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81.
In this paper, genetic diversity of intraspecies, and genetic relationship of interspecies in Epinephelus spp. (E. merra, E. fario, E. awoara, E. akaara and E. septemfasciatus) were assessed by using mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (mtDNA RFLPs).The samples were collected from the coastal area of Zhanjiang,Guangdong province. MtDNA was extracted from the fresh liver tissue by applying a difference centrifugation procedures. Using 17 restriction enzymes with 5-or 6-bp recognition sites, the purified mtDNA was cleaved by single enzymes. These enzymes included BamH Ⅰ,Bgl Ⅰ,Bgl Ⅱ,Dra Ⅰ,EcoR Ⅰ,EcoR Ⅴ,Hind Ⅲ,Kpn Ⅰ,Mlu Ⅰ,Pst Ⅰ,Pvu Ⅱ,Sal Ⅰ,Sca Ⅰ,Sma Ⅰ,Sty Ⅰ,Xba Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ. The phylogenetic analysis was done using the Neighbor joining(NJ) method and Unweighted pairgroup method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA) method. Genetic diversity indices such as haplotype diversity (h), average genetic distance between haplotypes (P) and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated using Nei and Li's segment method to quantify the genetic diversity within species. There were 8, 5, 8, 5 and 2 haplotypes detected within E. merra, E. fario, E.awoara, E.akaara and E. septemfasciatus, respectively. The haplotype diversity (h) was 0.8943, 0.6186, 0.9242, 0.6927 and 0.1820,respectively. The average genetic distance between haplotypes (P) was 0.62%±0.31%, 0.64%±0.37%, 1.12%±0.55%,0.72%±0.42% and 0.45%, respectively. And the nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.22%, 0.13%, 0.46%, 0.17% and 0.04%, respectively. The wild groupers in the Zhanjiang Coastal Area exhibited a relative higher level of genetic diversity. The net genetic distance between species (Pnet) was 0.0694(E. merra - E. fario),0.1337(E. merra - E. awoara),0.1090 E. merra -E. akaara), 0.1286(E. merra - E. septemfasciatus),0.1590(E. fario -E. awoara),0.0825(E. fario -E. akaara),0.1153(E. fario - E. septemfasciatus),0.1131 E. awoara - E. akaara),0.0724(E. awoara -E. septemfasciatus) and 0.1336(E. akaara - E. septemfasciatus). Both NJ and UPGMA methods yielded an identical phylogenetic tree for the five species. The E. merra and E. fario first clustered together, then joined with E. akaara, and finally clustered with E. awoara and E. septemfasciatus. 相似文献
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83.
Ontogeny of digestive and immune system organs of larval and juvenile kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus reared in the laboratory 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Keitaro KATO Katsuya ISHIMARU Yoshifumi SAWADA Junichi MUTSURO Shigeru MIYASHITA Osamu MURATA Hidemi KUMAI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(6):1061-1069
ABSTRACT: A histological examination was made of the ontogenetic development of the digestive and immune systems of the larval and juvenile kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus reared in the laboratory. The liver, gall bladder, pancreas and the demarcating region between the intestines and rectum were formed within 3 days post-hatch (dph). During the preflexion phase (within 16 dph), revolution of the intestine concluded, and pharyngeal teeth and the mucous cells of the esophagus were differentiated. In the transitional period to the juvenile stage (25 dph), the blind sac of the stomach, gastric glands and pyloric caeca began to form. From the viewpoint of the differentiation phase of the adult-type digestive system, the kelp grouper is similar to Heterosomata, hitherto reported. The primordial thymus, kidney and spleen were present at 12, 1 and 6 dph, and the small lymphocytes in these lymphoid organs appeared at 21, 30 and 33 dph, respectively. The developmental sequence of the lymphoid organs and the appearance ages of the lymphoid organs and small lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs in the kelp grouper are similar to those of other marine fish previously reported, except for the Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis . 相似文献
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Seasonal reproductive and lunar-related spawning cycles of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra inhabiting Okinawan waters were examined by histological observation of ovaries. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased beginning in May and peaked in June. Histological observations revealed that many oocytes laden with yolk were present in the ovaries from May to August. From September to October, ovaries were occupied by immature oocytes. These results suggest that the reproductive season of E. merra lasts for 4 months from May through August in Okinawan waters. When the fish were collected according to the lunar cycle, GSI increased with the approach of the full moon. Oocytes at various development stages were observed from the first quarter to the full moon. Fresh ovulatory follicles were present in the ovaries around the last quarter moon. These results suggest that E. merra has a lunar spawning cycle and spawns between the full moon and the last quarter moon. Ovarian features of the fish collected around the last quarter moon were different among individuals; some fish had many oocytes at the tertiary yolk stage in the ovaries, while the ovaries of the others were occupied by the oocytes at the peri-nucleolus and the oil droplet stages. This observation suggests that a minor release of eggs occurs in this species before or after a major spawning lunar day. Oocytes at the migratory nucleus and the maturation stages were not observed in any ovarian samples. This may mean that maturation of oocytes is related to the spawning behavior of this species and makes rapid progress in the process of aggregation at the spawning sites. 相似文献
87.
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) which act as modulators of G protein-coupled receptors. We isolated a RGS16 homologue in yellow grouper (Epinephelus awoara) spleen using suppression subtractive hybridization and RACE-PCR. The nucleotide sequence of yellow grouper RGS16 full-length cDNA was 700 bp and contained an open reading frame of 537 bp, encoding a putative protein of 178 amino acids. The encoded protein shows 47–61% identities to other homologues. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that RGS16 was expressed in yellow grouper spleen and up-regulated in kidney heart, liver, and anterior kidney by lipopolysaccharide. This study will help towards validating the specific function of RGS in marine fish. 相似文献
88.
SUMMARY: Thirty immature juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides (19–168 g bodyweight, BW) were randomly stocked in four units 6 t tanks to determine if mibolerone can be used to induce sex inversion in groupers. After acclimatization and weaning to artificial feed, the feed given daily (4% BW/day) was supplemented with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg mibolerone/kg feed for about 18 weeks. Thereafter, the hormone treatment was withdrawn and the experiment was terminated at Week 24. Ten fish were killed for gonad histology at stocking to serve as an initial control while about three to five fish were killed every 8 weeks. In general, ovaries of initial controls showed the presence of moderate stromal cells and gonia and few primary oocytes. At Weeks 8 and 16, ovaries of the control fish (0 μg/kg) were similar to that of the initial control except that primary oocytes increased at Week 24. Gonads of fish fed diets containing 100 and 200 μg/kg had none to moderate spermatocytes and few spermatids at Week 8 and 16, although spermatozoa were not observed, indicating that the fish were undergoing spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis at 50 μg/kg was not as advanced since only few spermatocytes occurred at Weeks 8 followed by moderate gonia and no spermatocytes and spermatids at Week 16. However, the presence of few primary oocytes was observed when mibolerone was withdrawn suggesting that sex-inversed fish reverted back to a female condition. These results show that sex inversion in juvenile grouper can be induced by oral administration of mibolerone and may have possible application on mature females to produce functional males. 相似文献
89.
为观察饲料中维生素E水平在云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)幼鱼抗氨氮胁迫中的作用,试验配制了维生素E水平分别为11.09、47.52、91.38、134.57、178.92 mg/kg的试验饲料,饲喂初始体重为(15.6±0.2)g的云纹石斑鱼幼鱼56 d后进行6 h氨氮胁迫,测定其血清葡萄糖(GLU)、乳酸(LD)、皮质醇(COR)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及肝脏SOD活力和MDA含量对氨氮胁迫的响应。每个维生素E水平设3个网箱(重复),每个网箱放养20尾鱼。结果显示:各组血清中GLU含量在饲喂前后无显著差异(P0.05),氨氮胁迫后血清中GLU含量随饲料中维生素E水平的升高而降低。氨氮胁迫后血清中LD含量与饲料中维生素E水平呈反比,并在饲料中维生素E水平达到47.52 mg/kg之后维持稳定。氨氮胁迫后各组血清中COR含量都有显著升高(P0.05)。当饲料中维生素E水平达到47.52 mg/kg后,饲喂56 d后再氨氮胁迫对血清和肝脏中SOD活力不产生显著影响(P0.05)。血清中CAT活力在饲喂后和氨氮胁迫后均有下降的趋势,当饲料中维生素E水平达到或超过91.38 mg/kg时不论饲喂后还是氨氮胁迫后,血清中CAT活力变化都不显著(P0.05)。在低维生素E水平(11.09和47.52 mg/kg)下,血清和肝脏中MDA含量在氨氮胁迫后均呈显著上升(P0.05);在高维生素E水平(91.38、134.57、178.92 mg/kg)下,血清和肝脏中MDA含量在氨氮胁迫后没有产生显著差异(P0.05)。在饲料维生素E水平达到或超过91.38 mg/kg时,饲喂后血清中GSH-Px活力均显著上升(P0.05),氨氮胁迫后血清中GSH-Px活力则无显著变化(P0.05)。在饲料维生素E水平达到或超过47.52 mg/kg时,血清T-AOC在饲喂后呈现显著升高(P0.05),而氨氮胁迫后又出现下降的趋势。由此得出,在本试验条件下,饲料中维生素E水平与云纹石斑鱼幼鱼的抗应激和抗氧化能力具有相关性,饲料中维生素E水平达到或超过91.38 mg/kg可有效地提高云纹石斑鱼幼鱼的抗应激和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
90.
斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分和组织游离氨基酸含量对饲料中牛磺酸含量的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本试验旨在探讨饲料中牛磺酸含量对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分及组织游离氨基酸含量的影响。以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白质源配制低牛磺酸含量的基础饲料,在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%的牛磺酸,配制成5种试验饲料。将300尾平均体重为(19.14±0.06)g斜带石斑鱼幼鱼随机分为5组(每组3个重复,每个重复20尾),每组投喂1种试验饲料,饲养周期为56 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,各牛磺酸添加组试验鱼的增重率、摄食率和饲料效率均显著增加(P0.05),内脏指数显著降低(P0.05),肝脏指数、肥满度无显著变化(P0.05)。与对照组相比,各牛磺酸添加组试验鱼全鱼粗蛋白质含量显著升高(P0.05),全鱼粗脂肪含量显著降低(P0.05),全鱼水分和粗灰分含量则无显著变化(P0.05)。各牛磺酸添加组试验鱼肝脏和肌肉中总非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、游离丝氨酸含量以及肝脏游离蛋氨酸含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。试验鱼血清、肝脏、肌肉和全鱼中牛磺酸含量随饲料中牛磺酸含量的增加而呈上升趋势,且与饲料中牛磺酸含量存在显著正相关关系(r0.907,P0.05)。随饲料中牛磺酸含量的增加,肝脏牛磺酸保留率呈上升趋势,而肌肉中牛磺酸保留率则呈先上升后下降的趋势;此外,各组试验鱼肌肉牛磺酸保留率均高于肝脏。由此得出,饲料中一定含量的牛磺酸能促进斜带石斑鱼生长和摄食,降低全鱼脂肪沉积,增加全鱼蛋白质沉积,降低组织中游离氨基酸含量。以增重率为指标,通过回归分析得出斜带石斑鱼饲料中牛磺酸的适宜含量为1.04%。 相似文献