异色瓢虫耐饥能力及饥饿对其捕食槐蚜功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

田仲  管德义  刘剑 《植物保护》2007,33(4):80-83

试验结果表明,异色瓢虫4龄幼虫和成虫在饥饿条件下寿命最长。不同饥饿程度的异色瓢虫3～4龄幼虫、成虫的捕食量均随槐蚜密度的增加而增加,对槐蚜捕食的功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型,经χ ²检验,各圆盘方程理论值和实测值拟合较好。同一虫态不同饥饿程度的异色瓢虫对槐蚜的捕食情况无明显差异。饥饿48 h的异色瓢虫3～4龄幼虫、成虫在24 h内对槐蚜的捕食作用主要集中在初始阶段,即本试验的0～6 h内。  相似文献   

Management of prolonged food deprivation, hypothermia, and refeeding syndrome in a cat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Elizabeth A. Armitage-Chan  MA  VetMB  DACVA  MRCVS    Therese O'Toole  DVM  DACVIM    Daniel L. Chan  DVM  DACVECC  DACVN  MRCVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2006,16(S1):S34-S41

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The effects of swimming exercise on growth and whole-body protein and fat contents of fed and unfed fingerling yellowtail   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroshi Yogata 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1100-1105

SUMMARY: Fingerling yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (initial mean body weight 4.3 g), an active pelagic fish, were reared under fed (4 weeks) and unfed (1 week) conditions to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on growth performance and whole body composition. The fish were raised in three water velocities: < 0.3 body length/s (bl/s), 1.0 bl/s, and 2.25 bl/s and fed diets containing two fat levels (13.2 and 20.3%). The exercised fish had significantly higher weight gains and feed efficiencies than the unexercised fish in both dietary fat levels. A second-order polynomial suggested that the optimum water velocity for the growth occurred at about 1.6 bl/s. The whole-body crude protein and fat contents were higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish, and consequently apparent body protein and fat retentions were improved in both dietary fat levels by swimming. However, during 1 week starvation, body fat loss/g body weight loss was higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish. The results of the present study clearly show that swimming condition improves growth performance of fingerling yellowtail, and suggest that swimming exercise stimulates both anabolism and catabolism of protein and fat; however, under fed conditions anabolism appears superior to catabolism.  相似文献   

饥饿对真鲷生长及生化组成的影响   总被引：69，自引：10，他引：59  

张波 《水产学报》2000,24(3):206-210

在２０℃条件下,对真鲷进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再投饵的恢复生长实验。饥饿１５ｄ的真鲷体重下降７．０５％,鱼体水分含量略有上升,蛋白质含量的比能值略有下降,脂肪含量和灰分含量没有明显改变。这表明真鲷在饥饿过程中主要消耗蛋白质作为身体的能量来源。分别给饥饿处理０（对照）、３、６、９、１２和１５ｄ的真鲷投饵,在饱足摄食的条件下生长２周。各饥饿处理组的鱼体生化组成及比能值均接近,并恢复到对照组水平。饥饿３、６ｄ处理组在恢复生长的特殊生长率、摄食率明显高于对照组,而食物转化率与对照组无显著差异;饥饿９、１２和１５ｄ处理组的特殊生长率和食物转化率均显著高于对照组,而摄食率与对照组无显著差异。结果表明真鲷幼鱼具有超补偿生长能力,短期饥饿的真鲷在恢复生长中通过显著提高摄食水平来达到补偿生长;而继续延长饥饿时间则通过显著提高食  相似文献   

一个新的拟南芥磷饥饿反应突变体筛选体系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常胜合  舒海燕  秦广雍  吴玉萍 《中国农学通报》2005,21(12):202-202

磷是植物必需的一种大量营养元素。农作物的产量经常因磷饥饿而受损。研究植物在磷饥饿条件下所发生的变化,有利于以后运用基因工程的手段培育耐低磷农作物。将野生型拟南芥与磷饥饿反应突变体进行对比研究,能够为植物对磷饥饿反应的研究提供重要线索。筛选植物对磷饥饿反应突变体,筛选方法是非常重要的。野生型拟南芥在供磷正常的培养基上竖直培养时主根向下,同时呈较大幅度的弯曲。在磷饥饿的培养基上主根则几乎是垂直向下的,而且主根相对较为短小。利用这种现象,在供磷正常的培养基上种植的拟南芥植株中发现了一株可能的新的磷饥饿反应突变体。  相似文献   

氨氮胁迫下饥饿与复投喂对黄颡鱼肝脏中脂质代谢相关酶活性及相关基因表达的影响     

刘嘉欣  张木子  黎明  谢雨欣  钱云霞  王日昕 《动物营养学报》2021,33(1)

为了研究氨氮胁迫下饥饿与复投喂对黄颡鱼脂质代谢的影响,将360尾黄颡鱼幼鱼[初始体重为(14.95±0.03)g]随机分配到12个养殖桶中,每桶30尾。对照组人工饱食投喂42 d,试验组饥饿14 d后恢复投喂28 d。对照组和试验组分别被暴露到总氨氮浓度为0(低氨氮处理,正常养殖环境)和5.70 mg/L(高氨氮处理,氨氮胁迫)的水体中,每组分配3桶试验鱼。结果显示:饥饿14 d后,高氨氮处理黄颡鱼肝脏中6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6PGD)、脂肪酸合酶(FAS)活性以及6PGD、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)、FAS、胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(SREBP-1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因的mRNA相对表达量显著低于低氨氮处理(P<0.05),而肝脏中肉碱棕榈酰转移酶(CPT)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性以及肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)和LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量则显著高于低氨氮处理(P<0.05);在氨氮胁迫或正常养殖环境下,饥饿14 d后,试验组黄颡鱼肝脏中6PGD、FAS活性以及6PGD、G6PD、FAS、SREBP-1和PPARγ基因的mRNA相对表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而CPT、LPL活性以及PPARα、CPT1和LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);恢复投喂28 d后,高氨氮处理黄颡鱼肝脏中6PGD、FAS活性以及6PGD、G6PD、FAS和PPARα基因的mRNA相对表达量显著低于低氨氮处理(P<0.05),而肝脏中CPT、LPL活性以及CPT1和LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量则显著高于低氨氮组(P<0.05);在氨氮胁迫或正常养殖环境下,恢复投喂28 d后,试验组黄颡鱼肝脏中6PGD活性以及6PGD和G6PD基因的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而肝脏中LPL活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);此外,在氨氮胁迫下,试验组黄颡鱼肝脏中FAS、SREBP-1和PPARγ基因的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上可知,氨氮胁迫和饥饿胁迫均会促进黄颡鱼的脂质分解代谢,并抑制脂质合成代谢;氨氮胁迫下饥饿后复投喂能够恢复黄颡鱼的脂质代谢稳态。  相似文献   

鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗和鱼种饥饿致死时间的研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

王吉桥  毛连菊  姜静颖  于滨海 《大连水产学院学报》1993,(Z1)

作者观测了全长6.6～177.6 mm的鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗和鱼种的饥饿致死时间及饥饿死亡时皮肤和肠的组织学及亚微结构变化。在水温18.0～23.0℃时,这几种鱼苗50％饥饿致死时间为7.3～12.0d,耐饥饿力由强至弱依次为:鲤(10.4～12.0d)>鳙(9.6 d)>草鱼(8.8 d)>鲢(7.3d)。夏花至春片鱼种的50％饥饿致死时间为15～271d。水温与鱼的饥饿致死时间呈负相关。饥饿致死的鲤苗皮肤破裂,指纹状细胞界限不清,排列散乱,粘液细胞小,神经丘萎缩;鲢、鳙鱼苗肠粘膜细胞核和细胞器或肿胀或萎缩或溃解。  相似文献   

建鲤极长链脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶基因cDNA克隆及相关定量表达分析     

刘骏恂  俞菊华  李红霞  唐永凯  李建林  于凡 《广西农业科学》2015,46(4)

[目的]克隆建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)极长链脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶(VLCAD)基因cDNA序列,并分析其表达情况,为揭示鲤鱼脂肪酸代谢机理提供理论依据.[方法]以建鲤为研究对象,利用RT-PCR、RACE克隆VLCAD基因的cDNA序列,并通过实时荧光定量PCR对VLCAD基因在不同组织、脂肪源及饥饿胁迫等条件下的表达情况进行分析.[结果]扩增获得的建鲤VLCAD基因cDNA序列全长2527 bp,包括296 bp的5’非翻译区、1974bp开放阅读框(OFR)及257bp的3'非翻译区,共编码659个氨基酸;建鲤VLCAD氨基酸序列包含FAD结合位点、底物结合位点、催化位点,具有ACADs家族的特征性结构;与鲤科类斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的同源性最高,达94％.建鲤VLCAD基因在性腺、肌肉、肝脏、前肠、肾脏、心脏和脑中均有表达,且以心脏的表达量最高,前肠的表达量最少.鱼油和亚麻油对建鲤VLCAD基因在肝脏和肌肉中的表达无显著影响(P＞0.05),但饥饿状态下肌肉中的VLCAD基因表达量显著高于正常状态(P＜0.05).[结论]建鲤VLCAD基因在富含线粒体且脂肪酸代谢旺盛的组织器官中高效表达,对脂肪酸β氧化起调控作用,尤其在饥饿状态下对脂肪酸氧化调控作用明显增强,能促进脂肪酸分解为机体供能.  相似文献   

Effects of starvation and feeding on the fatty acid profiles of Stage I phyllosoma of the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii     

G G Smith  P A Thompson  A J Ritar  & G A Dunstan 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(5):419-426

Fatty acid analyses were conducted on newly hatched and 8‐day‐old‐starved and fed Stage I phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Fed animals were offered excess 1.5 mm juvenile Artemia (enriched using the alga Isochrysis galbana, Tahitian isolate, T. iso.). After 8 days, there were significant increases in larval dry weight and the proportion of lipid in fed phyllosoma, whereas these parameters decreased in starved phyllosoma. The abundance of the saturated fatty acids 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 increased in both starved and fed phyllosoma, whereas the main monounsaturated fatty acids 16 : 1n‐7, 18 : 1n‐9 and 18 : 1n‐7 increased with feeding but decreased with starvation. There were no significant differences in the relative proportions of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) arachidonic (AA, 20 : 4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20 : 5n‐3) and docosahexanoic (DHA, 22 : 6n‐3) acids between newly hatched and starved animals, whereas quantitatively DHA decreased with starvation and feeding. The DHA/EPA ratio was significantly lower in the starved and fed phyllosoma (0.5) compared with that found in the newly hatched phyllosoma (0.9). The lipid profiles of the newly hatched, starved and fed phyllosoma contained large amounts of n‐6 fatty acids resulting in low n‐3 : n‐6 ratios (2.8, 2.7 and 1.6 respectively). The importance of these results and the ability of enriched Artemia to provide a suitable fatty acid profile for this species are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of starvation and re-alimentation periods on growth performance and hyperphagic response of Sparus aurata     

Eroldo&#;an Orhan Tufan  Kumlu Metin  & Sezer Bar&#;&#; 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(5):535-537

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