Supercritical fluid extraction of sapogenins from tubers of Smilax china   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shu XS  Gao ZH  Yang XL 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(7-8):656-661

Supercritical CO(2) fluid extraction (SFE-CO(2)) was used to extract the sapogenins after acid hydrolysis from Smilax china tubers. The influence of extraction variables, such as modifier, pressure, temperature and extraction time, were studied. SFE-CO(2) was found to produce higher yield than conventional solvent extraction. The highest yield (0.454%) of sapogenins, mostly containing diosgenin, was obtained using 35 MPa pressure, 65 degrees C and 95% EtOH as a modifier for 180 min, higher than that obtained with conventional extraction methods (0.385%).  相似文献   

天然动植物色素的特性及其提取技术概况   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

郑华  张弘  张忠和 《林业科学研究》2003,16(5):628-635

综述了天然生物色素在动植物体中的分布和特定生理功能。概括了动植物色素的主要提取方法及其发展状况：直接破碎原料、溶剂浸提、物理技术辅助浸提和现代仪器提取分离等;指出超临界流体萃取(SFE)是较具发展潜力的高效萃取方法,有利于提高色素产品质量。  相似文献   

Respiratory Disease: Diagnostic Approaches in the Horse     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2015,31(2):307-336

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Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic          下载免费PDF全文

T.H. Pihl  E. Scheepers  M. Sanz  A. Goddard  P. Page  N. Toft  P.H. Andersen  S. Jacobsen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):651-658

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.  相似文献   

Synovial fluid total protein concentration as a possible marker for canine idiopathic polyarthritis     

Kohei MURAKAMI  Tomohiro YONEZAWA  Naoaki MATSUKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1715-1717

Idiopathic polyarthritis (IPA) is a very common inflammatory arthropathy in the dog. Canine IPA is diagnosed mainly by detecting increased number of leukocytes in the synovial fluid (SF), which is easily influenced by glucocorticoid therapy. We obtained 31 SF samples from 24 IPA dogs prior to (n=19) and/or after (n=12) 1 to 10 weeks of glucocorticoid therapy. The SF total protein concentrations of IPA dogs were significantly higher than those of dogs with non-arthritis diseases (n=34) and healthy controls (n=10). Our data revealed that the SF total protein concentrations are not influenced by several weeks of glucocorticoid therapy. Hence, the SF total protein concentration is applicable as a diagnostic marker of canine IPA even when the patients are receiving glucocorticoid therapy.  相似文献   

Changes in the predicted function of the rumen bacterial community of Japanese Black beef cattle during the fattening stages according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses     

Asahi HORINAKA  Yo-Han KIM  Atsushi KIMURA  Eiji IWAMOTO  Tatsunori MASAKI  Toshihiro ICHIJO  Shigeru SATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1098

We investigated changes in the predicted functions of the rumen bacterial community in Japanese Black beef cattle during fattening. Nine cattle were fed a high-concentrate diet during the early, middle, and late fattening stages consecutively (10–14, 15–22, and 23–30 months of age, respectively). The rumen fluid and solid samples collected at each stage were subjected to sequencing analyses. The sequencing results were clustered and classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Representative sequences and a raw counting table for each OTU were submitted to the Piphillin website. The predicted functions were revealed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database as the ratio of the total sequence. In the early stage, “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” was significantly higher in the fluid fraction than in the solid fraction. “Two-component system” in the middle stage was significantly lower and “Purine metabolism” in the late stage was significantly higher in the fluid fraction than those in the solid fraction. The fluid fraction was significantly correlated with acetic acid, propionic acid, and bacterial metabolism, such as “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” and “Sugar metabolism.” Moreover, the solid fraction was correlated with “Purine metabolism” and “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolism”. These results suggest that the rumen bacterial community in Japanese Black beef cattle adapts to changes in rumen conditions by altering their functions in response to a long-term high-grain diet.  相似文献   

Proteomic Characterization of Equine Cerebrospinal Fluid     

Carolyn J. Broccardo  Gisela Soboll Hussey  Lutz Goehring  Paul Lunn  Jessica E. Prenni 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biofluid that is reflective of overall health. Although proteomic profiling of human CSF has been performed in the context of a variety of disease states, this report represents the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of equine CSF. A total of 320 proteins were confidently identified across six healthy horses, and these proteins were further characterized by gene ontology terms mapped in UniProt, and normalized spectral abundance factors were calculated as a measure of relative abundance. Theses results provide an optimized protocol for analysis of equine CSF and lay the groundwork for future studies involving the study of equine CSF in the context of pathogenic disease states.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Fluid Bolus Administration Rates Using Ruggedized Field Intravenous Systems     

Theodore R. Morgan 《The Forestry Chronicle》2014,25(2):204-209

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), hatcheries: studies on broodstock, eggs, fry and environment     

Madsen L  Møller JD  Dalsgaard I 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(1):39-47

The occurrence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum at four rainbow trout hatcheries was investigated to provide more knowledge about the reservoirs and transmission of this bacterium. Broodstock were sampled at stripping (including both unfertilized and fertilized eggs), and the offspring were then sampled at the eyed egg and fry stages. Water and surface samples (e.g. hatchery trays) were also sampled. Flavobacterium psychrophilum was found in ovarian fluid and milt, indicating that broodstock may serve as a reservoir and are latent carriers of the pathogen. Flavobacterium psychrophilum was not found on or inside eggs, but further egg studies will be necessary to elucidate the possibility of vertical transmission of the pathogen. Flavobacterium psychrophilum was isolated from water samples, but only from water that had been in close contact with farmed rainbow trout or eggs. Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates were characterized and compared with well-characterized strains, using degradation of elastin, serotype and ribotype profiles. Different ribotypes of F. psychrophilum were found between hatcheries, but a common ribotype A was found at all four hatcheries. Different ribotypes were found in broodstock without clinical disease, whereas only a few ribotypes (mostly ribotype A) were found in diseased fry. The same ribotype A was found in broodstock, in water samples from hatchery trays and in fry, which suggests the possibility of transmission of F. psychrophilum between broodstock and offspring.  相似文献   

长吻鮠精子保存液在人工授精中的应用试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万全  沈保平  孙文贤  陈中华  刘映彬  吴德友  田宏生  钱克林 《水产养殖》2006,27(3):4-6

分别在安徽长江流域的无为和淮河流域的滁州进行长吻鮠的人工繁殖,使用LRH-A2、PG、混合激素B型、DOM 进行催产,从长江捕获的亲鱼立即催产,其催产率为66．67％,受精率80％-85％,经培育选择后催产率为83．33％,受精率65%- 87％。在滁州经多年培育的亲鱼催产率为100％,受精率78％-95％。精子保存液在精子保存和人工授精中使用效果良好。在冰桶内保存,20-30 h仍能保持良好的受精能力。  相似文献