Cu²⁺胁迫对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)酚氧化酶原激活系统活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张娟  魏克强  赵婷 《农业环境科学学报》2016,35(5):865-870

重金属铜是养殖水体的主要污染物,严重影响甲壳动物的免疫机能。以淡水克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)为实验对象,以亚致死浓度(1.0、3.0、5.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1),96-h LC50=22.14 mg·L~(-1))的Cu~(2+)为胁迫因子,采用静态水质接触染毒法,通过分析血细胞内酚氧化酶原(pro PO)、丝氨酸蛋白酶(SP)以及血淋巴中酚氧化酶(PO)、血蓝蛋白(Hc)和血细胞数(THC)的水平,探讨了Cu~(2+)胁迫对酚氧化酶原激活系统(pro PO-AS)活性的影响。结果表明,与未染毒的对照组相比,Cu~(2+)显著抑制proPO、PO的活性以及THC、Hc的含量(P0.05);但仅在10.0 mg·L~(-1)Cu~(2+)浓度下,SP的活性显著降低(P0.05)。研究结果提示,水体Cu~(2+)对螯虾具有免疫毒性效应,氧化应激导致的血细胞数、血蓝蛋白含量、丝氨酸蛋白酶活性抑制可能是影响pro PO-AS活性的主要机制之一。  相似文献   

克氏原螯虾雄性生殖系统的超微结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄文虎  龚世园 《水产学报》2012,36(4):514-521

采用透射电镜研究了克氏原螯虾输精管的超微结构,采用石蜡切片法研究了克氏原螯虾的精巢、输精管和精荚的显微结构,并对精巢做了周年变化研究。结果表明,精巢由许多生精小囊和收集管组成,其结构呈葡萄串状,生殖细胞在生精小囊内发育成熟后由收集管输送到输精管;输精管有左右两条,相对于左侧输精管,右侧输精管比其约长一半,直径更大,卷曲程度更高,内容物含量更多,分泌细胞内的内质网含量更丰富;输精管根据形态不同分为前、中、后、生殖突4段,前中段具有分泌精荚壁物质的功能,后段具有储存、射出精荚的功能,末端生殖突为输精管出口;精荚呈长囊形或椭球形,由精子团、精荚基质和两层精荚壁组成,精子团偏向精荚一侧分布;克氏原螯虾雄虾精巢在一周年中的5—8月和10月处于精子细胞期的生精小囊比例很高,具有两个成熟时期。  相似文献   

Shadow area and partitioning influencing mortality,healthiness and growth of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda)     

Cheng Huang  Qing‐Hai Xiong  Jian‐Qing Tang  Min Wu 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(11):1677-1686

Crayfish show both shelter‐seeking behaviour and agonistic behaviour. Agonistic interactions among crayfish combatants can be triggered and released by the access of shelter, which is a necessary resource for crayfish. The use of shadow as a shelter has not been thoroughly tested in experiments. In this study, we provided the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) with different shadow area and shadow partition to test if shadow can act as a solid shelter. Eleven different treatments designed with different shadow area and partition, and 2640 juvenile crayfish were used. The survival rate increased with the increase of shadow area ratio. The shadow area contributed less to the body weight gain and the number of the survivals without injury. The growth variance of the juveniles under shadow conditions was significantly lower than those maintained without providing shadow. Under the recent experimental settings, generally, more partitioned shadow resulted in lower mortality. With 60% shadow area, more partitioned shadow led to higher body weight gain. The more the partition was provided, the fewer were the injury events, and the lower body weight variance observed. Our experiments indicated that both area and partition of the shadow influenced the growth of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish.  相似文献   

克氏原螯虾暴发病细菌性病原的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈昌福  刘远高  何广文  杨军 《华中农业大学学报》2009,28(2)

从患暴发病的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的肝胰腺中分离到3株细菌.人工注射感染显示,KSAX-3分离菌在浓度1010cfu/mL时可使95%以上健康克氏原螯虾死亡;在106cfu/mL浓度时可导致70%的健康克氏原螯虾死亡,并使克氏原螯虾出现明显的与自然条件下相似的疾病症状,试验结果表明该分离菌为克氏原螯虾致病菌.KSAX-3菌的主要生理生化特性为:革兰氏阴性,单鞭毛,发酵葡萄糖,甘露醇、氧化酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性,精氨酸脱羧酶、水杨酸、枸橼酸盐(西蒙氏)阴性,在含0%、10%NaCl的普通培养基中不生长,在含2%、4%、6%、8%NaCl的普通培养基中生长,在30℃、35℃、40℃、42℃条件下生长良好.鉴定该菌为副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus).药敏试验结果表明,该菌对盐酸土霉素、盐酸四环素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、金霉素、硫酸卡那霉素、交沙霉素、烟酸诺氟沙星等8种药物敏感.  相似文献   

美国路易斯安那州的克氏原螯虾产业发展概述   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵朝阳  周鑫  徐增洪  徐跑  戈贤平 《江西农业学报》2009,21(2)

阐述了美国路易斯安那州的克氏原螯虾产业的概况,包括路易斯安那州的螯虾养殖业发展简史、螯虾历年的渔获状况、近十年来的螯虾批发价格统计及典型的养殖模式等,为国内克氏原螯虾业发展提供借鉴。  相似文献   

多重周期饥饿后克氏原螯虾的补偿生长及生理指标变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何金星  周雪瑞  唐建清  黄成 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(34)

[目的]探讨克氏原螯虾的生理指标与其饥饿补偿生长的相关关系。[方法]通过分组饲养试验研究了不同周期性饥饿对试验螯虾生长和生理指标的影响。[结果]72d后,SR22、SR44和SR66组的螯虾体重极显著高于对照组,SR11组的螯虾体重和对照组无显著差异;各处理组螯虾的单周期特殊生长率均高于对照组。SR11、SR22和SR44组螯虾SOD活性和存活率与对照组无显著差异。随着饥饿时间的增加,螯虾的消化酶活性、含肉率和肌糖原含量在SR00、SR11、SR22和SR44组极显著上升,在SR66、SR88、SR1212和SR1818组极显著下降;其肝糖原含量和肝体比在SR00、SR11、SR22和SR44组呈上升趋势。SR66和SR88组螯虾的消化酶活性极显著高于对照组。SR44组的肠胃淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性最高。螯虾的肝体比、肌糖原含量、肝糖原含量均在SR44组达到极大值,在SR1818组达到极小值。[结论]该研究为提高克氏原螯虾的养殖收益奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

Comparative acute toxicity of neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides to non‐target crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) associated with rice–crayfish crop rotations     

Gary C Barbee  Michael J Stout 《Pest management science》2009,65(11):1250-1256

BACKGROUND: Most insecticides used to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuscel) infestations are pyrethroids. However, pyrethroids are highly toxic to non‐target crayfish associated with rice–crayfish crop rotations. One solution to the near‐exclusive reliance on pyrethroids in a rice–crayfish pest management program is to incorporate neonicotinoid insecticides, which are insect specific and effective against weevils but not extremely toxic to crayfish. This study aimed to take the first step to assess neonicotinoids as alternatives to pyrethroids in rice–crayfish crop rotations by measuring the acute toxicities of three candidate neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, to juvenile Procambarus clarkii (Girard) crayfish and comparing them with the acute toxicities of two currently used pyrethroid insecticides, lambda‐cyhalothrin and etofenprox. RESULTS: Neonicotinoid insecticides are at least 2–3 orders of magnitude less acutely toxic (96 h LC₅₀) than pyrethroids to juvenile Procambarid crayfish: lambda‐cyhalothrin (0.16 µg AI L^?1) = etofenprox (0.29 µg AI L^?1) ? clothianidin (59 µg AI L^?1) > thiamethoxam (967 µg AI L^?1) > dinotefuran (2032 µg AI L^?1). CONCLUSION: Neonicotinoid insecticides appear to be much less hazardous alternatives to pyrethroids in rice–crayfish crop rotations. Further field‐level neonicotinoid acute and chronic toxicity testing with crayfish is needed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

一株克氏原螯虾雷氏普罗威登斯菌的分离鉴定与联合药敏试验     

董靖  张露珊  张国栋  刘永涛  刘绍春  杨移斌  艾晓辉 《浙江农业学报》2022,34(1):24-32

为了探明克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)5—6月死亡的病因并制定相应的治疗方案,本试验从患病克氏原螯虾肝胰腺中分离到1株病原菌(L20190509),通过生理生化特征、16S rRNA序列分析和进化树进行鉴定,通过琼脂扩散法测定了该菌株的药物敏感性,进一步研究了抗菌药物与天然化合物的联合抑菌作用.结...  相似文献   

克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张莎  俞树惠  邱高峰 《水产学报》2018,42(10):1513-1519

染色体是遗传物质的载体,是研究细胞遗传学的基础,为研究克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型,实验以性未成熟雄性个体的精巢为材料,采用低渗和空气干燥常规方法制备细胞分裂中期染色体标本,研究了克氏原螯虾染色体及核型。Giemsa和DAPI染色后在显微镜下观察到清晰的精母细胞减数分裂中期二价体和精原细胞有丝分裂中期染色体时相。对减数分裂中期二价体及有丝分裂中期染色体进行了数目上的统计。结果显示,克氏原螯虾二倍与单倍染色体数目分别为2N=188和N=94。由于有丝分裂染色体形状微小,核型分析困难,故选取减数分裂中期二价体,根据长度及着丝点位置对其进行了初步核型分析,核型公式为N=55M+22(SM,ST)+17T,未发现异形性染色体。  相似文献   

Reproduction efficiency of the crayfish Procambarus acanthophorus in relation to size and diet     

Lorenzo Díaz-Jiménez  Carlos I. Pérez-Rostro 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2018,30(3):285-296

Reproductive efficiency of the largest individuals and a random group of broodstock of crayfish Procambarus acanthophorus was measured using two commercial shrimp feeds, Feed 1 (F1) broodstocks (40%/9% protein/lipids) and Feed 2 (F2) growth-out (35%/7% protein/lipids). An experimental design of four treatments with two replicates was used. Females were labeled with elastomers to determine the time between spawning and number of offspring per treatment. The number of ovigerous females in the largest individuals fed F2 (58) was significantly higher than ovigerous females in the control group fed F1 (30).The number of young crayfish per female produced in the largest individuals (173 ± 71.6) treatment was significantly higher than the crayfish produced in the control group (86.6 ± 42.6). The average interval between spawns, regardless of diet, in the largest females was 2.9 months and 2.6 months in control group females.  相似文献