根间作用及供水水平对玉米豌豆间作中豌豆结瘤特性的影响     

陈桂平  赵财  冯福学  殷文 《农业现代化研究》2015,36(3):488-493

以玉米间作豌豆为研究对象,在隔根和不同灌水水平下,研究了根间作用和水分对间作豌豆根瘤数及根瘤重的影响,分析了根瘤数和根瘤重与豌豆产量的相关关系,以期为干旱条件下提高间作豆科的结瘤固氮能力提供理论依据。结果表明:1)与玉米间作不利于豌豆根瘤的形成,单作豌豆根瘤数较未隔根、部分隔根和完全隔根间作豌豆的根瘤数分别高16.0%-17.8%、26.2%-59.5%和37.9%-69.9%,根瘤重分别高26.9%-49.9%、129.2%-155.2%和170.6%-136.9%。2)间作群体内,充分的根间作用有利于增加豌豆的根瘤数和根瘤重,未隔根与完全隔根间作豌豆相比,其根瘤数和根瘤重分别高18.8%-45.6%和58.6%-124.9%。3)增加灌水有利于增加豌豆的根瘤数和根瘤重,但间作加剧了干旱对豌豆结瘤数的不利影响。4)间作具有显著提高豌豆产量的优势,未隔根、部分隔根和完全隔根间作豌豆的产量较单作豌豆分别提高了22.6%-30.8%、19.0%-24.5%和6.6%-14.0%,灌水量越大、根间作用越充分,间作豌豆增产越高。5)间作豌豆的产量与根瘤数、根瘤重呈显著的二次曲线相关,保持适量根瘤数是获取间作豌豆高产的可行途径之一。  相似文献   

Seed protein amino acid composition of important local grain legumes Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L., Pisum sativum L. and Vicia faba L.     

H. Schumacher  H. M. Paulsen  A. E. Gau  W. Link  H. U. Jürgens  O. Sass  R. Dieterich 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(2):156-164

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RFLP mapping of an aphid resistance gene in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)     

G. O. Myers  C. A. Fatokun  N. D. Young 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):181-187

Summary Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis has several advantages over traditional methods of genetic linkage mapping, one of these being the starting point for map-based cloning. The recent development of an RFLP map of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) has allowed the investigation of associations between genes of interest and RFLP markers. A cross between an aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) resistant cultivated cowpea, TT84S-2246-4, and an aphid susceptible wild cowpea, NI 963, was screened for both aphid phenotype and RFLP marker segregation. One RFLP marker, bg4D9b, was found to be tightly linked to the aphid resistance gene (Rac ₁) and several flanking markers in the same linkage group (linkage group 1) were also identified. The close association of Rac ₁ and RFLP bg4D9b presents a real potential for cloning this insect resistance gene.  相似文献   

Nodulation and N2 fixation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) after soil amendment with crop residues     

Bakach Dikand Kadiata  Feng Yan  Sven Schubert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(6):725-731

The effect of prior soil amendment with different N sources at 50 mg N (kg soil)^—1 on nodulation and N₂ fixation of faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Troy) using wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Star) as reference crop was assessed in a pot experiment. Four treatments viz legume manure (LEGM) as clover shoots, cereal manure (CEREM) as barley straw, N fertilizer (FERT‐N) as Ca(NO₃)₂, and no‐manure control (NOMAN) were investigated consecutively at 45, 70, and 90 days after sowing (DAS). Faba bean nodulated profusely, with an increase on average from 629 nodules per pot at 45 DAS to nearly 2.3‐ and 3.3‐fold at 70 and 90 DAS, respectively. Low nodule numbers and nodule dry matter occurred under FERT‐N and CEREM, whereas high values were found for NOMAN and LEGM. Soil amendment affected percent N₂ fixation in relation to N source and plant age. Highest percent N₂ fixation (≥ 90 %) was found under the lowest N‐supplying amendments, no‐manure, and cereal manure, respectively. FERT‐N depressed N₂ fixation particularly at 45 DAS when N₂ fixation was reduced to as low as 23 %. The rise in N₂ fixation thereafter suggests that faba bean adjusted after depletion of mineral N in the soil. N₂ fixation was also decreased after cereal straw application, even though N concentration in faba bean plants was high. The results indicate that plant residues, both with high and low N concentration, applied to soil to raise its fertility may interfere with N₂ fixation of faba bean.  相似文献   

高寒牧区混播草地建植技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张榕  高占琪  豆卫  马龙喜  阿不满  曹国顺  孟祥君 《草业科学》2011,28(8):1512-1516

摘要：2004－2006年在甘肃甘南州夏河县桑科乡开展豆科和禾本科牧草不同草种组合混播试验研究,结果表明,建植第1年(2004年)组合Ⅱ[甘肃红豆草（Onobrychis viciaefolia cv.Gansu）、阿尔冈金苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.Algonguin)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)]产草量最高,比组合Ⅰ(甘肃红豆草、阿尔冈金苜蓿和垂穗披碱草）、组合Ⅲ（甘肃红豆草、阿尔冈金苜蓿和无芒雀麦）和组合Ⅳ（甘肃红豆草和阿尔冈金苜蓿）分别多产干草379、446和369 kg/hm2,组合Ⅱ与其他组合之间差异显著(P<0.05)。建植第2年（2005年）组合Ⅰ、组合Ⅱ、组合Ⅲ和组合Ⅳ干草产量分别为2 489、2 856、2 715和2 976 kg/hm2,各组合之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。建植第3年（2006年）组合Ⅳ（甘肃红豆草、阿尔冈金苜蓿）鲜草、干草产量最高,比组合Ⅰ多产干草3 635 kg/hm2,各组合之间差异显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

干旱处理下豆科牧草在三个生长期游离脯氨酸积累动态   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

翁森红  赵来喜 《四川草原》1997,(3):20-23

选择７种豆科牧草在苗期、分枝期、蕾期进行干旱胁迫处理后，测定其游离脯氨酸的积累量的变动与牧草抗旱性的关系；游离脯氨酸的积累可作为抗旱性的指标。  相似文献   

湖南野生豆类牧草资源调查初报     

高惠林  高扬  王朝晖  王云  彭友林 《草业科学》2007,24(12):52-56

通过对湖南野生豆类牧草资源的种类及分布调查,该地区现有野生豆类牧草92种,隶属31属.其中以决明属Cassin等6种为优势属,以野大豆Glycine soja等6属为优势种,并对6种分布广泛、蕴藏量大且具有开发价值的野生豆类牧草的生物学特征及其饲用价值进行了介绍,以期为综合利用提供重要的参考资料.  相似文献   

河西走廊玉米与豆科作物间作田化学除草及对作物安全性的研究     

张锦伟  梁茜  孙建好  赵建华  谢亚琼  靖俊杰  贾春虹  赵尔成 《植物保护》2023,49(3):338-347

玉米与豆科作物复合种植是河西走廊地区重要的粮经作物栽培模式,杂草危害是该复合种植体系中普遍存在的重要问题。本文采用田间裂区试验设计的方法研究了5种除草剂(或配方)对玉米与3种豆科作物-大豆Glycine max、赤小豆Vigna umbellata和菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris间作田杂草的防除效果和对两类作物的安全性。结果表明,除草剂对杂草的防效为81.67%～91.55%,显著高于当地常规玉米单作的化学除草处理(P<0.05),5种药剂处理对苗期玉米无明显药害,而对3种豆科作物幼苗均有不同程度的不利影响。玉米收获期900 g/L乙草胺EC、900 g/L乙草胺EC+87.5%2,4-滴异辛酯EC和900 g/L乙草胺EC+10%唑嘧磺草胺SC 3种药剂处理条件下三种间作组合的玉米+豆科作物总产量均高于空白对照,且与各自的人工除草处理相当或更优;本试验5种药剂处理条件下玉米与3种豆科作物间作组合的玉米+豆科作物总产量均与玉米单作常规化学除草处理相当或更优。研究结果可为西北河西走廊地区玉米与豆科作物间作模式下田间杂草的安全、高效化学防除提供技术参考。  相似文献   

Legume seed improvement for protein content and quality     

L. M. Monti  S. Grillo 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1983,32(3-4):253-266

The variability in seeds for protein content, the protein fraction and the aminoacid composition is reported for the main grain species. All of these features are under genetic control and the different possibilities of improving the species by genetic techniques are indicated, taking into account the genetic basis and the correlations of these traits with other characteristics of agronomic interest. The results of the breeding efforts performed by several authors show that progress can be obtained for improving both seed protein content and quality.Several antinutritional factors have been found in the seeds of legume species. Whenever screening of the germplasm of a species has been carried out, a wide variability in the content of these substances was found. When the genetic base of these noxious substances was studied, it proved to be rather simple. A low content is inherited as a simple recessive factor; many lines have been isolated with a low content or none of these substances present.  相似文献   

Protein,energy and mineral utilization in rats fed rice-legume diets     

Carmen M. Donangelo  Birthe Pedersen  Dr B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1986,36(2):119-137

Protein, energy and mineral utilization were examined in growing rats fed cooked, dry legume seeds in combination with polished rice. The legumes tested included 3 varieties of common beans, black, white and brown (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentils (Lens esculenta) and peas (Pisum sativum). The rice:legume mixtures (1:1 N ratio) were the only dietary sources of protein, Zn, Fe and Cu. The rice:black bean mixture was also tested at a 4:1 N ratio. Nutrient utilization was studied by balance trials and mineral utilization was further assessed by tissue analyses. True protein digestibility (TD) and energy digestibility of the rice:legume (1:1) mixtures were high. Biological value (BV) varied only little but was lowest in the rice:lentil mixture. The rice:brown bean mixture had the lowest amount of utilizable protein (UP). The (1:1) rice:legume mixtures did not adversely affect Fe status, as measured by liver Fe content and blood hemoglobin and hematocrit, or Cu status, as measured by liver Cu content and plasma ceruloplasmin. However, femur zinc content indicated a sub-optimal Zn status. Increasing the dietary N from rice in combination with black beans resulted in a substantial improvement of BV, NPU and Zn status of the animals but had a negative effect on UP and Fe status of the rats.  相似文献