太平洋牡蛎二倍体和三倍体的生长比较     

曾志南  林琪 《上海海洋大学学报》1999,(2):119-123

比较研究了在福建养殖的太平洋特蛎二倍体和三倍休的生长，结果表明，经１７个月养殖的太平洋牡蛎三倍体壳长、壳高、体重和软体部重量分别比二倍体增加１４．４１％、７．６６％、３５．２７％和７３．２５％。在太平洋特蛎繁殖季节５￣８月，三倍体体重和软体部重量生长明显超过二倍体．还就温带及亚热带海区养殖的太平洋牡蛎二倍体和三倍体的生长进行讨论。  相似文献   

响应面法优化牡蛎复合酶水解工艺研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈慧斌  王梅英  陈绍军  吴雅萍  陈团伟 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,33(11)

采用响应面法优化牡蛎的复合酶水解工艺.结果表明:中性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶按照2∶1复配,在水解温度40℃,水解时间5.68h,水解pH值7.0条件下,牡蛎蛋白水解度可达到32.24%,水解效果最优.验证试验表明,实际蛋白质的水解度与模型预测值相近,因此采用响应面法优化牡蛎酶解工艺,准确可靠.  相似文献   

适宜牡蛎与龙须菜配比提高含氮养殖废水处理效果     

李甍  宋协法  孙国祥  马晓娜  刘鹰 《农业工程学报》2015,31(11):243-248

水产养殖废水中含有大量的N、P等营养素,不加处理的排放将带来环境污染,通过养殖废水的资源化利用,可以保护环境,同时获得经济效益,促进水产养殖业可持续发展。该文研究了太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)与龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)处理大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)养殖废水的适宜养殖密度与数量配比。研究内容分为两部分:1)龙须菜试验。探讨不同龙须菜养殖密度(0.8、1.6、2.4和3.2 g/L)对大西洋鲑养殖废水氮素的去除效果,结果表明,龙须菜湿质量为2.4 g时对大西洋鲑养殖废水有较好处理效果,其中TAN、NO2-N、NO3-N的最高去除率分别为59.20%、62.16%和21.77%。2)牡蛎和龙须菜混养试验。试验中牡蛎(软体部湿质量)、龙须菜(湿质量)密度均为1.6、2.4、3.2 g/L。结果表明,牡蛎2.4 g/L、龙须菜2.4 g/L组合对废水中的NO2-N去除率达40.29%;牡蛎、龙须菜对TAN的去除存在交互作用,且龙须菜影响效应较大,2.4 g/L龙须菜对TAN去除率最高达74.44%;牡蛎2.4 g/L、龙须菜1.6 g/L时对NO3-N去除效果好,但与龙须菜密度2.4 g/L时无显著性差异。综合分析确定二者密度均为2.4 g/L,即牡蛎与龙须菜密度比为1:1时处理效果最佳。  相似文献   

Individual growth variation and its relationship with survival in juvenile Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)     

P. Boudry  B. Collet  H. McCombie  B. Ernande  B. Morand  S. Heurtebise  A. Gérard 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(5):429-448

In order to study individual growth variability and its relationship with survival in juvenile Crassostrea gigas, parental oysters were sampled at four sites located along the French Atlantic coast and bred under controlled hatchery conditions. Four groups of larvae were obtained by crossing five males and five females from each of the four sites, and a fifth group by crossing these 20 males and 20 females together in a pool. Larvae were reared under conditions allowing the maintenance of a maximum variability of size and gave five experimental groups. Oysters were individually monitored for growth and survival from 3 to 10 months after fertilization. The individual growth performances were relatively stable over time and no noticeable compensation for growth occurred. Early growth rate was a very good predictor of size later in life: 66% of variation in the live weight at 10 months could be explained by variation in the initial growth rate calculated between 3 and 4 months. A significant group effect was observed on survival and on growth rate. Mortality mostly occurred between 3 and 5 months and appeared to affect the slow-growing animals more. However, two groups can be distinguished among those which died during the experimental period, one which showed a decrease in weight and the other whose growth was similar to surviving oysters. These results are discussed in the light of usual oyster farming practices and selective breeding. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Hemocyte characteristics in families of oysters, Crassostrea gigas, selected for differential survival during summer and reared in three sites     

Christophe Lambert  Philippe Soudant  Lionel Dgremont  Maryse Delaporte  Jeanne Moal  Pierre Boudry  Frdric Jean  Arnaud Huvet  Jean-Franois Samain 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):276-288

High variability among individuals is often encountered when hemocyte characteristics are measured in bivalves. Such variability is suspected to result partly from genetic factors. In this study, hemocyte characteristics of six families of Crassostrea gigas were compared by flow cytometry at one sampling date in October 2001. These families were obtained from a nested, half-sibling cross design, and reared from July to October 2001 at three sites distributed along the French Atlantic coast from north to south: Baie des Veys (Normandy), Rivière d'Auray (Brittany) and Ronce (Marennes-oléron Basin, Poitou Charentes).

Among the 15 measured hemocyte characteristics, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of untreated hemocytes (maintained in filtered sterile seawater) and treated hemocytes (zymosan at 20 particles per hemocyte, and with Vibrio sp. S322 at 50 bacteria per hemocyte) was the most notable differences between families. This supports the existence of a genetic basis, at least partly, for the hemocyte characteristics of oysters, and especially for ROS production.

Among the six families analyzed, three have shown high survival during summer (named as “resistant”, mean mortality 5.2%) and three experienced high mortality during summer (named as “susceptible”, 30.6% mean mortality). Families showing high or low survival to summer mortality had similar hemocyte characteristics, regardless of the environmental conditions or reproductive state. Resistant families were observed to have higher total hemocyte counts and lower production of ROS than susceptible families. Moreover, ROS production of hemocytes from susceptible families was diminished significantly more by pathogenic Vibrio than that of resistant families. However, this study demonstrates also that rearing site strongly affected the hemocyte characteristics of all families of oysters, most notably hemocyte concentration and morphology (size and granularity), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and susceptibility to the cytotoxic activity of the pathogenic Vibrio sp. S322 (50 bacteria/hemocyte). Food availability and reproductive state are the most probable explanations for the site differences observed. Finally, it appeared difficult to link oyster survival during summer mortality to hemocyte profiles evaluated at one sampling date; other relevant indicators would probably help explaining oyster survival during summer mortality events.  相似文献   

Characterization of haemocytes of the Indian edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston)     

Gijo Ittoop  Kizhakkayil C George  Nandiath K Sanil  Rani Mary George  Kizhakkecheruvil S Sobhana  & Padmini C Nisha 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(16):1636-1643

The haemocytes of the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis were characterized using light and electron microscopy. The light microscopic study was conducted by staining a monolayer of the haemocytes with Geimsa. Cells without granules and with a large nucleus occupying much of the cytoplasmic area were grouped as hyalinocytes. Those with lesser amounts of basophilic cytoplasmic granules were characterized as semigranulocytes and those with large amounts of a mixture of acidophilic and basophilic granules were termed as granulocytes. Ultrastructural studies also revealed the presence of three types of haemocytes. Scanning electron microscopic studies were used to study the spreading behaviour of the haemocytes. Cytochemical studies revealed the presence of acidphosphatase, peroxidase and prophenol oxidase in the cells.  相似文献   

The impacts of aquacultured oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) on water column nitrogen and sedimentation: results of a mesocosm study     

Jennifer Mugg Pietros  Michael A. Rice   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):407-422

To determine effects of aquacultured oysters Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) on the overlying water column, a mesocosm study was performed at the Marine Ecosystem Research Laboratory (MERL) from June to October, 2000. The MERL facility is located adjacent to Narragansett Bay and consists of fourteen 13,000-l mesocosm tanks designed to simulate the Bay environmental conditions. Two hundred oysters (≈35 mm valve height; nominally filtering about 55 l/day/individual) were placed into three mesocosms, and three mesocosms were maintained without oysters as controls. Experiments were run with varying rates of water exchange in the tanks ranging from 0% to 100% per day (13,000 l/day). Parameters that were measured and compared between the two treatments included chlorophyll-a, particulate organic and inorganic matter, sedimentation, nitrate, ammonia, selected phytoplankton species and oyster growth rates. Oysters affected phytoplankton species composition and increased rates of sedimentation. Large diatoms were net sampled, and Nitzchia striata was predominant in mesocosms with oysters, while Skeletonema costatum dominated the control tanks. Ammonia excretion rates were determined for C. virginica using the salicylate–hypochlorite method. Ammonia excretion can be described by the allometric equation E=50.65w^0.699 when E is the ammonia excretion rate in μg/h, and w is the soft tissue dry weight in grams. Based on rates of ammonia excretion by oysters and observed steady states of ammonia and other forms of inorganic nitrogen in mesocosm tanks, it can be hypothesized that ammonia generated by oysters is taken up by rapidly regenerating phytoplankton in the water column.  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎核糖体DNA转录间隔子和线粒体基因片段序列测定   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

孔晓瑜  张留所  喻子牛  刘亚军  王清印 《中国水产科学》2002,9(4):304-308

以相应引物经PCR扩增了太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostreagigas)的核糖体转录间区域 (ITS 1和ITS 2 )及线粒体 16SrDNA和COI基因片段。PCR产物经T 载体连接后进行克隆和测序 ,分别得到长度为 5 4 3、791、5 30和 70 0bp的核苷酸序列。 4个DNA片段的A、T、G和C碱基含量分别为 2 3.5 7%、2 0 .0 7%、2 9.4 7%和 2 6 .89% (ITS 1) ,2 7.4 3%、19.2 2 %、2 7.0 5 %和2 6 .30 % (ITS 2 ) ,2 9.2 5 %、2 9.2 5 %、2 3.0 2 %和 18.4 9% (16SrDNA) ,2 2 .71%、39.4 3%、2 0 .4 3%和 17.4 3% (COI)。实验证明ITS 1和ITS 2引物在贝类中通用性良好。文中同时讨论了 4个序列在我国几种牡蛎的种类鉴别及相关研究的应用潜力  相似文献   

溢油对贝类的毒害效应以及生态风险评价     

沈盎绿  唐峰华  沈新强 《农业环境保护》2011,(7):1289-1294

通过磁力搅拌和超声波乳化等手段模拟海上溢油事故,采用常见的4种原油和4种燃料油开展对贝类的毒害效应以及生态风险评价。结果表明：根据8种油品对褶牡蛎的96h-LC50得出这8种油对褶牡蛎的整体上毒害作用的大小顺序是：F120=F180〉-20#〉F380〉TJ015〉TJ014〉TJ002〉TJ016;根据8种油品对缢蛏的96h-LC50得出这8种油对褶牡缢蛏蛎的整体上毒害作用的大小顺序是：F180〉F120〉-20#〉F380〉TJ002〉TJ015〉TJ014〉TJ016;根据8种油品对褶牡蛎的96h-LC50得出TJ016和TJ002对褶牡蛎属于低毒中风险,TJ015和TJ014对褶牡蛎属于低毒高风险,F380和-20#对褶牡蛎柴油属于中毒高风险,F180和F120对褶牡蛎属于高毒极高风险;根据8种油品对缢蛏的96h-LC50得出TJ016对缢蛏属于低毒中风险,TJ015、TJ014、TJ002和F380对缢蛏属于中毒高风险,-20#、F180和F120对缢蛏属于高毒极高风险。总之,对贝类而言,燃料油毒性比原油更大,缢蛏相对褶牡蛎对油品毒害作用更为敏感。  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎人工诱导雌核发育精子遗传失活的初步研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

李雅娟  毛连菊  李霞  丁君  赵艳荣 《大连水产学院学报》2003,18(2):109-113

用紫外线照射法对太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas精子进行不同照射剂量和照射时间的处理，并将处理后的精子与正常的太平洋牡蛎的卵进行授精实验。实验结果表明，在精子厚度为1mm时，紫外线的最佳照射时间为1min、最佳照射剂量为1500μW／cm^2，受精率为87．74％，早期胚胎成活率为92．97％，单倍体率为96．24％。实验中，在担轮幼虫期利用染色体计数和流式细胞仪测定单倍体率，并从早期胚胎存活率上观察到“Hertwig”效应的存在。  相似文献