Active ingredient contents of ‘me-too’ registered abamectin products and differences in their efficacy onTetranychus cinnabarinus     

Enver Durmusoglu  Nilgun Madanlar  Phyllis G. Weintraub 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(3):231-241

Many agrochemical companies in Turkey purchase generic active ingredients (a.i.) and, by way of ‘me-too’ registration, sell pesticides under different brand names. Farmers and researchers often claim that these products are ineffective. In order to determine the a.i. content and efficacy of me-too registered abamectin-based products, we studied seven (in 2004) and ten (in 2005) products, which were chosen based on their availability and high market share. Differences in both efficacy and a.i. contents were observed in the products investigated in the study, but making speculative statements that could affect all me-too registered products based on our investigations of only 17 abamectin-based samples is not realistic. Timectin® was found to be statistically less effective onTetranychus cinnabarinus in both laboratory and greenhouse trials than all other tested products. Furthermore, Timectin was determined to have 69.8% less a.i. than in its product specifications. Our findings make it clear that grower complaints about the qualities of agricultural pesticides are based on actual chemical inadequacies of formulated pesticides. Analysis of the a.i. should be carried out as part of regular market inspection in order to determine whether agricultural pesticides comply with their product specifications. In this way growers will be provided with good quality but inexpensive products.  相似文献   

六堡茶产区茶园小绿叶蝉及天敌蜘蛛的调查     

黄丽蕴  邱瑞瑾  马士成  龙志荣  于翠平  黄英晴 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,43(3)

2015年调查广西苍梧县六堡茶产区老龄和幼龄茶园小绿叶蝉的发生和危害程度以及天敌蜘蛛的发生状况。结果表明:小绿叶蝉全年有2个发生高峰期,4月为主高峰期,危害较重,7月为次高峰期;老龄茶园小绿叶蝉的发生较幼龄茶园的少,危害较轻。4—11月是天敌蜘蛛的活动高峰期,蜘蛛在老龄茶园的数量较低龄茶园的多。  相似文献   

延川不同类型枣园蜘蛛群落多样性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘长海  曹文文  段秋艳  苑彩霞  陈宗礼 《河北林果研究》2017,32(1)

蜘蛛是枣园生态系统中重要的天敌之一,研究枣园蜘蛛群落的多样性可为枣园害虫生物防治提供应用基础数据。2014年5月至10月,在延川县北村和庄头村选择4个不同管理模式的枣园样地,采用扣管法和扫网法相结合的方式进行采样,共获取蜘蛛134头,隶属于7科,其中园蛛科、蟹蛛科、逍遥蛛科、猫蛛科为优势科,狼蛛科、跳蛛科和平腹蛛科为常见类群。数据表明,评价范围内枣园的丰富度指数(dma)和多样性指数(H)较高,而其多样性指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)较低,反映出蜘蛛对不同管理模式枣园生态系统的响应;5月到7月蜘蛛数量相对稳定,7月到8月上升趋势明显,8月下旬到10月上旬开始下降;自然生长的平地枣园样地蜘蛛多样性要高于杂草单一或人工管理的其他样地,人为干扰少、相对潮湿的生态环境,更有利于蜘蛛栖息生活。  相似文献   

苹果单叶片山楂叶螨实验种群的建立与消亡     

林晓丽  汪成平  李鑫 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,38(11):193-200

【目的】研究山楂叶螨种群在苹果幼苗单叶片上建立、扩展的过程,以期明确山楂叶螨由个体到种群的发展机理和整体趋势。【方法】选择3年生盆栽矮化红富士苹果幼苗,分别单叶接螨1,3和5头,观察单叶山楂叶螨种群繁殖和扩散情况及叶片的变化,记录35d该螨由个体发展为种群,导致叶片焦灼的整个过程。【结果】山楂叶螨在室内,6月份15～17d可完成1代,35d内完全发生2个世代。在苹果单叶片上,卵占种群优势数量,其在不同位置叶片分布为中部>上部>下部,雌成螨的数量分布表现为上部>下部>中部。初始接螨量越大,叶片上种群数量越多,其种群扩张速度越快,为害越严重,叶片提前干枯。当单叶接螨量达5头,接种(6.6±1.5)d后向其他叶片扩散,(14.6±2.5)d后全株布满蛛丝及叶螨,仅(20.4±1.1)d达4级为害状,叶片全株焦灼。【结论】山楂叶螨应在叶片害斑不明显时及早防治,关键控制初始螨量,当单叶虫源基数达5头时应密切关注其繁殖动态。  相似文献   

Suppression of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (Sulz.), citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) (Risso), and two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Koch.) attacks on tomatoes and cucumbers by aqueous extracts from vermicomposts     

Clive A. Edwards  Norman Q. Arancon  Marcus Vasko-Bennett  Ahmed Askar  George Keeney  Brandon Little 《Crop Protection》2010

Vermicomposts are produced through interactions between earthworms and microorganisms in the breakdown of organic wastes. Aqueous extracts were prepared in commercial brewing equipment (Growing Solutions Inc.) from vermicomposts processed from pre-consumer food waste. The ratio of vermicompost to water was 1 to 5 v:v to produce a 20% aqueous solution. The effects of soil drenches at dilutions of 20%, 10%, and 5% vermicompost extracts, were compared with those of deionized water, in the suppression of green peach aphids, mealybugs, and two spotted spider mites attacking tomatoes and cucumbers, in greenhouse cage experiments.  相似文献   

Acetylcholinesterase point mutations in European strains of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) resistant to organophosphates     

Jahangir Khajehali  Thomas Van Leeuwen  Maria Grispou  Evangelia Morou  Haoués Alout  Mylène Weill  Luc Tirry  John Vontas  Anastasia Tsagkarakou 《Pest management science》2010,66(2):220-228

BACKROUND: In Tetranychus urticae Koch, acetylcholinesterase insensitivity is often involved in organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CARB) resistance. By combining toxicological, biochemical and molecular data from three reference laboratory and three OP selected strains (OP strains), the AChE1 mutations associated with resistance in T. urticae were characterised. RESULTS: The resistance ratios of the OP strains varied from 9 to 43 for pirimiphos‐methyl, from 78 to 586 for chlorpyrifos, from 8 to 333 for methomyl and from 137 to 4164 for dimethoate. The insecticide concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the AChE1 activity was, in the OP strains, at least 2.7, 55, 58 and 31 times higher for the OP pirimiphos‐methyl, chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon and omethoate respectively, and 87 times higher for the CARB carbaryl. By comparing the AChE1 sequence, four amino acid substitutions were detected in the OP strains: (1) F331W (Torpedo numbering) in all the three OP strains; (2) T280A found in the three OP strains but not in all clones; (3) G328A, found in two OP strains; (4) A201S found in only one OP strain. CONCLUSIONS: Four AChE1 mutations were found in resistant strains of T. urticae, and three of them, F331W, G328A and A201S, are possibly involved in resistance to OP and CARB insecticides. Among them, F331W is probably the most important and the most common in T. urticae. It can be easily detected by the diagnostic PCR‐RLFP assay developed in this study. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

辽宁东部地区大豆田越冬蜘蛛群落及保护研究     

郑国  李学军  王淑贤  陈强  许彪  李艳 《中国植保导刊》2010,30(12)

采用枯落物提取法和直接搜索法对岫岩地区大豆田及田埂的越冬蜘蛛进行了调查。共采集越冬蜘蛛13科32种。其中皿蛛科和球蛛科为优势科,黑微蛛[Erigone atra(Black wall)]和拟青球蛛(Theridion subpallens)为优势种。空间异质性大的田埂越冬蜘蛛的物种丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)均高于大豆田。多维尺度分析与聚类分析的结果表明,大豆田与田埂蜘蛛群落组成的差异显著;回归分析的结果显示,田内枯落物干重与越冬蜘蛛的种类和数量有极显著的回归关系。以上研究结果表明,田埂对越冬蜘蛛的保护与大豆田有明显的互补作用;保留或人为增加大豆田内枯落物可有效保护越冬蜘蛛。  相似文献   

核基因和线粒体基因在叶螨分子系统学上的应用     

苏宏华江丰  杨益众 《中国农学通报》2011,27(30):192-196

为了对叶螨科螨类进行准确分类并广泛应用于生产和科研中,应用线粒体基因和核基因等分子手段进行螨类分子系统学研究,能够高效的进行物种区别与鉴定、发现新种和隐存种以及进行系统发育分析。与传统的形态学鉴定相比,分子分类能对处于不同发育阶段的生物进行鉴定,研究结果更客观而且可以反复被验证,并且核基因和线粒体基因联合分析对系统树上的不同深度能提供重要的系统进化信息以更好解决系统进化问题,并将传统形态学分类和分子生物学分类相结合,有助于正确鉴定生物物种分析系统发育。  相似文献   

联苯肼酯43%悬浮剂防治温室蔬菜叶螨田间药效试验示范     

张继俊  赫云建  潘文远 《农药科学与管理》2013,34(7):60-63

近几年来,随着温室水肥一体化技术的应用,温室内高温低湿的环境使得叶螨危害越来越重,给温室蔬菜生产带来很大的损失。在无公害蔬菜生产中,我们选用了低毒、对螨的各个阶段均有效的新型杀螨剂—联苯肼酯43%悬浮剂做试验示范。试验示范结果显示:联苯肼酯43%悬浮剂稀释3 000倍液在温室蔬菜—黄瓜、辣椒上使用效果显著。施药期间注意观察蔬菜叶螨发生危害动态,在叶螨发生始期进行防治,可有效控制叶螨蔓延危害。  相似文献   

Fitness costs associated with milbemectin resistance in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae     

Roberto Lomba Nicastro  Marcos Zatti da Silva 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):223-228

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of a wide range of crops worldwide. Its control is still largely based on the use of acaricides. However, due to its short life-cycle, high fecundity and arrhenotokous reproduction, it is able to develop resistance to these compounds very rapidly. Preliminary studies for milbemectin resistance in T. urticae showed that, under laboratory conditions, such resistance was unstable in the absence of a selection pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible fitness costs associated with milbemectin resistance in T. urticae. Comparison of biological traits between resistant and susceptible strains indicated the occurrence of fitness costs associated with milbemectin resistance. The resistant strain showed a longer juvenile development period for females, lower fecundity and a higher proportion of males among the progeny. The figures for net reproductive rate (R ₀), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r _m) and finite rate of increase (λ) were higher in the susceptible strain. The instability of milbemectin resistance can be exploited in resistance management programmes.  相似文献