Forest recovery after clear-cutting in Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis) plantations of North China     

DONG Boqian  ZHAO Kuangji  WANG Zhibin  JIA Zhongkui  MA Lvyi  XIA Xinli 《干旱区科学》2018,10(2):233-248

In Hebei Province of North China, forest was recovered with natural recruitment in plantations with large area of clear-cutting Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis). This study was aimed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of recruits during the natural recruitment. Both plot survey and the spatial point-pattern analysis were performed. Five developmental stages of natural recruitment were selected and studied, including 1 year before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 years after clear-cutting. Different slope aspects were also included. Natural recruitment was always dominated by Chinese pine with a proportion of higher than 90%. For plots of 1 year before clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, recruit densities were 7886 and 5036 stems/hm2, the average heights were 0.78(±0.85) and 1.06(±1.15) m, and the average diameters at breast height(DBH) were 3.21(±1.38) and 2.91(±1.38) cm, respectively. After clear-cutting, recruit density was initially increased, then it was gradually declined with time; however, the variation of average DBH was contrary to that of recruit density. Both of them were no longer varied between 8 and 11 years after clear-cutting. The average height of recruits continued to increase after clear-cutting. For the plots of 11 years after clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, average heights of recruits reached 2.00(±1.14) and 2.24(±1.20) m, respectively. The statuses of recruits on north-facing slopes were better than those on east-facing slopes after clear-cutting. Meanwhile, recruits on east-facing slopes were always aggregated at small scales, while spatial pattern of recruits varied with time on north-facing slopes. Moreover, forest was recovered more quickly by natural recruitment than by artificial afforestation after clear-cutting. The structural diversity was higher in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations of the same age. Our results demonstrated that clear-cutting of Chinese pine plantations recovered by natural recruitment has the potential to be an effective approach for establishing multifunctional forest.  相似文献   

The Influence of Stable Management and Feeding Practices on the Abnormal Behaviors Among Stabled Horses in Malaysia     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2020

The present study aimed to provide preliminary data on the prevalence of oral stereotypic, locomotory stereotypic, and redirected behaviors as well as their associations with stable management and feeding practices. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 207 working horses used for leisure riding, equestrian sport, polo, endurance, and patrolling were selected from seven equine facilities. Data on the stable management and feeding practices were obtained through the stable records, interviews, and on-site monitoring visits, whereas the prevalence of abnormal behaviors in the studied population was determined using the instantaneous scan sampling method. Most horses in the present study worked for more than 8 hours per week (n = 93). In addition, more horses were fed three times per day (n = 65) with different amounts of hay, concentrate, and chaff. Among the study population, oral stereotypic behaviors had the highest prevalence (n = 281; 54%), followed by redirected behavior (n = 181; 34%), and locomotory stereotypic behaviors had the lowest prevalence (n = 63; 12%). The oral stereotypic behavior was found to be significantly influenced (P < .05) by the working hours, amount of hay, and amount of concentrate. Both locomotory stereotypic and redirected behaviors were found to be influenced (P < .05) by the number of feedings per day and the amount of hay. In summary, the present study has proven that the stable management and feeding practices could influence the prevalence of different abnormal behaviors in the majority of working horses, with oral stereotypy being the most common abnormal behavior in this country.  相似文献   

Determination and Correlation Analysis on the Egg Quality of Egg-laying Ducks Reared in Cages and on Floor     

LI Jian-dong  CHEN Xi-ping  HUANG De-chun  LIAO Yi-shu  JING Dong-lin 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(9):2339-2343

The purpose of this test was to evaluate the egg quality from two breeds of ducks reared in cages and on floor.30 eggs were chosen from each type of eggs,which were from Jinding (green shell) and Shan Partridge ducks (white shell)at 40 weeks-old reared in cages and on floor for egg quality evaluation.The results showed that the egg weight of caged duck was extremely significantly larger than the floor duck (P<0.01) in the same breed,there were very significant positive correlations between the egg weight and eggshell weight,egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),but no significant difference among the egg yolk weights of different types of ducks (P>0.05).The shell strength of green egg was obviously higher than that of white shell eggs (P<0.05),and the shell strength of green egg from caged ducks was higher than that of the green egg ducks on floor.The correlation coefficients of the egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness,the specific gravity and eggshell strength were 0.503 (P<0.01) and 0.536 (P<0.01) respectively.Haugh units of four types of ducks all reached 72 or more.Although there was significant positive correlation between egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),significant negative correlation was existed between egg-white weight and egg yolk ratio (P<0.01).There were significant negative correlations between egg specific gravity and egg yolk weight (P<0.05) and egg yolk ratio (P<0.05).In conclusion,the mode of cage feeding and the breed with green shell were appropriate choices in laying-egg duck production for high egg quality.  相似文献   

Variation of Hematochemical Profile and Vitamin E Status in Feral Giara Horses From Free Grazing in the Wild to Hay Feeding During Captivity     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2020

Wildlife protection and management are important priorities for landscape identity and biodiversity preservation. Feeding practices of fauna confined in facilities during temporary captivity are fundamental to support animal health and natural behavior. Appropriate provision of feedstuffs appears to be necessary to support the best practices in respect of animal species-specific natural diet. This investigation explored the variation of the metabolic profile by means of selected metabolite and respective circulating levels in a group feral Giara horses undergoing the change of the diet, moving from natural free grazing in the wild to temporary captivity. Six Giara horses (4 mares and 2 stallions; estimated age: 2.5–3 years; body weight: 163–170 kg) were captured to monitor the serological reaction to equine infectious anemia (EIA; screening at Coggins test). Animals were sheltered in a wildlife rescue center for a duration of 4 weeks, and all received the same hay-based diet (ad libitum). On 0 and 28 days of captivity, blood serum alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH) concentration was determined alongside selected metabolites (liver enzymes, total protein and fractions, cholesterol, triglycerides, and macrominerals and trace elements). Comparative feces quality and composition were also assessed. Both serum samples (0 vs. 28 days) displayed α-TOH levels below (<2 μg/mL) adequacy established for the domestic horse. Initial levels markedly (P = .020) decreased after the 4 weeks of captivity (Δ = −32.5%). Vitamin E status and ALT levels varied significantly, but serum protein fractions did not point to significant variations before and after captivity. All horses tested negative to EIA. Monitoring of vitamin E status of wild and feral herbivores may be recommendable in the context of adequate feeding practices during captivity to prevent potential deficiency or excessive depletion.  相似文献   

A C-type lectin with antibacterial activity in weather loach,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus     

Xiao-Wen Zhang  Cong-Hui Yang  Hong-Quan Zhang  Xin-Tong Pan  Ze-Yu Jin  Hong-Wei Zhang  Xiao-Hua Xia 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(12):1531-1539

  相似文献   

石羊河下游不同立地类型黑果枸杞种群分布格局   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭春秀  刘开琳  马俊梅  王理德  何芳兰  赵鹏  付贵全  赵艳丽 《干旱区研究》2020,(1):178-184

在样地调查的基础上,结合相邻格子取样方法,采用扩散系数(C)、丛生指标(I)、负二项参数(K)、聚块性系数(Ca)、平均拥挤指标(m*)、聚集度指标(G)、Moristia指数(Iδ)、Green指数(IG)等8个指标,对石羊河下游不同立地类型黑果枸杞种群分布格局、聚集强度进行了研究,结果表明:①沙地和盐碱地黑果枸杞个体数量较多,聚集程度相对较高,砾石和固定半固定沙地黑果枸杞的个体数量较少,聚集程度相对较低;②盐碱地和沙地黑果枸杞种群呈现聚集分布,固定半固定沙地和砾石样地相对于沙地和盐碱地的聚集程度有所减弱,有一定的随机趋势;③不同发育阶段的黑果枸杞种群格局类型总体呈现聚集分布的特点,随着龄级的增大,黑果枸杞种群分布格局表现出由聚集向均匀分布的变化趋势。  相似文献   

农业科研院所科技开发模式及对策分析——以中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所为例     

邱美欢  林敏霞  张晓东  张洪溢  王祝年 《热带作物学报》2014,(3):60-62

简述中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所科技开发的模式与成绩，分析存在的困难和问题，提出加强科技开发的思路和对策。  相似文献   

Feed intake pattern of broiler chickens under intermittent lighting: Do birds eat in the dark?     

《动物营养（英文）》2019,5(2):174-178

This paper reflects the results of a short experiment conducted in parallel with a larger trial which aimed to test the assumption that ‘consumption of feed by broiler chickens during periods of darkness is largely negligible’. To that effect, on d 31, feeders of birds raised under intermittent lighting (IL), i.e. 1 h of light [1L]:3 h of dark (3D):1L:3D:1L:3D:1L:3D:2L:6D, were weighed at the onset and at the end of each period of darkness (or scotoperiod). Moreover, in order to compare the feeding behavior of IL birds with that of broilers raised under continuous lighting (CL, i.e. 18L:6D), their feeders were weighed in parallel and at the same time points. On d 31, feed intake of IL birds during scotoperiods represented 45% of their 24 h feed intake. Both CL and IL birds presented anticipatory feed intake prior to the long nocturnal period of darkness (6D), as well as higher feed intake right at the onset of lighting at 06:00. Feed intake of CL birds during the 6D nocturnal scotoperiod was negligible at around 2% of their total feed intake. Intermittent lighting birds exhibited excitement at the start of each hour-length scotoperiod and, within that time, ingested around 2.5 times the amount of feed ingested by CL birds. Although short, this study revealed several interesting observations which might be worth further exploring in a larger, lengthier, behavior-focused experiment. Amongst other factors, it might be interesting to understand whether the high feed intake observed during scotoperiods for IL birds in reflective of the whole flock or rather a coping mechanism developed mainly by hierarchically lower-ranking birds to achieve their daily feed intakes requirements.  相似文献   

2种方法在荒漠草原植物种群分布格局中的适用性比较   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

吴志毅  王明玖  李志强  陈海军 《草业科学》2008,25(4):145-147

研究首次比较了2种方法在测定荒漠草原6种植物种群分布格局中的适用性.结果表明,方差均值比率法及聚集强度指数法中的多个指数都适合于这6种植物分布格局的计算.但其中的聚块性指数法的运算难度较大,宜慎用.比较结果这6种植物种群皆为聚集分布,但聚集程度有所差别.  相似文献   

限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪的生长肥育性能分析     

张四阳  喻金娥  朱吉  陈方志  任惠波  李志强  彭英林  喻晓丹  杨仕柳 《养猪》2019,(3):49-53

为探索限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪生长肥育性能以适应品牌猪肉具备风味性、安全性需要,在初生重(0.98±0.02)kg饲养(99.69±2.48)d的基础上,相应于25~35 kg、35~60 kg、60~75 kg等3个体重阶段,采用精料重分别占90%、80%、70%,青料重分别占10%、20%、30%配制饲粮,并按8.5成饱模式饲喂。结果表明:1)试猪由体重(24.79±0.64)kg饲养至出栏日龄(243.77±2.67)d、出栏体重(78.22±1.76)kg,该生长肥育全程(144.03±0.23)d、日增重(370.50±9.50)g、料重比(3.51±0.03),充分体现出限饲模式可行性;2)在≤240 d、240~260 d、>260 d的日龄梯级下分别以初生重(1.02±0.02)kg、(0.94±0.04)kg、(0.99±0.08)kg所求取的日增体重百分率曲线与日龄梯级呈负相关态势,显现日龄低梯级明显优于高梯级,反映出生长强度与日龄负相关的必然性;3)自起运至屠宰分别间隔5 h、29 h的胴体率、白条率的相差值达5.04和5.05个百分点,屠宰间隔直接造成胴体损失。  相似文献