菊花"一花二色"的特性分析     

王韡  戴斌  谢慧慧  柯燚  陆小平 《北方园艺》2011,(12):118-121

用薄板层析法对菊花花朵"黄白变色"的特性进行了色素分析。结果表明:在开花早期,花瓣呈黄色,主要是β-胡萝卜素(Rf=1)的作用。随着开花时间的延长,β-胡萝卜素被大量降解,花瓣变为白色。同时,对一朵间色花(半白半黄)的突变性状进行了遗传保存试验,结果"二乔"性状难以固定,推测这种表型是花色嵌合所致,且这种突变属于不稳定遗传。  相似文献   

朝鲜百合离体多倍体诱导   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘洋  杨利平 《河北农业大学学报》2015,(3)

避光条件下,用0.10%秋水仙素附加2.00%二甲亚砜诱变离体培养的朝鲜百合小鳞茎,利用组织培养的不定芽诱导技术获得了多倍体幼苗,并对其根尖染色体数目进行常规鉴定。结果表明:诱导48h效果好,变异率达到50.00%。对照植株和得到的4个变异株系进行细胞学观察后发现,对照为二倍体(2n=2x=24),诱变出的4个变异株系细胞染色体数目分别由34~54条的不同比例构成,其中四倍体细胞染色体(2n=4x=48)占38.18%~76.47%,属于嵌合体。  相似文献   

哺乳动物胚胎分割发展现状及展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张涌 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(3):80-85

本文系统综述了国内外哺乳动物胚胎分割的当前水平和今后发展趋势。对影响分割胚存活率的若干因素、分割胚的冷冻、人工嵌合体的制作、胚胎性别鉴定及卵核移植等方面的研究进展也作了简要介绍。  相似文献   

Migration and differentiation of gonadal germ cells under cross-sex germline chimeras condition in domestic chickens     

Yuki NAKAJIMA  Tetsuya HATTORI  Atsushi ASANO  Naoto ISHIKAWA  Atsushi TAJIMA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(6):406-410

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate migration, proliferation and differentiation of gonadal germ cells (GGCs) collected from the gonads of 7-day-old chick embryos under cross-sex germline chimera conditions. The migratory and proliferative abilities of exogenous GGCs were examined by transferring 50 fluorescently labeled GGCs collected from White Leghorn (WL) embryos into the blood of 2-day-old Rhode Island Red (RIR) embryos. No significant difference was observed in the number of fluorescently labeled GGCs in the gonads of recipient embryos among any of the four possible donor and recipient sex combinations. Cross-sex germline chimeras were produced to examine the differentiation of GGCs by transferring 100 GGCs from WL embryos into 2-day-old RIR embryos. Exogenous-GGC-derived progeny were obtained from both male and female recipients, except when female GGCs were transferred into male recipients. The migratory ability of GGCs recovered from the 7-day-old embryonic gonad was not influenced by cross-sex germ cell transfer conditions, whereas the differentiation of the GGCs was affected by the sex combinations of GGCs donors and recipients.  相似文献   

囊胚注射转基因ES细胞制作嵌合体的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付志新  刘宗平  梁建兰  李善刚  陈学进 《畜牧兽医学报》2007,38(2):149-154

在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞制作的饲养层上培养并成功的维持了携带LacZ基因的胚胎干细胞系（S8），在此基础上，以S8为供体细胞，以远交系昆明白小鼠3．5d胚胎为受体，通过显微注射法将供体细胞转移到受体的囊胚腔内，经过恢复培养，移植到代孕鼠昆明白雌鼠的子宫中；后代在嵌合体出生一周后进行判定。本试验用8～13代的S8细胞共注射胚胎597枚，经1～3h恢复培养，有585枚胚胎重新具有膨大的囊胚腔，细胞轮廓分明，滋养层细胞间连接也清晰可见，胚胎成活率为97％；胚胎移植后，代孕母鼠共移植胚胎228枚，经17～19d的妊娠期后，产仔37只（2只死胎），产仔率为16％；有35只仔鼠（雄鼠18只，雌鼠17只）存活到可以判断毛色，共获得8只S8细胞毛色嵌合体小鼠，嵌合体的产生率为21．6％。结果表明用S8细胞经囊胚注射后能够获得嵌合体，并且嵌合体明显发生了性偏离现象。本试验为国内利用囊胚注射携带LacZ基因的胚胎干细胞获得嵌合体小鼠的首例报道。  相似文献   

聚合嵌合法制作黄牛和水牛种间嵌合胚的初步研究     

卞桂华  覃琦丽  冯贵雪  陆凤花  石德顺 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,34(9):44-46

通过聚合嵌合法初步建立一套黄牛和水牛种间嵌合的程序与方法。聚合嵌合法采用链酶蛋白酶消化透明带或用机械剥离法去除透明带，然后在含有100 μg/ml PHA的培养液中聚合形成嵌合胚。结果发现， 8-细胞黄牛胚胎聚合水牛桑椹胚与黄牛囊胚聚合水牛桑椹胚相比，聚合胚存活率和囊胚发育率均无显著差异（P>0.05）。采用显微手术法分离黄牛和水牛8-细胞胚胎卵裂球进行聚合，聚合率为92.3%，囊胚发育率为58.3%，与用0.25%链酶蛋白酶分离胚胎卵裂球进行胚胎聚合的聚合率（86.7%）和囊胚发育率（46.2%）均无显著差异（P>0.05）。以上结果表明：①水牛和黄牛胚胎通过卵裂球聚合获得的种间嵌合胚胎能继续发育；②胚胎聚合前的发育阶段对其聚合成功率和随后的胚胎发育无明显影响。③胚胎卵裂球的分离方法（显微手术法和酶消化法）对其聚合率和囊胚发育率无明显影响。  相似文献   

红苞凤梨嵌合体组织细胞学观察与叶绿素合成特性研究     

刘和平  曹莉  杨转英  张俊丽  林剑波  何业华 《广东农业科学》2018,45(11):35-39

以红苞凤梨为研究对象,通过组织细胞学观察结合叶绿素及其合成前体物质的含量测定,阐述嵌合叶片绿、白组织在组织细胞学和叶绿素合成代谢上的差异,以探索嵌合性状形成的结构和生理基础。组织细胞学观察发现,嵌合叶片绿色部分细胞含有大量的叶绿体,而白化组织中基本没有观察到叶绿体。红苞凤梨金边、金心嵌合叶片的白化组织以及全白植株叶片的叶绿素含量都低于全绿植株叶片(对照);红苞凤梨金边嵌合体与金心嵌合体叶片白化组织的叶绿素合成前体物质含量均在UroⅢ开始下降。全白植株的叶绿素合成前体物质含量则从ALA开始就显著低于全绿植株。叶绿素合成代谢下降,叶绿素含量降低,导致出现白化现象,金边、金心等品种植株叶片则表现出嵌合特性。  相似文献   

Mutation induction with ion beam irradiation of lateral buds of chrysanthemum and analysis of chimeric structure of induced mutants     

Hiroyasu Yamaguchi  Akemi Shimizu  Yoshihiro Hase  Konosuke Degi  Atsushi Tanaka  Toshikazu Morishita 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):97-103

We compared the effects of ion beam and gamma ray irradiation on mutation induction in axillary buds of chrysanthemum, and analyzed the chimeric structure of the resulting mutants. Axillary buds were irradiated with carbon ions at 2 Gy (mean linear energy transfer 122 keV/μm), helium ions at 10 Gy (mean 9 keV/μm), and gamma rays at 80 Gy, all of which have the similar effects on survival. The lower five nodes of the shoots elongating from the irradiated buds were cut one by one, and new shoots were allowed to grow from the axillary buds. This procedure was repeated twice, and flower color mutation was investigated. Chimeric structure was analyzed by comparing the flower color of mutants to that of plants regenerated from the roots. Flower color mutants emerged at a high frequency (17.4–28.8%), and there were no significant differences in the mutation frequency between the treatments. All the flower color mutants induced with gamma rays were periclinal chimeras. In contrast, some mutants obtained with ion beams had the same flower color as that of the plants derived from the roots. This suggests that they were solid mutants, where both LI and LIII tissues were derived from the same mutated cell. Solid mutants were also obtained when irradiated with 5 Gy of helium ions, which had less effect on survival and mutation than other treatments. Factors for obtaining solid mutants only with ion beams are also discussed.  相似文献   

Clonal variation and stability assay of chimeric Pinot Meunier (Vitis vinifera L.) and descending sports     

Sabine H. G. Stenkamp  Manuel S. Becker  Bernd H. E. Hill  Rolf Blaich  Astrid Forneck 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):197-209

This project studied the genetic variation of the periclinal grape chimera Pinot Meunier, its natural occurring mutations (loss of trichomes on leaf surfaces) and the German Pinot noir clone Samtrot. Eleven Pinot Meunier clones of French, Italian and foremost German origin, Pinot Meunier mutations of differing ages and with various dispersions of hairless sectors as bud-, shoot- and complete vine mutations and six Samtrot clones were investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (SSRs). SSR-analysis proved chimerism of all Pinot Meunier clones tested and confirmed identical genotype for all hairless mutations and Samtrot clones at the analyzed loci. Clonal variation was shown by AFLP-analysis yielding a total of 670 bands out of 18 primer combinations of which 161 were polymorphic. Pinot Meunier, Samtrot and the naturally occurring hairless Pinot Meunier mutations could be significantly differentiated. Most of interclonal varying AFLP fragments (mean 1.5% per sample) originated within the groups of Samtrot or Pinot Meunier mutations, whereas intraclonal identity was highest within the Pinot Meunier clones. According to the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), variation among wild type and mutated Pinot Meunier leaf halves is significantly smaller than between phenotypically identical Samtrot and Pinot Meunier mutants. Average gene diversity calculated on variability of loci reduced from Samtrot (0.040 ± 0.023) towards Pinot Meunier (0.025 ± 0.013) clones.  相似文献   

芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜嫁接嵌合体的性状表现   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

官春云  黄见良  李栒  田森林 《作物学报》2006,32(8):1244-1247

以芥菜型油菜(B. juncea)作砧木,以甘蓝型油菜(B. napus)作接穗,形成嫁接嵌合体（以下简称“甘+芥”嫁接嵌合体）,对其植物学性状、农艺性状和32P标记的难溶性磷矿粉的吸收能力进行了研究。结果表明,“甘+芥”嫁接嵌合体除叶片出现紫色性状外,其他性状与甘蓝型油菜没有差异,但其农艺性状明显优于甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜。其根系对肥料中难溶性磷吸收能力强,而且多数转移到地上部分,在体内分布较合理。  相似文献