不同根颈直径苜蓿生理生化特性对低温胁迫的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱爱民  黄卫丽  韩国栋  张玉霞  王显国  武倩 《草地学报》2021,29(10):2214-2220

为了探究不同颈粗苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）的抗寒性与其根颈中生理生化特性的关系。以‘公农1号’紫花苜蓿为试验材料,对不同颈粗（3.50 mm,5.25 mm,7.00 mm）苜蓿根系进行低温胁迫（4℃,-10℃,-15℃,-20℃）处理,测定了苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：低温胁迫对苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量、非结构碳氮比（Cnstructured carbon nitrogen ratio,C/N）及过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）活性均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;随低温胁迫的增加不同颈粗的苜蓿根颈活力均降低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均呈增加-降低-增加的变化,淀粉含量、C/N和CAT活性均呈先增加后降低的趋势;苜蓿根颈活力大小与根颈中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、CAT活性及C/N显著相关（P<0.05）。研究认为,根颈直径大的苜蓿抗寒性较强,其通过调控根颈中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和CAT活性及C/N以适应低温胁迫。  相似文献   

过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、乳成分和血液生化指标的影响     

姜富贵  李德鹏  成海建  苏文政  张召坤  时光  宋恩亮 《中国乳业》2021,(7):25-31

为研究日粮添加过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、乳成分、血液生化指标和经济效益的影响,选择96 头体况良好、健康的泌乳早期荷斯坦牛,泌乳天数为（65±15）天。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,按照年龄、胎次和产奶量相近的原则,将96 头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组48 头。对照组为基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸（RPMet）和过瘤胃赖氨酸（RPLys）,添加量分别为18 g/头·天和35 g/头·天。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加RPMet和RPLys显著提高产奶量（P=0.034）,对干物质采食量和饲料转化率无显著影响（P>0.050）;添加RPMet和RPLys显著降低乳尿素氮含量（P=0.015）,对乳脂率有增加的趋势（P=0.096）,对乳蛋白率、乳体细胞数、乳糖率和总固形物含量无显著影响（P>0.050）;添加RPMet和RPLys显著提高血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）和血糖（GLU）含量,显著降低尿素氮（BUN）含量（P=0.049）,对谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、球蛋白（GLOB）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、甘油三酯（TG）和总胆固醇（TC）含量无显著影响（P>0.050）;添加RPMet和RPLys可提高经济效益3.60 元/头·天。综上所述,日粮添加RPMet和RPLys可提高泌乳早期奶牛的产奶量,增加经济效益。  相似文献   

A review of okara (soybean curd residue) utilization as animal feed: Nutritive value and animal performance aspects     

Mohammad Mijanur Rahman  Khairiyah Mat  Genki Ishigaki  Ryo Akashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13594

Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4–22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0–14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9–39.1%), crude fiber (12.2–61.3%), crude fat (4.9–21.5%), and ash (3.4–5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals.  相似文献   

不同形式补铁补硒对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响     

李梁梁  王玉霞  许方方  李凤华  焦莉 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(2):11-18

[目的] 比较母猪和仔猪不同形式的补铁补硒对仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响。[方法] 将32头母猪随机分为8组,每组4头,1~4组基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠,5~8组基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸。2组和6组母猪所产仔猪于3日龄肌注铁硒合剂;3组和7组仔猪基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠;4组和8组仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸;1组和5组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,不接受任何形式的补铁补硒。母猪预产期前30 d开始饲喂试验日粮,仔猪7日龄时开始饲喂试验日粮,试验至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。测定并比较不同组别仔猪生长性能指标、血液生化指标以及免疫性能指标,以及不同组别母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量。[结果] 在仔猪补铁补硒形式相同的条件下,母猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸（5~8组）与基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠（1~4组）相比,能够显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）提高仔猪的初生重、断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,2日龄和21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量,以及母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量;在2种形式的母猪补铁补硒条件下,与不补铁补硒相比,仔猪不同补铁补硒形式（2~4组和6~8组）对其断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,以及21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量均有极显著（P<0.01）的提高作用,并且仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸的效果优于肌注铁硒合剂和基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠。[结论] 母猪和仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸,能有效提升仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫性能。  相似文献   

Socio-spatial organization reveals paternity and low kinship in the Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba) in Costa Rica     

Edgar G. GUTIÉRREZ  Isabela VIVAS-TORO  Daniela CARMONA-RUÍZ  David VILLALOBOS-CHAVES  Bernal RODRÍGUEZ-HERRERA  Melina Del REAL-MONROY  Gloria LEÓN-AVILA  Jorge ORTEGA 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(5):646-658

Ectophylla alba is a tent-making bat that roosts in mixed-sex clusters comprising adults and offspring. Our goal was to determine the genetic identity of individuals belonging to different roosting groups. We tested the hypothesis of kin selection as a major force structuring group composition. We used 9 microsatellites designed for E. alba to determine the genetic identity and probability of parentage of individuals. We analyzed parentage and kinship using the software ML-Relate, GenAIEx, and Cervus. The obtained relationship probabilities (0.5) revealed a clear maternal relationship between female adults and offspring with allele compatibility, and at least 5 relationships between male adults and pups. We found a low degree of relatedness within roosting groups. Between roosting groups at different sites, the mean probability of a half-sibling relationship ranged from 0.214 to 0.244 and, for full-sibling relationship, from 0.383 to 0.553. Genetically, adult individuals were poorly related within clusters, and kinship as an evolutionary force could not explain group membership.  相似文献   

制种玉米密度对土壤水分及产量构成的影响研究     

刘兴成  彭治云  李永德  陆祥生 《节水灌溉》2015,(2):27-30

通过田间试验,就制种玉米密度对土壤水分、农艺性状、产量构成及产量的影响进行了研究分析。结果表明:1在拔节期以前,低密组的土壤含水量比高密组的高;在拔节期到灌浆期,高密组的比低密组的高。在整个生育期,拔节期前土壤含水量比较高,而后逐渐降低,吐丝期达到最低,然后又逐步上升。2在一定密度范围内,制种玉米株高、亩产量随着密度的增大而增加单株产量产量相反;叶长、穗粗、穗粒数先随着密度的增大而减小,后随着密度的增大而增大;叶宽、穗长、百粒重、出籽率先随着密度的增大而增加,后随着密度的增大而减小;叶面积、茎粗、穗位先随着密度的增大而减小,后随着密度的增大而增加,然后又随着密度的增大而减小,秃顶变化规律相反。  相似文献   

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves     

FAN Chao  WU Yong  LIU Xiao-ran  FAN Hai-bo  LI Jing  YANG Li-guo  LI Xiang 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(7):1749-1754

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.  相似文献   

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism,and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Super Merino Lamb     

WANG Chun-xin  ZHAO Yun-hui  ZHAO Zhuo  ZHU Jing-liang  ZHAI Bo  ZHAO Feng-jiang  ZHANG Ming-xin 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(1):108-113

The experiment aimed to find out the effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, digestion and metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of Super Merino lamb after weaning.According to the dietary crude protein level, 64 Super Merino weaned lambs were divided into four groups, which the crude protein levels were 13.25%(group Ⅰ), 14.33%(group Ⅱ), 15.53%(group Ⅲ) and 16.60%(group Ⅳ), respectively.The experiment lasted for 60 days, 30 days for the early stage and 30 days for the later stage;And on the 30th and 60th day, blood samples were collected from one head sheep chosen from each replication, and at the end of the feeding test, 3 lambs were randomly selected from each experiment group for a 15 days digestion and metabolism experiment.The results showed that ADFI and ADG in the early and total trial period were significant differences(P<0.05), ADFI and ADG of group Ⅲ were higher than others.The apparent digestibility of nutrients and ME/DE were not significantly changed(P>0.05).In the detection of serum biochemical indexes, there was no significant difference in the earlier stage(P>0.05);At the end of the test, PK and CK showed significant difference between groups(P<0.05).PK presented a rising trend as the protein level improved, CK of group Ⅰ was higher than other groups.In Super Merino lamb early weaning diet, 15.53% protein level in the diet could significantly improve ADG, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, metabolic energy digestibility.At the end of the test, PK and CK were affected by dietary crude protein level significantly.  相似文献   

Growth performance,carcass traits,physiochemical characteristics and intramuscular fatty acid composition of finishing Japanese black steers fed soybean curd residue and soy sauce cake          下载免费PDF全文

Kaori Yasuda  Masayuki Kitagawa  Kazato Oishi  Hiroyuki Hirooka  Takemi Tamura  Hajime Kumagai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(7):885-895

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary soybean curd residue (SCR) and soy sauce cake (SSC) on the growth performance, carcass traits and physiochemical and intramuscular fatty acid (FA) characteristics in Japanese Black steers. Ten steers (29.7 ± 0.3 months old, 856.6 ± 24.4 kg body weight) were assigned to either treatment C, fed a conventional concentrate or T, fed the test diet including dried SCR and SSC for 3 months. In growth performance, dry matter (DM) intake and average daily gain, and carcass traits did not differ significantly between the treatments. Color of beef was affected by the dietary treatments and meat samples from T showed higher a^* value and chroma than those in C. On FA composition, there was no significant difference between the treatments in neutral lipids, whereas in polar lipids, meat samples from T had higher C16:1 (P < 0.05) and tended to have higher C16:0 (P = 0.05) and C18:1 (P = 0.08), but lower C17:0 (P = 0.098), C18:2 (P = 0.06) and C20:4 (P = 0.07) than those from C. The study suggested that SCR and SSC could be used as a substitute for conventional concentrate and would influence meat color and intramuscular FA composition of polar lipids.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on laying performance,egg quality,blood biochemistry and immune response of organic laying hens          下载免费PDF全文

C. Forte  L. Moscati  G. Acuti  C. Mugnai  M. P. Franciosini  S. Costarelli  G. Cobellis  M. Trabalza‐Marinucci 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(5):977-987

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different probiotic micro‐organisms on the performance, egg quality and blood parameters of organically reared hens. A total of 900 16‐week‐old Hy‐Line layer hybrids were randomly assigned to three groups of 300 birds each. The control (CTR) group was fed a corn–soya bean cake‐based diet; the L group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.1% Lactobacillus acidophilus, while the B group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.05% Bacillus subtilis. Data were recorded at the beginning (weeks 5 and 6: T1) and at the end (weeks 19 and 20: T2) of the experiment, and no differences in hen performance were recorded between dietary groups or sampling times. All of the investigated clinical chemistry parameters, except GGT, were affected by diet (p < 0.05), with the best results recorded for the probiotic‐treated groups. The immune‐response values showed higher blood bactericidal activity in the B and L groups at T2 (p < 0.05) and a lower lysozime concentration in the B group at T1. Higher antibody production against Newcastle disease virus was observed in the L group compared to the CTR (p = 0.013). No differences in oxidative status were recorded, and no effects of diet on egg quality were observed. Among the physical egg characteristics, only the Roche scale colour was affected by diet (p < 0.05): the egg yolk was paler in the L group. The age of the hen was the most relevant factor affecting physical egg characteristics. The chemical parameters of the egg were almost unaffected by supplementation with probiotics except for the lipid content, which decreased with the L diet (p < 0.05). Both probiotic inclusions had beneficial effects on hen metabolism and welfare, and L. acidophilus induced the best immune response.  相似文献