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31.
32.
环境胁迫对对虾免疫系统的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
环境胁迫(environmental stress)是指环境对生物所处的生存状态产生的压力,分为急性环境胁迫和慢性环境胁迫。捕捞、干扰、水质的突变等可以引起急性环境胁迫,而水质逐渐恶化和高密度放养等会造成慢性胁迫。近年来随着人类活动范围的不断扩大和程度的加深,环境资源受到了很大的破坏,养殖对虾受到的环境胁迫日益严重。这些胁迫可使对虾产生应激反应,虽然这是一种保护性反应,但持续处于应激状态,机体的免疫防御体系的功能会受到抑制,就会影响到其抗病力。当前对虾的病害越来越严重,大规模的死亡已经成为制约养殖业发展的瓶颈。 相似文献
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西庄斜发沸石对NH^+4的吸附性能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对潍坊西庄斜发沸石对NH_4~+的吸附性能,改型和再生方法进行了研究。并与浙江斜发沸石进行了比较。随海水盐度的增高,NH_4~+的去除率降低。不经改型的沸石,对盐度为28.2的海水中5mg/L NH_4~+,5h后的去除率为30%;对淡水,去除率为100%。在室内水泥池和室外大规模生产应用试验表明,在静止的水体中采用自然沉降法去除NH_4~+,去除率可达24.4%~70.0%,从而,提高了对虾的成活率和生长速度。 相似文献
35.
低盐水体南美白对虾与鲢鳙鱼混养的试验 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
在6口低盐淡水(盐度2~10)池塘中放养体长0 8~1 0cm的南美白对虾(Penaeusvan namei)(30万尾/hm2),其中三口塘再放养鲢(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix)、鳙(Aristichthysno bilis)夏花(体长2 0~3 0cm)(1500尾/hm2,鲢:鳙=1:1)。鱼、虾分别精养90d和60d。混养池塘中对虾的成活率(24 6%)为单养池(9 1%)的2 7倍,产量(800 0±86 7)kg/hm2为单养池的3 2倍;鱼产量为(93 9±7 9)kg/hm2,鳙的出塘规格大于鲢,产量高于鲢。混养池塘水中氨氮、亚硝态氮和溶解氧含量低;透明度和活性磷含量高;pH值波动幅度小。 相似文献
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M. K. BROADHURST R. B. MILLAR M. E. L. WOODEN & W. G. MACBETH 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(2):81-92
Abstract The relative efficiencies and selectivities of conventional and modified codends were examined in a demersal trawl fishery targeting several species, including eastern king prawns, Penaeus plebejus (Hess), whiting, Sillago spp. and cephalopods. The modifications to codends included: (i) reducing the circumference; (ii) increasing the mesh size in conventional diamond‐mesh designs; and (iii) orientating meshes on the bar so that they were square shaped. The codends were tested against a fine‐meshed control in paired comparisons onboard three commercial trawlers. The conventional codend comprised 41‐mm diamond‐shaped mesh attached to an anterior extension section at a ratio of 150 to 100 meshes and was demonstrated to be non‐selective for the targeted species. Reducing codend circumference to 100 meshes and increasing the size of mesh to 45 mm both improved selection for eastern king prawns, but the lateral mesh openings were estimated to be insufficient to allow juveniles of the other key species to escape. By contrast, codends made from 35‐ and 41‐mm mesh hung on the bar improved the size selection for eastern king prawns and selected stout whiting, Sillago robusta (Stead) (the smallest commercial‐sized fish) across narrow selection ranges and at 50% sizes of retention (L50s) that were closely correlated to the transverse morphology of fish and the maximum mesh opening. With the exception of a reduction in catches of octopus, Octopus spp., by the 41‐square codend, there were no other impacts on commercial catches by the square‐mesh designs. It was concluded that diamond‐mesh codends are inappropriate for use throughout this multispecies fishery and that a modified design comprising at least 35‐mm mesh hung on the bar is required to minimise the fishing mortality of unwanted sizes of the key target species. The results are discussed in terms of the utility of these types of modifications for closely regulating selection in penaeid‐shrimp trawls. 相似文献
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The life cycle of cuttlefish fed ad libitum exclusively on live grass shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) was studied during 5 consecutive generations. Different culture temperatures promoted different (P < 0.05) exponential growth for each life cycle, being summer generations shorter than those of winter. Higher temperatures promoted higher IGR’s and mortality, while lower temperatures promoted increased life span, reproduction stages, total fecundity and total egg biomass. Increased generations also seemed to increase fertility. A “hybrid” generation promoted the best results in terms of hatchling weight, individual fecundity and fertility. Mean egg weight was related to female size and embryonic development took longer at lower temperatures. Brood stock sex ratios seemed to be temperature related. All of these culture aspects were also compared between themselves in order to establish future brood stock methodologies. Grass shrimp proved to be a good diet for the culture of cuttlefish throughout the life cycle. The use of only one species reduces costs and labor associated to cuttlefish culture. 相似文献
40.
The effectiveness of a commercial microbial product in poorly prepared tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The efficacy of a commercial microbial product was tested in commercial tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds for one culture period in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Four ponds with replicates for treatment and control were used. The pond bottom was dried but the organic sludge was not removed as normally practised in pond preparation. The ponds were stocked with 15 post‐larvae at the rate of 31.m?2. Physical, chemical and biological parameters of the pond were analysed every 2 weeks during the culture period. Water quality parameters remained within the optimum range for shrimp culture except for ammonia‐nitrogen being significantly higher in control ponds and silica in treated ponds. Benthic organisms were not found in any of the ponds. The average counts of different bacteria were not significantly higher in treated ponds than control. Because of poor health, the shrimp were harvested earlier (72 days) than the usual 120 days. An average of 875.60 ± 67.00 kg shrimp ha?1 was obtained in treated ponds with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.57 ± 0.10 and survival rate of 42.35 ± 5.37% compared with 719.50 ± 130.94 kg shrimp ha?1, 2.99 ± 0.70 and 21.25 ± 3.26%, respectively, in control ponds. Neither the microbial product nor the frequent water exchange was effective in overcoming the problems caused by the poor pond bottom. 相似文献