Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococcus faecium from Swine in Michigan,USA     

M. J. N. Gordoncillo  S. Donabedian  P. C. Bartlett  M. Perri  M. Zervos  R. Kirkwood  C. Febvay 《Zoonoses and public health》2013,60(5):319-326

In 2008, we identified vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) in Michigan swine, which was the first report of VRE in livestock from North America. Continued sampling in 2009 and 2010 was conducted to determine whether VRE persisted in Michigan. In 2009, swine faecal and feed samples (n = 56), county fair pig barn manure samples (n = 9) and pooled Michigan State Fair pig barn manure samples (n = 18) were screened for VRE. In 2010, swine faecal samples were collected from 26 county fairs (n = 73) and nine commercial swine farms in six states (n = 28). Recovered VRE isolates were molecularly evaluated by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), S1 nuclease digestion and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Six VRE isolates were identified in 2009 from the State Fair, and another six (8.2%) were recovered from the five county fairs in 2010. All 12 isolates were highly related to the first‐reported VRE from Michigan swine: all were confirmed to be vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREf) carrying vanA gene on Tn1546 (Type D), were negative for IS1251, hyl and esp gene, carried a 150–160 kb megaplasmid, and have closely similar PFGE patterns with >80% similarity. Classified as ST5, ST6 or ST185 by MLST, all belong to the clonal complex 5, a strain recognized to be circulating among European pigs. This study reveals that VREf are widespread in Michigan swine and persist in the historical absence of the use of agricultural glycopeptides.  相似文献   

粪肠球菌铁富集能力研究     

何万领  杨龙帮  李晓丽 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,49(12):137-143

【目的】研究耐铁粪肠球菌X4对铁的富集能力,为开发生物有机铁制剂提供依据。【方法】采用单因素试验,以粪肠球菌X4菌体产量和铁富集率为指标,对影响X4铁富集性能的铁离子质量浓度、铁加入时间、X4菌液接种量、培养时间、碳源及氮源种类等发酵条件进行初筛;再采用L₁₈（3⁷）正交试验,以铁富集率为指标,对最佳碳源、氮源添加量及上述其他发酵条件进一步优化;最后在优化的发酵条件下进行15 L发酵罐模拟试验,对X4的铁富集性能进行评价。【结果】粪肠球菌X4铁富集最优发酵条件为：铁离子质量浓度650 mg/L,培养16 h加铁,X4菌液接种量为体积分数18%,培养时间84 h,可溶性淀粉添加量20 g/L,酵母膏添加量15 g/L,氯化铵添加量4 g/L。最优发酵条件下的发酵罐模拟试验结果显示,耐铁粪肠球菌X4的单位菌体产量为5.52 g/L,单位菌体铁富集量101.38 mg/g,铁富集率86.16%,单位菌体有机铁富集量12.67 mg/g,铁有机化率12.5%。【结论】从铁富集量、铁富集率和铁有机化率来看,耐铁粪肠球菌X4具备生产生物有机铁制剂的潜力。  相似文献   

鸡支气管堵塞死鸡病变部位感染细菌及其耐药性分析     

刘璐瑶  孙雪  马万鹏  王琦  刘肖利  苏战强 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(11):2139-2147

【目的】研究以支气管被黄、白色干酪样物质堵塞为主要病理变化的鸡呼吸系统疾病,为研究支气管堵塞形成的细菌学基础提供依据。【方法】无菌采集不同鸡场典型病死鸡的支气管堵塞部位样本,用常规细菌分离法结合16 sDNA测序进行细菌学分析,并对分离菌进行药敏试验和致病性试验。【结果】11个鸡场采集的18个样本中均分离到了大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌,2个鸡场分离到了奇异变形杆菌,1个鸡场分离到了鲍曼不动杆菌,所有典型发病鸡场均未检测到鸡毒支原体和滑液支原体。K-B法药敏实验显示大肠杆菌主要对头孢噻肟、氯霉素、氨苄西林、四环素、复方新诺明等有较高的耐药性;粪肠球菌主要对头孢他啶、氨曲南、复方新诺明等药物耐药。所有分离菌均无致病作用。【结论】大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和奇异变形杆菌等可单独或同时存在于支气管堵塞部位,可能是该病理变化形成的主要协同因素,而大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌存在于所有的被检病例中,且耐药性普遍很强。  相似文献   

养殖废水中异养硝化细菌的分离筛选和鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘芳芳  周德平  吴淑杭  张明  褚长彬  范洁群  姜震方 《农业环境保护》2010,(11):2232-2237

为了获得脱氮功能强的异养硝化菌株用于养殖废水的脱氮处理,通过富集、分离和纯化等步骤,并结合格利斯试剂检验菌株硝化能力的方法,从某养猪场污水处理池污泥中分离筛选了4株具异养硝化功能的菌株,分别标号为79、84、L116、L117,通过16SrDNA序列分析和美国全自动微生物分析仪Biolog鉴定,4株菌均为粪产碱杆菌（Alcaligenesfaecalis）,并验证了这4株菌的硝化能力。结果表明,当液体培养基初始氨氮浓度为90mg.L-1左右时,在振荡培养48h内,菌株79、84、L116、L117培养基中氨氮和总氮均快速下降,氨氮去除率分别达到44.4%、47.9%、61.3%和56.4%,总氮（除菌）去除率达到39.9%、38.5%、43.4%和40.7%。  相似文献   

屎肠球菌微胶囊制剂的稳定性及对断乳仔猪生产性能的影响     

李英英  陈曦  宋铁英 《福建畜牧兽医》2016,(2)

本试验以自主筛选的一株屎肠球菌为对象,在抗逆性评估的基础上,通过微囊化提高耐热性和稳定性,并进行动物田间小试,评价其对断乳仔猪生长性能的影响。结果显示,通过优化保护剂与壁材的配方,改善喷雾干燥工艺参数,可使喷雾后获得的干物质中活菌数达到1010cfu/g;微囊化的屎肠球菌对高温的耐受性增强,贮存时间更久,对胃液和肠液依然具备较好的耐受性。在仔猪生长性能方面,与空白组相比,饲喂屎肠球菌组仔猪的平均日增重和日采食量分别提高37%和15%,料肉比和腹泻率分别下降16%和65%,说明该屎肠球菌微胶囊制剂可以改善仔猪生长性能。  相似文献   

微囊化益生菌对小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎的影响     

张琳  綦文涛  刘延国 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(8):2571-2578

试验旨在观察微囊化布拉迪酵母菌（Saccharomyces boulardii,S.boulardii）与微囊化粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium,E.faecalis）对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的治疗效果并探讨其作用机制。采用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sulfacte sodium,DSS）灌胃法制备小鼠UC动物模型,试验共分为6组,其中饮用DSS的小鼠随机分为5组：粪肠球菌菌粉组、微囊化粪肠球菌组、布拉迪酵母菌菌粉组和微囊化布拉迪酵母菌组给予不同的药物治疗,药物皆以溶液形式灌胃给药,UC模型小鼠（DSS组）每天饮用与药物等体积的生理盐水;正常对照组灌服与药物等体积的生理盐水。观察UC小鼠的症状和组织学变化,ELSIA检测血清中细胞因子（IL-6、IL-10与TNF-α）的含量,Western blotting检测小鼠结肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白（Occludin和Claudin-1）表达量。结果显示,与模型组相比,治疗后各益生菌组小鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量均显著降低（P<0.05）,IL-10含量显著升高（P<0.05）,微囊化益生菌组小鼠髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性及结肠损伤组织学评分（粪肠球菌粉组除外）均显著下降（P<0.05）,布拉迪酵母菌菌粉组与微囊化布拉迪酵母菌小鼠结肠黏膜内Occludin和Claudin-1表达量均显著升高（P<0.05）。粪肠球菌和布拉迪酵母菌可以缓解UC模型小鼠结肠炎症病变,且经过微囊化后的粪肠球菌和布拉迪酵母菌表现出更好的缓解小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎病症效果,其机制与粪肠球菌和布拉迪酵母菌可以降低血清中IL-6与TNF-α含量,提高Occludin与Claudin-1的表达量密切相关。  相似文献   

湖南猪源粪肠球菌的分离鉴定及16S rDNA系统进化分析     

黎满香  林荣高  薛立群  蒋伟  陈滔 《中国兽医学报》2011,31(9)

从湖南各地送检至实验室的临床样本中分离到42株革兰氏染色阳性及过氧化氢酶阴性的球菌,其中78.6%来自于肺脏,菌落形态及染色镜检均与粪肠球菌参考株ATCC 29212相似,兰氏分群鉴定97.6%（41/42）为D群,生化特性符合粪肠球菌特征。16SrDNA测序鉴定显示：42个分离株与同步测序的ATCC 29212同源性在99.2%到100%之间,与所选择粪肠球菌参考序列的同源性在98.7%到100%之间,NCBI在线BLAST分析发现42株均与GeneBank收录的粪肠球菌序列同源性最高。湖南分离株16SrDNA序列与E.faecalis参考序列进化关系与地域分布无关,来源于不同宿主的菌株的16SrDNA变异并不大,而与E.faecium、E.canis、E.avium、E.hirae等4种肠球菌则有多处变异,这些变异区域在这4种肠球菌中却是保守的。  相似文献   

肠球菌研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋伟  黎满香  林荣高  田世成 《动物医学进展》2011,32(5):94-98

肠球菌(Enterococcus)是革兰阳性、过氧化氢酶阴性球菌,是人和动物肠道内主要常存菌群.该菌可引起群体致病和医院交叉感染,临床上表现为尿路感染、菌血症、心内膜炎等,加之许多报道显示肠球菌对多种抗生素都有耐药性和具有较强的致病性,因此越来越受到人们的关注.论文从生物学特性、毒力因子、耐药性、流行病学、临床检测等方...  相似文献   

Antimicrobial resistance in Swiss laying hens, prevalence and risk factors     

Harisberger M  Gobeli S  Hoop R  Dewulf J  Perreten V  Regula G 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(6):377-387

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging concern to public health, and food-producing animals are known to be a potential source for transmission of resistant bacteria to humans. As legislation of the European Union requires to ban conventional cages for the housing of laying hens on the one hand, and a high food safety standard for eggs on the other hand, further investigations about the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in alternative housing types are required. In this study, we determined antimicrobial resistance in indicator bacteria from 396 cloacal swabs from 99 Swiss laying hen farms among four alternative housing types during a cross-sectional study. On each farm, four hens were sampled and exposure to potential risk factors was identified with a questionnaire. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined using broth microdilution in Escherichia coli (n=371) for 18 antimicrobials and in Enterococcus faecalis (n=138) and Enterococcus faecium (n=153) for 16 antimicrobials. All antimicrobial classes recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for E. coli and enterococci were included in the resistance profile. Sixty per cent of the E. coli isolates were susceptible to all of the considered antimicrobials and 30% were resistant to at least two antimicrobials. In E. faecalis, 33% of the strains were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials and 40% were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, whereas in E. faecium these figures were 14% and 39% respectively. Risk factor analyses were carried out for bacteria species and antimicrobials with a prevalence of resistance between 15% and 85%. In these analyses, none of the considered housing and management factors showed a consistent association with the prevalence of resistance for more than two combinations of bacteria and antimicrobial. Therefore we conclude that the impact of the considered housing and management practices on the egg producing farms on resistance in laying hens is low.  相似文献   

阿鲁科尔沁草原牛乳中乳酸菌生物学特性的研究——肠球菌属等的鉴定（第2报）     

敖郭格日勒  李少英等 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,22(3):17-22

本项研究从科尔沁草原的阿鲁科尔沁牧区南北4个苏木16个牧户中采集43个乳样。从43个乳样中分离到64株乳酸菌，对其中的47株进行鉴定，结果分离到肠球菌属（Enterococcus)13株，乳球菌属（Lactococcus)2株，片球菌属（Pedio-coccus)3株。对其中8株分离株进行了种的鉴定，结果为殊异肠球菌（E.dispar)1株，蒙特氏肠球菌（E.mundtii)1株，类鸟肠球菌（E.pseudoavium)1株，屎肠于菌（E.faecium)3株，乳球菌乳脂亚种（L.lactis subsp cremoris)1株，乳球菌乳亚种（L.lactis subsp Lactis)1株，嗜盐片球菌（P.halophilus)1株。通过研究发现，被鉴定菌株的生物学特性基本符合各属和种的鉴定标准，均属于中温性乳酸菌。  相似文献