河湖污染治理对策的调查研究——Ⅰ现状分析     

陈辅利  高光智  宛立  朱永英  王晶 《大连水产学院学报》2009,(Z1)

通过调查研究,分析了我国河、湖水环境污染状况以及作为河湖主要污染源的污水排放和处理状况,作为治理河湖污染主要途径的污水再生利用状况,作为污水资源化利用重要对象的荒漠生态及其恢复建设基本情况。全国河流总体水质属中度污染,污染情况严重,1/4以上的监测断面属于劣V类水。全国湖泊水库水环境污染非常严重,并有加重的趋势,国控重点湖(库)近一半不能满足地表水环境质量标准的最低要求,70%以上不适用于作为生活饮用水水源地。2006年全国污水排放量为537亿t,1998—2006年全国污水排放总量、工业废水排放量、生活污水排放量均逐年增加,年均增长率分别为4%、2.1%、5.9%。通过与用水量进行比对发现,国家污水排放量统计数据存在严重漏报现象,数据严重失实,应引起足够重视。污水再生回用主要集中在小规模的城市杂用,大规模工业回用还处在探索起步阶段,农业回用和大规模生态回用还没有起步。  相似文献   

乳房炎牛奶中复方阿莫西林纳米乳的残留检测及消除试验     

杨雪峰  姜金庆  孙红武  欧阳五庆 《兽医大学学报》2012,(8):1212-1216

利用高效液相色谱仪建立复方阿莫西林纳米乳（AMX-LH-NE）在牛奶中的残留监控高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,并通过残留消除试验,研究AMX-LH-NE在乳房炎牛奶中的残留消除规律,确定其弃奶期。结果显示,阿莫西林（AMX）和盐酸左氧氟沙星（LH）分别在7.5～400μg/L和40～600μg/L线性关系良好;平均回收率为（99.72±1.46）%和（99.65±1.53）%;相对标准偏差（relative standard deviation,RSD）为1.46%和1.54%;平均保留时间为（11.59±0.21）min和（6.87±0.02）min;日内精密度RSD为1.59%和1.39%,日间精密度RSD为3.17%和3.29%。在乳房炎牛奶中,AMX和LH的残留量均随着休药时间的延长而迅速降低;AMX的弃奶期为停药后35.96h,LH的弃奶期为停药后32.94h。结果表明,所建立的HPLC方法专属性好,回收率、重复性和精密度高,可为牛奶中AMX-LH-NE的残留监控提供检测方法;利用此检测方法确定的AMX-LH-NE的弃奶期为停药后36h。  相似文献   

新疆阜康地下水资源动态变化及可开采量分析     

陈志惠 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2017,(5)

水资源是人类赖以生存的基本条件之一,但随着人类对地下矿产资源开采活动的日益增强,地下水资源赋存条件遭到破坏,其可开采量在不断减少.本文以新疆阜康地区为实例,通过对观测井数据进行分析,得出该地区地下水埋深动态变化规律,并对其影响因子、可开采量进行了分析.  相似文献   

The effect of breed,sex, and drug concentration on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in cattle     

André Tadeu Gotardo  Rafael Lanzelloti Fonseca  Fabiano Barreto  Caroline Andrade Tomaszewski  Lucas Suchecki Barnet  Tamara Castilho  Silvana Lima Górniak 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(5):477-484

Ivermectin (IVM) is one of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs worldwide and has become the drug of choice for anthelmintic and tick treatment in beef cattle production. It is known that pharmacokinetic parameters are fundamental to the rational use of a drug and food safety and these parameters are influenced by different factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of IVM in Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and crossbreed cattle (B. indicus × B. taurus) kept under same field conditions and the possible impacts of sex and IVM formulation (1% and 3.15%). It was observed that IVM concentration was significantly affected by breed. The plasma concentrations of IVM, AUC, C_max, and t_1/2β were significantly higher in B. indicus compared to B. taurus. Crossbreed animals showed an intermediate profile between European and Indian cattle. No alteration in pharmacokinetics parameters was detected when comparing different gender. Concerning the pharmacokinetic data of IVM formulation, it was verified that T_max, AUC, and t_1/2β were higher in 3.15% IVM animals than those from 1% IVM formulation. The results clearly indicated that the IVM plasma concentrations in B. indicus were higher than that in B. taurus.  相似文献   

浅析产蛋鸡用药物零日弃蛋期的制定     

徐倩  杨大伟  刘艳华  梁先明  董义春  苏富琴 《中国兽药杂志》2020,54(12):66-70

[摘要] 概述产蛋鸡（蛋鸡、种鸡及后备母鸡）用药物弃蛋期的制定考虑因素。根据欧盟EMA发布的欧盟最大残留限量制定指南、残留消除指南以及FDA发布的食品动物用新兽药对人类食品安全性评价的一般原则,结合已经批准的部分零日弃蛋期药物,浅析弃蛋期制定的方法和一般考虑。制定产蛋鸡用药物弃蛋期需要考虑最大残留限量、ADI合理分配、鸡蛋中药物的残留消除,其中最重要的因素是ADI合理分配。  相似文献   

Optimum Decision Model About Stock Equity Withdrawal of Debt-to-equity Swaps     

PENG Xiao-Bing~  Pu Yon-gjian~  ZENG Guo-ping~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(11):116-119

The withdrawal of stock equity of debt-to-equity swap benefitto resume connatural financial resource allocationfunction of market mechanism, basedon the viewpoint of market operation. An optimum decision modelabout stock equity withdrawal is set up, and asset management corporationcan sign an agreement based on enterprise's value with enterprise's managerof the debt-to-equity swap in advance, and make optimum choice in stock equity sell or enterprise list, thus stock equity withdrawal probably is realizedefficiently.Moreover, the paper puts forward the realizing factors of the efficient withdrawal of stock equity of debt-to-equity swapand correspondingcountermeasures.  相似文献   

关于公诉案件撤诉的几个问题          下载免费PDF全文

张学辉  郭小静 《安徽农业大学学报》2005,(2):55-59

公诉案件的撤诉符合控审分离原则和起诉便宜主义的要求，体现了保障人权的价值追求和诉讼经济原则;撤诉应遵循一定的程序，应在法律辩论终结前提出并说明理由;法院应当对检察机关的撤诉申请进行司法审查，听取被告人质疑意见;公诉机关撤诉后诉讼程序终止，不得再行起诉。  相似文献   

三聚氰胺在肉鸡组织中的残留和消除规律研究     

张小燕  陆俊贤  唐梦君  施祖灏  葛庆联  蒲俊华  高玉时 《中国动物检疫》2011,28(10):38-41

本试验旨在研究日粮中三聚氰胺在肉鸡不同组织中的残留和消除规律。选用1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡400只,随机分成4个处理,每处理设5个重复,每个重复20只鸡。试验日粮中三聚氰胺的添加量分别为0%、0.25%、0.5%、和3.0%,连续饲喂42d,后改喂基础日粮。于残留试验第7、14、21、28、35和42天和改喂基础日粮的第1、2、3、4和5天分别测定肉鸡肾脏、肝脏和胸肌中的三聚氰胺含量。结果表明,黄羽肉鸡连续饲喂含三聚氰胺日粮42d,处理组各组织中三聚氰胺平均含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3.0%处理组各组织中三聚氰胺含量的高低依次为:肾脏>肝脏>胸肌。组织中三聚氰胺消除较为缓慢,日粮含量越高组织中三聚氰胺消除速率越快。改喂基础日粮5d后,各组织中的三聚氰胺含量显著降低,逐渐接近对照组值,但5d各组织中三聚氰胺含量均未消除完全。日粮三聚氰胺含量越高,肉鸡组织中的残留浓度越高,消除需要的时间越长。  相似文献   

兽用喹诺酮类药物——奥比沙星     

戴述诚  李名芳  刘亚楠 《畜禽业》2003,(3):28-29

本文简述了奥比沙星的体外抗菌活性、药物动力学参数、用药剂量规定、生物利用度及休药期等,并与恩诺沙星和单诺沙星一一作了比较。  相似文献   

Increasing feed withdrawal and lairage times prior to slaughter decreases the gastrointestinal tract weight but favours the growth of cecal Enterobacteriaceae in pigs     

S. Martín-Pelez  S.M. Martín-Orúe  J.F. Prez  E. Fbrega  J. Tibau  J. Gasa 《Livestock Science》2008,119(1-3):70-76

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different feed withdrawal and lairage times prior to slaughter on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) weight and on the fermentation pattern and numbers of Enterobacteriaceae in the cecum of pigs. A total of 72 finishing pigs (6 pens, 12 animals each) were included in the study and were sent to the slaughterhouse on three consecutive days. On each day pigs from two pens were deprived of feed for either 2 or 12 h before leaving the farm. Pigs from each of the two pens were divided in sub-groups (4 pigs each) on the moment of loading onto the truck and followed the same distribution at the slaughterhouse. Once there, each sub-group corresponding to the same feed withdrawal time was held in different holding pens for 0, 5 or 10 h before slaughter. The weight of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) was determined and cecal content was collected to evaluate pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ammonia (NH₃) concentrations as well as lactobacilli and Enterobacteriaceae numbers. Total GIT weight decreased as feed withdrawal (P < 0.0001) and lairage time (P < 0.001) increased within a range between 6.69 and 4.59 kg. Cecal pH increased with feed withdrawal (P < 0.0001) and lairage time (P = 0.0001) (ranging from 5.79 to 6.79) in parallel to a decrease in the total SCFA concentration (P < 0.005) (from 211 to 100 mM). The percentages of acetic and propionic acid were not modified by the experimental treatments but significant decreases were registered in the percentage of butyric acid with the increased times of both withdrawal (P < 0.0001) and lairage (P < 0.005). The percentage of valeric and branched SCFA and also NH₃ concentration showed an increase with withdrawal (P < 0.005, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.005 respectively) and lairage (P < 0.005, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001 respectively). Lactobacilli numbers decreased as lairage time increased (from 9.97 to 8.63 log 16S rRNA gene copies/g FM; P < 0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae numbers increased with both, feed withdrawal (P < 0.05) and lairage (P < 0.05) (ranging from 8.53 to 9.95 log 16S rRNA gene copies/g FM).The previous to slaughter increase in feed withdrawal and lairage times decreased the GIT weight but involved changes in the gut microbial ecosystem caused through changes in the fermentation pattern that lead to the increase of Enterobacteriaceae numbers. This increase could represent a higher risk of carcass contamination by the enteropathogens of this group such as Salmonella. However this potential risk should be further investigated.  相似文献