vitro (EC₅₀ values 0·14–0·75  µ g active ingredient mL⁻¹). The isolates also varied considerably in growth rate (5·1–14·8 mm day⁻¹). The severity of disease caused by 99 isolates was determined based on the proportion of potato sprouts affected by lesions, discoloration or death, which was c . 1–60%. Only two isolates that were able to cause severe symptoms showed particularly low sensitivity to the fungicide and rapid growth rate. One isolate each of anastomosis groups AG-2-1 and AG-5 and an unknown, binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. were detected. The AG-5 isolate and the binucleate isolate caused mild symptoms on potato sprouts, whereas the AG-2-1 isolate was not pathogenic. Taken together, AG-3 of R. solani was the predominant causal agent of the stem canker and black scurf diseases of potato in Finland and showed considerable variability in disease severity, fungicide sensitivity and growth rate in vitro .  相似文献   

粤北马铃薯品种比较试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

马崇坚  罗家龙 《广东农业科学》2011,38(5):34-36

为筛选出适合粤北山区冬种的优质马铃薯品种,对经前期初步筛选的4个优质马铃薯品种进行了对比试验.结果表明,荷兰薯16号(F)为早熟品种,薯形好,品质、商品薯率、产量等综合性状最佳,鄂马铃薯1号(E1)次之,两品种具有较好的推广前景.桂红皮1号(G)和韶引I号(S)为中晚熟品种,中小薯偏多,增产潜力大,但需进一步试验.  相似文献   

中国马铃薯产地贮运工程技术分类与集成     

孙洁  王希卓  黄振霖  孙海亭  程勤阳  朱明 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(2)

针对中国马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)产业发展的问题,深入调研马铃薯四大主产区,分析归纳了现有产地贮运工程技术,并采用线性分类法进行技术分类。按技术属性和特征,以大类、中类、小类、子类逐次将马铃薯产地贮运技术划分为相应的类目,将其纳入农产品产地加工与储藏工程技术体系,揭示其结构与功能。同时,对目前使用较广的技术进行集成,总结得到5种技术集成方案,提出了适于种植专业合作社、家庭农场和企业等新型经营主体的技术集成。  相似文献   

武汉市马铃薯高产栽培技术     

张良兴  祝海英  李仁政  魏武 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(14)

武汉市种植马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)在播种前15~20 d要进行催芽,以打破休眠。以冬春马铃薯和秋马铃薯种植为主,冬春马铃薯播期在1月中旬至2月中旬,采取深沟高垄地膜覆盖,单产1 500~2 500 kg/667 m~2,高产可以达3 000 kg/667 m~2,秋马铃薯分旱地种植和稻田免耕种植两种,旱地种植采取深沟高垄地膜覆盖,播期在8月中旬至9月底,稻田免耕最适播期是9月中旬,最迟在9月底之前播完,秋马铃薯单产1 500 kg/667 m~2,稻田免耕稻草覆盖约2 000 kg/667 m~2。  相似文献   

Relative importance of seed‐tuber and soilborne inoculum in causing black dot disease of potato     

A. K. Lees  J. L. Brierley  J. A. Stewart  A. J. Hilton  S. J. Wale  P. Gladders  N. J. Bradshaw  J. C. Peters 《Plant pathology》2010,59(4):693-702

Controlled‐environment and field experiments were done to quantify the individual contribution of seed‐tuber and soilborne inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes in causing black dot disease of potato tubers. Seed‐tuber and soilborne inocula of C. coccodes were quantified using an existing real‐time PCR assay and related to subsequent incidence and severity of disease. In four field trials, a controlled‐environment experiment and through the monitoring of 122 commercial crops, seed‐tuber inoculum was found to be relatively less important than soilborne inoculum in causing black dot, and the level of seed‐tuber inoculum did not significantly affect either the incidence or severity of disease or the percentage of progeny tubers deemed unmarketable. By contrast, soilborne inoculum had the potential to result in high levels of disease and the level of C. coccodes soil infestation (pg DNA g^?1 soil) was found to have a significant effect. At soil infestation levels below 100 pg DNA C. coccodes g^?1 soil, 7% of commercial crops had an incidence of black dot greater than 20%, increasing to 40% and 57% of crops at levels of 100–1000 pg g^?1 and >1000 pg g^?1 soil, respectively. These arbitrary threshold levels for soilborne inoculum related to disease risk are discussed. Interpretation of disease risk based on inoculum levels must, in the future, be informed by agronomic variables and potential control strategies.  相似文献   

马铃薯花色素苷及其遗传研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈海霞  聂先舟  刘明月  熊兴耀 《中国农业科学》2010,43(8):1634-1642

综述了马铃薯花色素苷的种类、含量及抗氧化特性,比较了二倍体遗传模型和四倍体遗传模型花色素相关基因及克隆,重点阐述了基因R和P的克隆与表达。  相似文献   

Optimization of PCR System in EST-SSR Analysis of Phytophthora infestans     

WANG Jianan  LU Wenhe  JIN Guanghui  BAI Yamei  LI Wenxia  HAN Yingpeng 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2010,17(1):20-26

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans Montagne de Bary is a devastating disease on potato production. A total of six parameters affecting the PCR system in P. infestans were investigated based on the template DNA of the isolate HH06-23 and EST-SSR primer pair Pi08N. The results showed that the optimal annealing temperature was 63℃, and the optimum PCR system of EST-SSR was 25 ng template DNA, 0.5 mmol·L-1 dNTPs, 2 μL 10×Buffer (Mg 2+ free), 1.75 mmol·L-1 MgCl 2 , 15 pmol primer, and 1.2 U Taq DNA polymerase in total 20 μL reaction system. The PCR program was initial denaturation at 94℃ for 2 min, followed by 35 cycles of 94℃ for 30 s, 63℃ for 30 s, and 72℃ for 30 s, then a final extension step was 72℃ for 7 min, and held at 4℃. In addition, using the optimal PCR system, a total of 20 isolates of P. infestans were used for testing the stability and polymorphism of the PCR amplification. The clarity and abundant polymorphism indicated that this system was stable and suitable for researching the genetic diversity of P. infestans population.  相似文献   

马铃薯温光反应及其与内源激素关系的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

肖关丽  郭华春 《中国农业科学》2010,43(7):1500-1507

【目的】研究不同温光条件下马铃薯生长、块茎形成及其与内源GA3、ABA和JA的关系,为云南省马铃薯周年均衡生产及品种引进提供依据。【方法】选用云南主栽的4个马铃薯品种——大西洋、合作88、米拉和中甸红,设15℃8 h、15℃12 h、15℃16 h、25℃8 h、25℃12 h和25℃16 h共6个温光处理,观察不同温光条件下马铃薯生长及块茎形成,并对不同温光条件下的内源GA3、ABA和JA进行测定分析。【结果】马铃薯不同品种对温度和光照的敏感性存在差异,大西洋对温度反应较敏感,25℃高温条件下,8 h、12 h和16 h三个光照处理后均无块茎形成,合作88对光照反应较敏感,在16 h长日光照条件下,15℃、25℃两个温度处理后均无块茎形成, 中甸红在高温和长日照（25℃16 h）的共同作用下无块茎形成,米拉在所有温光处理下均有块茎形成。不同温光条件下马铃薯叶片内源GA3、ABA和JA测定分析结果表明,GA3在无块茎形成的温光条件下含量较高而在块茎形成温光条件下含量显著降低,ABA和JA含量无论在何种温光条件下都随马铃薯生育进程持续增高。【结论】GA3是抑制结薯的重要因子,ABA和JA含量升高与植株衰老的关系比与块茎形成的关系更为密切。  相似文献   

马铃薯优良品种的筛选与综合评价     

赵娜  贾景丽  周芳  张昱 《湖北农业科学》2016,(24):6364-6366

引进13个马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)品种进行了比较试验。结果表明,中薯13号、克新22号和克新23号生育期在90 d以内,为中早熟品种,每667 m~2产量分别为2 995.7、2 583.2、3 063.1 kg,较对照增产57.37%、35.70%、60.90%,比较适合在二季作地区种植推广;克新18号、克新19号和中薯17号生育期在90 d以上,为中晚熟品种,每667 m~2产量分别为2 922.9、2 871.0、2 505.5 kg,较对照增产53.54%、50.81%、31.61%,适合在一季作地区推广种植。克新21号、中薯1号、中薯7号产量较低,不适宜大面积推广种植。  相似文献