虾夷扇贝体形性状对软体重和闭壳肌重的影响效果分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

张存善  常亚青  曹学彬  刘小林  王诗欢  徐高蓉  银学祥 《水产学报》2009,33(1):87-94

利用虾夷扇贝表型性状资料,分析性状间的相关关系及其相关程度,建立相应的回归方程,为扇贝的选择育种奠定基础。试验随机抽取126只体形规则的3龄大连獐子岛海区底播增殖的虾夷扇贝,其中雌雄各63只,测定其壳长(X1)、壳高(X2)、壳宽(X3)、活体重(Y)、软体重(Z)和闭壳肌重(W),分别计算相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算了以体形性状为自变量对软体重和闭壳肌重作依变量的通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,定量的分析了体形性状对虾夷扇贝解剖性状的影响。结果表明虾夷扇贝壳长、壳宽、壳高与活体重、软体重和闭壳肌重的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);壳高、壳宽是影响雌性软体重的主要因素,壳长、壳宽是影响雄性软体重的主要因素,而混合组受3个壳尺性状的共同影响;影响虾夷扇贝闭壳肌重的主要因素是壳宽,壳长、壳高的作用不显著;决定系数分析结果与通径分析结果有一致的变化趋势;多元回归分析,剔除不显著因子,建立了壳长、壳高、壳宽对软体重、闭壳肌重的回归方程：1). 雌性 Z= -128.573 +1.355X2 +1.407 X3;W= -8.216 +0.869X3;2). 雄性 Z =138.493+1.082 X1+2.524 X3;W= -11.855 + 0.955 X3;3). 混合 Z = -133.939 +0.606 X1+0.679X2 + 1.709X3;W= -9.525+ 0.896 X3。通过性状间的相关分析对两性状间的关系进行明确的定量,有利于制定合理的多性状选择方案,为虾夷扇贝选育提供理想的测度指标。  相似文献   

大黄鱼22个微卫星标记在F₁家系中的分离方式及与生长性状的相关分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘贤德  韦信键  蔡明夷  刘洋  王志勇 《水产学报》2012,36(9):1322-1330

研究了1个大黄鱼F1家系150个个体22个微卫星位点的基因型分布,并分析了标记位点与生长性状的相关性。结果显示,22个位点共检测到60个等位基因,平均等位基因数为2.73,平均有效等位基因数为2.37;平均观测杂合度与期望杂合度分别为0.75和0.73,部分位点基因型分布严重偏离孟德尔定律,暗示其可能与适应性基因相连锁,其中LYC0446位点附近可能存在隐性纯合致死基因。LYC0077位点与体质量、体长和体高均呈显著相关(P<0.05),其中等位基因A(165 bp)对应的生长性状表型值最大,可以作为选育快长性状的有效分子标记;LYC0015和LYC0243与体高呈显著相关(P<0.05),与体长、体质量的相关不显著(P>0.05),LYC0015位点的等位基因C(110 bp)和LYC0243位点的等位基因A(160 bp)为有利的等位基因。对LYC0015、LYC0077和LYC0243进行不同基因型个体表型值的多重比较,找到3种对生长性状有利的基因型,分别为BC、AA和AB。同时,以体质量性状为参照,对3个位点不同基因型组合进行比较,找到一个最优基因型组合(BC/AA/AB),与3个位点单独分析对应的最优基因型完全一致,符合加性作用模型。  相似文献   

Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions     

Renate Kvingedal  Brad S. Evans  Joseph J.U. Taylor  Jens Knauer  Dean R. Jerry 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):23-28

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days.Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances.These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.  相似文献   

Foraging specialisms, prey size and life-history patterns: a test of predictions using sympatric polymorphic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)     

D. Fraser  F. A. Huntingford  C. E. Adams 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(1):1-9

Abstract –  We use arguments based on optimal foraging theory to predict body size constraints and the consequences of these on a range of life-history traits in three trophic specialist morphs of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , living in sympatry in Loch Rannoch, Scotland. As predicted, foraging specialists feeding on small prey items with a narrow size range showed evidence of deterministic growth; the ultimate body size of macrobenthos feeders being larger ( L _∞ = 238 mm) than that of planktivores ( L _∞ = 216 mm). In contrast, the piscivorous morph showed no evidence of reaching a maximal body size.
The two size-constrained morphs (benthivores and planktivores) matured earlier and died younger (living for up to 11 and 7 years, respectively, in this study) than did the piscivorous charr which showed continuous growth up to at least 17 years.
The pattern of annual reproductive investment in maturing individuals was complex. Planktivores invested in larger eggs than the other two forms, but benthivores produced a greater number of eggs than planktivores, which in turn produced more than piscivores. Planktivorous males had a greater investment in mean testis weight than the other two forms.
Lifetime reproductive output was the greatest in the benthivorous charr, intermediate in planktivorous and the lowest in the piscivorous charr when measured either as fecundity or as gonadal weight. We conclude that constraints imposed upon foraging specialists by foraging efficiency is a significant driver of body size and ultimately reproductive investment in gape-limited foraging salmonids.  相似文献   

Multivariate analysis and genetic diversity for morphometric and root textural quality traits in ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal)     

R. Ramesh Kumar  L. Prasanna Anjaneya ReddyJ. Vinay Kumar  K. KomaraiahS. Purnanand  K.P. Sastry 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,35(1):199-202

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an important medicinal plant and its dried roots are used in traditional systems of medicine. The market price of roots is determined by physical (textural) quality. Brittle roots with high starch and low fiber are considered to be superior because of ease in grinding. Genetic diversity studies based on root textural parameters have not been done so far. So the present study was designed to assess genetic diversity for morphometric traits and root textural quality parameters among two morphologically distinct groups: Poshita and Nagore. The PCA separated the morphometric and root texture variables distinctly into two different principal components: PC-1 and PC-2 respectively, indicating that both are negatively associated. All the morphotypes in Poshita group showed high positive loadings in PC-1 indicating that component genotypes are high root yielding. Nagore morphotypes were low yielding but the root texture was good. Clustering of morphotypes grouped Poshita and Nagore separately with high inter-cluster distances indicating that both groups are highly divergent from each other, suggesting that there is sufficient scope for varietal improvement through hybridization.  相似文献   

基于表型多样性构建向日葵核心种质     

汪磊  王姣梅  汪魏  王玲  王力军  严兴初  谭美莲 《中国油料作物学报》2021,43(6):1052

为鉴定评价我国向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）种质资源在南方地区的表现,筛选构建向日葵核心种质,以422份向日葵种质为材料,在进行2年鉴定观察的基础上,采用描述性统计、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法对11个表型农艺性状进行分析评价。结果表明,原始群体的这些农艺性状具有较大的变异幅度,其变异系数（CV）为3.60%~83.32%,平均变异系数为20.93%,其中分枝株率（0%~62.5%）、单株粒重（9.70~232.35 g）、百粒重（4.60~14.92 g）、叶片数（14.40~48.38个）和株高（103.75~260.00 cm）变异幅度较大;性状间表现出显著的相关性,主成分分析表明,影响性状的4个主要成分解释了总方差的71.72%。采用QGAstation 2.0软件构建了72组核心种质候选群体,并根据均值差异百分数（MD）、方差差异百分率（VD）,极差符合率（CR）和变异系数百分率（VR）,获得组获得1组包含84份材料的最佳核心种质群体。聚类分析将84份核心资源分为5大类,与原群体相比,所选核心种质均值无显著差异,方差显著提高,能最大限度代表原始油葵种质资源保存和利用。  相似文献   

不同小麦品种(系)抗倒伏性状多样性分析     

苏亚蕊  孙少光  刘浩婷  郭春强  曹燕燕  黄杰  王君  张振永  齐双丽  廖平安 《麦类作物学报》2021,41(10):1238-1246

为了综合评价不同小麦材料的不同生育时期抗倒性,明确影响小麦倒伏的关键因素,以147份我国育成的主推小麦品种及新育成的小麦品种（系）为研究对象,在开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期测定其10个倒伏性相关性状,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析法对这些小麦材料抗倒性进行综合评价。结果表明,10个抗倒伏相关性状在不同基因型间、气候因素间及生育时期间均存在显著的变异;在不同生育时期,性状间的相关性基本一致,均表现为基部茎节壁厚度、实心度、茎秆强度对小麦的抗倒伏性具有一定的积极作用,株高、重心高度、基部茎节长度、髓腔直径具有一定的消极作用。主成分分析显示,茎秆强度是影响植株抗倒性的最关键性状。基于三个生育时期主成分的综合因子得分的聚类分析显示,有70份材料的综合抗倒性优良,其中部分新育成小麦材料抗倒性表现优异,可作为小麦强秆抗倒改良育种资源使用。  相似文献   

小麦灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与产量性状及部分品质性状的关系     

何丽香  张婷  傅兆麟  宫晶  孙常玉 《麦类作物学报》2013,33(6):1248-1251

为了给高产、优质小麦育种和栽培提供参考依据,以50个小麦基因型为试验材料,研究不同小麦基因型间灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率的差异及其与产量性状和部分品质指标的关系。结果表明：（1）不同小麦基因型间灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率差异极显著;（2）灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重呈负相关,相关系数（R）分别为-0.171、-0.405^**和-0.369^**;（3）灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值的相关系数（R）分别为-0.085、-0.111和-0.045,相关不显著。  相似文献   

基于双列杂交的花生主要品质性状遗传效应分析     

齐飞艳  孙子淇  黄冰艳  秦利  石磊  刘华  汪晓  田梦迪  郑峥  董文召  张新友 《中国油料作物学报》2021,43(4):600

为了提高花生品质性状优势组合的选育效率,以5个花生材料为亲本,采用Griffing完全双列杂交配制20个组合,分析花生籽仁中粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量、蔗糖含量和脂肪酸组分等10个性状的配合力和遗传参数。配合力效应分析表明,豫花132（W191）的粗脂肪、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸含量等性状的一般配合力效应值最大,冀花甜1号（JT1）的蔗糖和粗蛋白含量的一般配合力效应值最大,而高油酸品种WT08-0937（DF15）的油酸和花生一烯酸含量的一般配合力效应值最大。遗传协方差Wr对阵列方差Vr的回归分析结果表明,粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸这7个性状基本适合“加性-显性”遗传模型,它们的遗传主要是以加性效应为主,显性效应较小且表现部分显性。对所有子代的10个性状进行主成分分析,前2个主成分Dim1和Dim2的累计贡献率达88.6%,结果显示粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量和蔗糖含量呈负相关,粗脂肪含量与棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和花生一烯酸含量相关性较弱。本研究为花生育种中的亲本选配和后代选择提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

水稻超高产育种的理论和方法   总被引：111，自引：4，他引：111  

杨守仁  张龙步 《中国水稻科学》1996,10(2):115-120

 水稻超高产育种是当前世界性的热门课题，也是难题。现在我国人口已近十二亿，水稻是我国粮食生产的大头。高产更高产，难度越来越大。它的超高产育种，既无现成的理论和方法可循，就只能摸索前进。本文试图将几十年来多少人的汗水心血所凝成的宝贵经验，全面加以分析整理，藉以进一步完善过去所提出的理想株形与优势利用相结合的大方向，优化性状组配以及杂交后代选择标准等理论和方法，以供国内外同行参考试用。  相似文献