超声辅助玉米醇溶蛋白基乙烯吸附膜的制备及其香蕉保鲜性能     

范鑫  李宇鑫  邝吉卫  杨婷  刘苗苗  曹云刚  黄峻榕 《中国农业科学》2023,56(8):1574-1584

【目的】乙烯是影响水果品质及货架期的关键植物激素。本研究利用高场强超声波(HIU)对玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)进行物理改性处理,使其蛋白结构舒展,内部活性官能团暴露;利用超声改性zein膜中的活性官能团(如巯基等)与乙烯发生“点击反应”吸附乙烯,从而达到延长水果货架期的目的。【方法】将5 g zein溶于80%醋酸溶液中,选用频率为20 kHz、功率为400 W的超声波经不同时长(0、5、15和30 min)的预处理后,分别取2 mL蛋白溶液移至培养皿(55.0 cm²)中,放置于40℃烘箱干燥24 h,分别得到zein-0膜、zein-5膜、zein-15膜、zein-30膜,通过圆二光谱、内源性荧光、粒径电位仪和扫描电镜分析不同条件超声处理后蛋白结构及形貌的变化;借助物性分析仪和VOC检测仪表征zein膜的力学性能和乙烯吸附性能。以香蕉为研究对象,将超声处理后的zein膜与香蕉放置于同一塑封袋中,室温密闭放置10 d,基于香蕉表皮的褐变程度、香蕉果肉的硬度变化和香蕉失重率分析zein膜延长水果货架期的性能。【结果】高场强超声波处理对蛋白质的高级结构具有修饰作用,...  相似文献   

超声波辅助法提取三叶青原花青素工艺的研究     

何志贵  聂相珍  惠小涵  程婷婷  滕浩 《西北林学院学报》2019,(3):207-211

以三叶青块根为原料提取原花青素。通过使用超声波辅助法提取原花青素,以葡萄籽原花青素作为分析标品,利用香草醛-盐酸法绘制原花青素含量标准曲线,并对三叶青原花青素含量进行初步定量分析。单因素提取试验分析结果表明,乙醇体积分数、料液比、浸提时间和浸提温度4因素对三叶青原花青素的提取率影响较大,可作为后续工艺优化的主要控制因素。正交试验分析结果显示了最优提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数为50%,料液比为1∶20,浸提温度为40℃,浸提时间为20min,此条件下的原花青素提取率可达最高。  相似文献   

响应面法优化工业大麻叶抑制金黄色葡萄球菌物质超声提取工艺     

张正海  姬妍茹  杨庆丽  魏连会  董艳 《中国麻业》2019,(2):71-78

为提升工业大麻叶生理活性功能,研究工业大麻叶抑菌物质的最佳超声提取工艺。采用牛津杯法结合微量二倍稀释法比较工业大麻叶乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、单核细胞李斯特菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌作用,并以抑菌效果最佳的金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,在单因素试验基础上,以抑菌圈直径为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化超声辅助浸提工业大麻叶抑菌物质的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为液料比14∶1(m L/g),乙醇浓度88%,超声温度29℃,超声时间20 min,在该条件下,工业大麻叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达(19. 65±0. 20) mm,与理论最优值19. 68 mm接近。该工艺稳定可靠,适用于工业大麻叶中抗金黄色葡萄球菌物质的超声提取,可为工业大麻叶的高效利用及新型防腐剂的开发提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Migration pathways,speed and mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in a Scottish river and the near‐shore coastal marine environment          下载免费PDF全文

Angus J. Lothian  Matthew Newton  James Barry  Marcus Walters  Richard C. Miller  Colin E. Adams 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(2):549-558

Long‐distance migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is known to result in high levels of mortality. For a species experiencing global population decline, it is thus vital to better understand migration behaviour, both in the river and marine stages. Atlantic salmon smolts (n = 50) were tracked using acoustic telemetry in the River Deveron, Scotland, and adjacent coastal area. Higher rates of mortality were observed in the river (0.77% per km) than the early marine stage of migration (0.0% per km). Mortality likely resulted from predation. Higher swim speeds were recorded in the early marine stage compared with the river (marine = 7.37 ± 28.20 km/day; river = 5.03 ± 1.73 km/day [mean ± SD]), a potential predator avoidance behaviour. The majority of smolts leaving the river did so in darkness and on a flooding tide. Overall river and marine migration success were linked to nights of lower lunar brightness. Marine migration speed decreased with increasing environmental noise levels, a finding with implications for fisheries management. The migration pathway in the early marine environment did not follow obvious geographical features, such as the coastline. Thus, we suggest that early marine environment pathways are more influenced by complex water currents. These findings highlight factors that influence smolt migration survival and behaviour, areas on which future research should focus.  相似文献   

超声波处理对粤晶丝苗生理特性及产量、品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗昊文  钟卓君  聂俊  唐湘如 《中国稻米》2017,(2):64-67

以粤晶丝苗为材料,通过大田试验,研究了超声波和种子包衣处理对水稻生理特性及产量、品质的影响。结果表明,超声波处理可以提高水稻产量,以"超声波+种子包衣"处理的产量最高,主要是由于超声波处理增加了水稻的有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率;超声波处理可以提高水稻叶片的SOD、POD活性,增加游离脯氨酸含量,降低MDA含量,提高水稻抗性;超声波处理还可改善稻米的加工品质和外观品质。  相似文献   

超声波辅助提取荷叶多酚工艺及其动力学分析     

王占一  孙晓梅  徐妍玉  王维青  王森  向兰 《北方园艺》2020,(5):95-103

以微山湖荷叶为试材,用超声波辅助提取荷叶多酚,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺,并建立4种数学模型对提取过程的动力学进行研究,采用决定系数(R2)、精准因子(Af)、偏差因子(Bf)和根平均方差(RMSE)4种模型评价参数对模型的适用性进行分析。结果表明:当乙醇体积分数68%、料液比1∶25 g·mL-1、提取温度40℃、提取时间38 min时,荷叶多酚得率为3.231%;2种非线性增长函数模型,即Sgompertz模型和Slogistic1模型能很好地拟合荷叶多酚提取的动力学过程。超声波辅助提取的工艺参数及所建立的动力学数学模型,均可用于荷叶多酚提取过程的工程放大和优化控制。  相似文献   

犬胆结石引发肝外总胆管阻塞的诊治     

陈柏良  尹佳佳  朱国  张家强  许晔  王华南 《动物医学进展》2019,40(8):137-140

1例贵宾犬出现呕吐、食欲不振、可视黏膜黄染和明显腹痛;血常规显示轻度贫血和白细胞总数升高;血清生化显示丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素升高,C-反应蛋白显著升高,胰腺特异性脂肪酶异常;B超显示胆囊和总胆管扩张,胆囊及总胆管内有胆结石。确诊为胆结石并继发慢性胆囊炎、肝外总胆管阻塞、急性胰腺炎、肝损伤,采用胆囊摘除术及总胆管切开术将结石取出,术后该犬恢复良好。  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic measurement of caudal vena cava to aorta ratios for determination of volume depletion in normal beagle dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Jungmin Kwak  Hakyoung Yoon  Jaehwan Kim  Minjoo Kim  Kidong Eom 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(2):203-211

A noninvasive method for quantifying hydration status would be helpful for clinical management and for research applications in dogs. This prospective, experimental, pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of ultrasonographic measurement of the caudal vena cava to aorta ratio as a method for quantifying volume depletion in dogs. In 12 normal beagle dogs, furosemide was administered intravenously at a dose of 1 mg/kg, every 2 h, for 8 h, to induce consecutive volume depletion. Every 30 min after administration, ultrasonographic images of the caudal vena cava and aorta, and physical and biological parameters related to dehydration were acquired. On transverse and longitudinal planes of caudal vena cava and aorta images, the height and area of the caudal vena cava and aorta were measured to calculate the caudal vena cava/aorta ratios. All images were acquired by approaching from the right intercostal space with the dogs in left lateral recumbency. A negative correlation was present between the percentage of weight loss in dogs and all four investigated caudal vena cava/aorta ratios (transverse plane width of the caudal vena cava [TW]/aorta; transverse plane height of caudal vena cava [TH]/aorta; longitudinal plane area of the caudal vena cava [TA]/aorta; and longitudinal plane maximal height of the caudal vena cava [L]/aorta). Significant differences (P < 0.001) were seen between dogs with and without clinical signs of dehydration for all caudal vena cava/aorta ratios. Findings indicated that ultrasonographic caudal vena cava/aorta ratios are feasible methods for quantifying volume depletion and for use as an adjunct to standard subjective methods for estimating hydration status in dogs.  相似文献   

超声波在稠油输送中的应用   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

王阳恩 《油气储运》1999,18(4):10-11

分析了油田输送稠油的现状,提出了稠油输送中应用超声波的可行性,详细介绍了超声陈粘方面的超声波空化作用和超声波乳作用,分析了其作用机理,通过试验验证了超声波的降粘效果,并介绍了超声波设备及费用。  相似文献   

Ti6Al4V超声振动切削机理研究     

杭华 《农业装备与车辆工程》2022,60(2):140-142

加工钛合金Ti6Al4V时,常规切削的性能往往不能满足要求.鉴于此,比较了不同条件下加工Ti6Al4V的切削加工性能,研究超声振动切削钛合金机理.结果表明,积屑瘤增长阶段,随着速度的升高,积屑瘤逐渐变大,但积屑瘤并不会随速度的增加而无限增大,当积屑瘤增大到一个极限值时会随着速度的增加而逐渐减小.与常规切削相比,在积屑瘤...  相似文献