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1.
同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草杂交结实的胚胎学证据 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在以6份同源四倍体水稻为杂交母本与狼尾草进行属间杂交中发现,其结实率达到0.84%~2.06%,而在以二倍体水稻为母本的属间杂交中却没有获得结实种子.利用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术对属间杂交结籽的特殊生殖现象进行了观察研究,试图寻找其杂交结实的胚胎学证据.结果表明,狼尾草的花粉粒不能在二倍体水稻的柱头上萌发,说明二倍体水稻与狼尾草的生殖隔离很严格,两者很难杂交.然而,狼尾草的花粉粒在同源四倍体水稻的柱头上能萌发,花粉管能在花柱中伸长并能将雄配子送入胚囊内与雌配子融合成受精卵.同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草的受精作用比较特殊,包括精细胞与卵细胞的单受精作用、精细胞与次生极核的单受精作用和正常的双受精作用,总受精率和总成胚率分别为6.36%~11.68%和4.11%~9.44%.试验结果为解释同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草杂交结籽的特殊生殖现象提供了有力的胚胎学证据. 相似文献
2.
葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的离体培养 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
为了克服葡萄二倍体品种与四倍体品种之间的交配障碍,进行了杂交胚珠的离体培养研究。发芽胚珠的取样时期集中于授粉后35~75d,其中多数以二倍体作母本的组合在授粉后55d取样的发芽率最高,以四倍体作母本的组合授粉后70d取样的发芽率最高。基本培养模式为:发育培养基-(剥胚)萌发培养基-生长培养基。用二倍体品种作母本时,所有组合均获得了培养苗,在1号培养基上培养的胚珠发芽率高于2号培养基。反交对培养基的要求有相反趋势,其中2个组合未得到培养苗。授粉后60d,直接剥出杂种胚进行培养,得到了最高发芽率。综合分析初步认为,用二倍体品种作母本比用四倍体品种作母本容易获得杂交后代。 相似文献
3.
不同倍性鸭茅同功酶比较研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用生化遗传学的方法,对我国亚热带地区几个二倍体和四倍体野生鸭茅不同生育期的酯酶,过氧化物酶同功酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,鸭茅二倍体各品系之间,四倍体各品种(系)之间的同源性较高,遗传差异较小,二倍体与四倍体之间,酯酶,过氧经物酶同功酶等都有较大差异。 相似文献
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5.
【目的】选育适合露地爬地栽培和大棚立架栽培的四倍体西瓜新品种,提高广西西瓜产业竞争力。【方法】于2008年利用四倍体西瓜403作母本,四倍体西瓜JL作父本,配组选育四倍体一代杂交种兴桂六号,2009-2010年,连续两年进行露地爬地栽培品比试验,2011-2012年,连续两年进行大棚立架栽培品比试验。【结果】兴桂六号全生育期春造90-100 d,秋造65-80 d,果实发育期29-35 d。单果重3.5-4.5 kg,果实圆形,表皮深绿覆盖墨绿条带,有光泽,皮厚1.0-1.2 cm,耐贮运。果肉大红色,剖面光滑,纤维黄筋少,种籽少,汁多,质实、细密、清甜爽口,品质优,中心含糖11.5%。2009-2010年,连续两年露地爬地栽培品比试验,平均产量分别为38081.3和34602.8 kg/ha,分别比对照增产15.6%和13.7%。2011-2012年,连续两年大棚立架栽培品比试验平均产量分别为66577.5和63169.5 kg/ha,分别比对照增产18.1%和15.0%。2012年广西西瓜区域试验平均产量34182.0 kg/ha,比对照增产10.8%;2010-2012年,露地爬地生产栽培示范试验平均产量32550.0-36585.0 kg/ha,比对照增产10.6%-15.5%;大棚立架生产栽培试验平均产量60178.5-63168.0 kg/ha,比对照增产12.6%-15.2%。【结论】四倍体杂交西瓜新品种兴桂六号适宜露地栽培和大棚立体栽培,在广西西瓜种植区均可推广种植。 相似文献
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Summary The interspecific (C. arabica × tetraploid C. canephora) F1 hybrid showed a low but highly variable fertility. An almost complete restoration to normal fertility was observed in individual trees of BC1 and BC2 generations with C. arabica as recurrent parent. From a comparison of various tests of fertility, it was found that pollen viability is a satisfactory measure of fertility. 相似文献
8.
Nineteen tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum), differing in their agronomical behaviour and geographic origins were grown in two experiments and analysed for the following physiological traits: soluble leaf protein content, rubisco content, initial and potential carboxylase activities of this enzyme as well as its relative content in percentage of protein, the specific activity of the enzyme and its activation state. The results show a high genetic variability for all studied traits and more particularly for the initial carboxylase activity. High phenotypic correlation was observed between the rubisco content and its potential activities, in the first experiment. Correlation between souble leaf protein and rubisco content was significant in 9 genotypes of the second experiment. 相似文献
9.
Summary A combination of compatible second pollinations and embryo rescue was applied for systematic production of true tetraploid hybrids from crosses between disomic tetraploid Solanum acaule and tetrasomic tetraploid potato, S. tuberosum. Several genotypes of tetraploid potatoes were pollinated with S. acaule, and the compatible second pollinations were made on the following day, with a genotype of S. phureja, IvP 35 to promote fruit development. Embryo rescue was carried out in 21 families, 14 to 27 days after the first pollination. A total of eight plants were obtained from the embryo rescue and their chromosome numbers were counted in the root tips. Three of the eight plants were identified as tetraploid, and five others as diploid. Morphology, isozyme banding patterns, and pollen stainability, as well as potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) resistance, indicated the hybrid nature of the three plants. This is the first report of successful tetraploid hybrid production between disomic tetraploid S. acaule (4x) and tetrasomic tetraploid potatoes. Seed set from the crosses between one of hybrids and diploid potatoes indicated workable levels of both male and female fertility for introgression of valuable genes from S. acaule into the cultivated potato gene pool. The methodology used may be applied to other disomic tetraploid tuber-bearing Solanum species and with some modifications also to distantly related solanaceous species and genera. 相似文献
10.
Helena Poyarkova 《Euphytica》1988,38(1):11-23
Summary Research on the morphology, geography and infraspecific taxonomics of Triticum dicoccoides Körn. performed during the 80 years since its rediscovery by Aaronsohn is reviewed. T. dicoccoides is a vluable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated wheat. Its intraspecific structure is, however, not known sufficiently. It is evident that T. dicoccoides is subdivided into two morphologically and geographically distinct forms. The intepretations of these forms by various authors are diverse. There is also no consensus concerning their geographical within the general range of T. dicoccoides. It is necessary to carry out a detailed morphological study in order to define their taxonomical rank and specify their ranges. It would be expedient to perform comparative genetic, biochemical and agronomic investigations of the two T. dicoccoides infraspecific types. 相似文献