The Ionic and Osmotic Factors Controlling Motility of Fish Spermatozoa   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Jacky Cosson 《Aquaculture International》2004,12(1):69-85

This review presents actual knowledge about energetic, ionic, osmotic and gaseous control of fish sperm motility and its duration. Right after they are activated, fish spermatozoa of most species swim for a short period of time, in the range of one to several minutes. What determines the activation process? Is it due to the new ionic, gaseous and/or osmotic environment? Why is the duration of motility so short? Is it resulting from a fast exhaustion of energy stores (ATP, ADP, AMP, PCr) combined with the above-mentioned ionic/osmotic stress leading to morphological alterations? The motility criteria (flagellar beat frequency, head displacement velocity, flagellar waves morphology, etc.) used to characterize fish sperm movement and sperm flagella will be described. Most parameters change very rapidly during the brief motility period of fish sperm. Then will be considered the main environmental factors, ionic and/or osmotic signals, responsible of the activation of fish sperm motility. Then the metabolic compounds involved in cell energetics will be considered as their concentrations also rapidly change during the motility phase. An additional feature will then be discussed concerning the mechanisms by which fish sperm cell can be revived for a second motility round at the end of the first motility period. A model is proposed to explain how external osmolarity can control internal ionic composition, the latter being the key factor controlling flagellar activity.  相似文献   

Capacity for digestive hydrolysis and amino acid absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with soybean meal or inulin with or without addition of antibiotics     

Ståle Refstie  Anne Marie Bakke-McKellep  Michael H. Penn  Anne Sundby  Karl D. Shearer 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):392-406

This experiment was done to study the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) and inulin (a prebiotic) on the capacity for digestive hydrolysis and amino acid absorption by Atlantic salmon, and how a dietary supplement of the broad-spectrum antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) modulated these responses. A control diet (FM) was made from fish meal, fish oil and extruded wheat. Two similar diets were made with 250 g soybean meal (SBM) or 75 g inulin kg^− 1. Each diet was made with or without a supplement of 3 g OTC kg^− 1. All six diets contained yttrium oxide for estimation of apparent nutrient absorption. Each diet was fed to two groups of 172 g salmon kept in 1 m² tanks with 9 °C saltwater for 3 weeks. Intestinal organs were then sampled and weighed. Gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) were sectioned for analyses of brush border alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities. Tissue from the distal intestine (DI) was also fixed for histological examination. Digesta from the different sections were freeze dried for estimation of trypsin and amylase activities, and of apparent absorption of amino acids (AA), nitrogen (N), and sulphur (S). About 85% of the trypsin activity, 70% of the amylase activity, 85% of the ALP activity, and 82% of the LAP activity were found in the proximal (PI) and mid (MI) intestine of fish with functional DI, and the absorption of AA, N, and S was quantitatively completed in the MI. Dietary OTC resulted in lower relative liver weight, but apart from increased ALP and LAP activities in DI when feeding OTC in combination with inulin, OTC did not modify the responses to dietary SBM or inulin. Dietary SBM resulted in lower relative liver weight, and induced pathomorphological changes in the DI mucosa, thus lower the ALP and LAP activities in the DI. SBM also stimulated absorption of AA, N, and S in the PI, but at the same time increased the activities of trypsin and amylase in the DI, indicating reduced re-absorption and increased faecal losses of these endogenous enzymes. Dietary inulin did not damage the DI, and stimulated intestinal growth and higher relative mass of the GIT. Inulin without OTC did not affect the hydrolytic and absorptive capacity of the salmon GIT.  相似文献   

Molasses as C source for heterotrophic bacteria production on solid fish waste     

Oliver Schneider  Vasiliki Sereti  Ep H. Eding  Johan A.J. Verreth 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1239-1248

The drumfilter effluent from a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) can be used as substrate for heterotrophic bacteria production. These bacteria can be reused as aquatic feed. In RAS drumfilter effluents are organic carbon deficient for bacteria production. This is due to nitrogen accumulation in the system water. In the present experiment, a bacteria growth reactor (3.5l) was connected to the drumfilter (filter mesh size 60 μm) outlet of a recirculation system. To counteract carbon deficiency, different supplementation levels of molasses (organic carbon) were tested (carbon fluxes of 0.0, 3.2, 5.8, 7.8, 9.7 gC molasses/l/d; C:N ratios: 3.4, 6.4, 9.4, 13.0 and 16.5). The hydraulic retention time in the bacteria reactor was 6 h. For the maximum flux, the VSS and crude protein productions were about 168 gVSS and 95 g crude protein per kg feed. The maximum conversion of nitrate and ortho-phosphate was 24 g NO₃₋N and 4 gP/kg feed. This equals a conversion of 90% of the inorganic nitrogenous waste and 98% of the ortho-phosphate-P. Furthermore the maximum substrate removal rate and the K_s for molasses were determined (1.62 gC/l/h and 0.097 gC/l respectively). The maximum specific removal rate was 0.31 gC/gVSS/h and the related half saturation constant was 0.008 gC/l. The observed growth rate reached a maximum for C fluxes higher than 8 g/l/d. The present integration of heterotrophic bacteria production in RAS represents, therefore, an innovative option to reduce waste discharge by conversion. If the bacteria are reused as feed, system's ecological sustainability increases.  相似文献   

鲤鱼单极虫病组织病理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖国华  张卫平 《河北渔业》1992,(4):14-17

本文报道了1989年以来,造成王快水库等网箱养鲤大批死亡的单极虫病,病鱼出现烂鳃、肛门红肿、腹部膨大,腹腔内有大量粘液等症状;显微观察的结果为:各组织器官发生病变,肠上皮细胞严重坏死,平滑肌纤维发生玻璃样变及解体,鳃丝充血,鳃小片融合,肝细胞核溶解、坏死。  相似文献   

江河船体式网箱养鱼的评述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶元土 《水产科技情报》1995,22(6):254-256

作者认为，江河船体式网箱养鱼作为一种新型的养殖方式，应对饲养对象的选择，流量控制，汛期的环境变化（水位，泥沙含量，固体污染物侵袭），以及船体的材料结构等进行深入研究，取得必要的基础资料，以促进江河船体式网箱养鱼稳步健康地发展。  相似文献   

光合细菌固定化及其净化养鱼水质的研究   总被引：40，自引：2，他引：40  

战培荣 《水产学报》1997,21(1):97-100

  相似文献   

普通菜籽粕(饼)的发酵处理及其应用     

刘进远  屈东  余丹  李斌  陈瑾  邹成义 《四川畜牧兽医》2014,(6):27-29

本文简要综述了普通菜籽粕(饼)的营养特性、质量标准和饲用价值,介绍了菜籽粕(饼)的发酵技术及其产品质量标准,并列出了发酵菜籽粕(饼)在生猪日粮中的用量和相应配方。  相似文献   

玉米蛋白粉与豆粕在反刍动物瘤胃内降解动力学评定分析     

孔平  陈傲东  赵伟利  何佳文  刘晨黎  高巍 《西北农业学报》2014,23(11):30-34

对玉米蛋白粉(CGM)及豆粕(SBM)的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)及粗蛋白质(CP)在反刍动物瘤胃内的有效降解率及瘤胃降解前后色氨酸(Trp)的质量分数变化进行比较评定。选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的平均体质量28kg的育肥哈萨克公羊作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋技术对2种饲料的DM、OM及CP在育肥羊瘤胃内的有效降解率、瘤胃停留时间及降解前后的Trp质量分数进行测定。结果表明:在瘤胃固相食糜的平均外流速度为1.84%·h-1条件下,豆粕和玉米蛋白粉DM、OM及CP的有效降解率(ED)分别为72.86%、66.16%、55.27%和59.66%、59.19%、48.10%,瘤胃停留时间(RRT)分别为14.75h和21.93h。随着豆粕在瘤胃内培养时间的延长,色氨酸质量分数显著降低(P0.05),玉米蛋白粉的色氨酸在降解前后无明显变化(P0.05)。  相似文献   

发酵豆粕的营养价值及其在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用     

苏恺  蔡仁贤  熊罗英  刘唤明  王伯勇  卢少凯  邹永基  刘艳芬 《西北农业学报》2014,23(4):117-123

为了研究发酵处理对豆粕营养价值的影响和在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用,将(25±3)日龄,体质量相近,临床健康的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪108头,随机分为3个组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组,分别饲喂普通豆粕、新鲜发酵豆粕和风干发酵豆粕,每组3个重复,每个重复12头猪,观察发酵豆粕对仔猪生长性能、健康状况、抗氧化性能及免疫功能的影响。结果表明:经过发酵处理后,豆粕中β-伴大豆球蛋白含量、脲酶活性显著降低,蛋白质水解度显著增加;试验前期,饲喂发酵豆粕的断奶仔猪日增质量显著高于对照组,料质量比则显著降低;仔猪血清SOD和GSH活性显著升高,饲喂发酵豆粕能显著提高血清IgG水平,显著降低仔猪腹泻率。总体来看,风干发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪的应用效果与新鲜发酵豆粕相当。  相似文献   

鱼类精氨酸营养生理研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

万军利  麦康森  艾庆辉 《中国水产科学》2006,13(4):679-685

精氨酸为鱼类的必需氨基酸之一，其在鱼体内参与蛋白质、多胺的合成，促进生长；精氨酸具有促内分泌作用；精氨酸可在体内生成一氧化氮，一氧化氮参与鱼类心血管活动、免疫功能的调节。某些鱼类可能具有自身精氨酸的合成能力。鱼类赖氨酸一精氨酸拮抗存在种问差异。本研究从精氨酸的合成、生理功能、与赖氨酸的关系以及需求量等方面对鱼类精氨酸的营养生理研究进行了综述。[中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：679-685]  相似文献