Retention time of chlorophacinone in black‐tailed prairie dogs informs secondary hazards from a prairie dog rodenticide bait          下载免费PDF全文

Gary W Witmer  Nathan P Snow  Rachael S Moulton 《Pest management science》2016,72(4):725-730

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不同氟添加量对油菜生长及土壤化学性状的影响     

张娟  郭新送  陈士更  洪丕正  丁方军 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(30)

[目的]探讨肥料中不同氟添加量对油菜生长及土壤化学性状的影响。[方法]采用油菜盆栽试验,通过比较不同氟添加量下的油菜产量、品质、生长特性及土壤化学性状,得到限制油菜生长的肥料氟化物阈值。[结果]肥料中添加氟对油菜生长有抑制作用,以200 mg/kg的添加量为临界值,大于此添加量油菜产量显著降低,与无氟添加量相比,油菜产量降低27.38%~37.82%;随氟添加量的增加,油菜蛋白质含量、含油量、可溶性糖含量均呈递减趋势,与无氟添加量相比,其含量显著降低的氟添加量临界值分别为300、200、100mg/kg;施氟处理的油菜根系活力降低12.04%~41.83%,差异显著,而氟添加量为300~500 mg/kg处理的叶绿素含量显著降低,降低幅度为19.09%~32.11%;当氟添加量300 mg/kg时,土壤总氟含量显著增加,并超过油菜的耐氟阈值,土壤p H提高3.56%~7.73%。[结论]肥料中氟化物含量不宜超过300 mg/kg。  相似文献   

Persistent Contamination of Octopuses and Mussels with Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins during Spring Dinophysis Blooms in a Subtropical Estuary     

Luiz L. Mafra  Jr.  Daiana Lopes  Vanessa C. Bonilauri  Hajime Uchida  Toshiyuki Suzuki 《Marine drugs》2015,13(6):3920-3935

This study investigates the occurrence of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and their producing phytoplankton species in southern Brazil, as well as the potential for toxin accumulation in co-occurring mussels (Perna perna) and octopuses (Octopus vulgaris). During the spring in 2012 and 2013, cells of Dinophysis acuminata complex were always present, sometimes at relatively high abundances (max. 1143 cells L⁻¹), likely the main source of okadaic acid (OA) in the plankton (max. 34 ng L⁻¹). Dinophysis caudata occurred at lower cell densities in 2013 when the lipophilic toxins pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and PTX-2 seco acid were detected in plankton and mussel samples. Here, we report for the first time the accumulation of DSTs in octopuses, probably linked to the consumption of contaminated bivalves. Perna perna mussels were consistently contaminated with different DSTs (max. 42 µg kg⁻¹), and all octopuses analyzed (n = 5) accumulated OA in different organs/tissues: digestive glands (DGs) > arms > gills > kidneys > stomach + intestine. Additionally, similar concentrations of 7-O-palmytoyl OA and 7-O-palmytoly dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) were frequently detected in the hepatopancreas of P. perna and DGs of O. vulgaris. Therefore, octopuses can be considered a potential vector of DSTs to both humans and top predators such as marine mammals.  相似文献   

塔玛亚历山大藻毒素及其对中国对虾的急性毒性     

梁忠秀  李健  李吉涛  谭志军  任海  刘德月 《中国水产科学》2014,21(6):1260-1267

利用美国分析化学家协会(Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC)所推荐的小鼠生物法(mouse bioassay, MBA), 测定了塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)(ATHK藻株)毒素粗提液的麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish poisoning, PSP)毒性;采用浸浴方式, 研究了该藻株对中国对虾的急性毒性; 采用HE染色方法, 分别对有毒藻浸浴处理和毒素粗提液注射处理后96 h中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)的鳃和肝胰腺石蜡切片进行观察。结果表明, 该藻株麻痹性贝毒毒性为3.9×10^–5 MU/cell (相当于7.3 pg STX Equal/cell), 在同种藻株中属低毒藻株; 在96 h急性毒性实验中, 塔玛亚历山大藻对中国对虾的半致死浓度(LC₅₀)为1.0×10⁴ cells/mL, 安全浓度(SC)为1.0×10³ cells/mL; 石蜡切片观察发现, 塔玛亚历山大藻与毒素粗提液分别引起了鳃和肝胰腺组织出现细胞肿胀、空泡化等病理变化。以上研究结果提示, 塔玛亚历山大藻对中国对虾有急性致死作用。为了保证中国对虾的健康养殖, 养殖水体中的塔玛亚历山大藻浓度至少应该控制在1.0×10³ cells/mL以下; 鳃的病变直接导致对虾窒息死亡可能是塔玛亚历山大藻暴露后对虾急性致死作用的最重要原因;塔玛亚历山大藻所产的PSP毒素可引起虾体代谢和解毒的主要器官—肝胰腺的病变。  相似文献   

试验性肉仔鸡氟苯尼考中毒的病理学研究     

曲悦  高立海 《中国畜牧兽医》2009,36(8):147-149

以7日龄肉仔鸡为试验动物,在饲料中添加不同剂量氟苯尼考(200、400、800、2000 mg/kg饲料(以氟苯尼考计)),对试验性氟苯尼考中毒的肉仔鸡的临床症状、剖检变化和组织病理学进行观察。结果表明,氟苯尼考中毒肉仔鸡表现腹泻,采食量减少,饮欲增加,腿无力,跗关节着地,站立不稳。剖检可见病鸡肠道大部分充血、出血,肝脏严重肿大,变性、坏死,呈土黄色,肾脏肿大、出血,腹腔有大量积液;病理组织学变化可见肝、肾等颗粒变性、脂肪变性。  相似文献   

Growth,feed efficiency and blood profile of buffalo calves consuming high levels of fluoride     

Madan J  Puri JP  Singh JK 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(3):295-298

Twelve male buffalo calves of 10 to 12 months of age were divided into 3 groups of four each. They were fed wheat straw+concentrate mixture +3 Kg greens. The chemical composition of the diet was same in all the three groups except fluoride which was added (as NaF) in concentrate mixture of group B and C to make the final fluoride concentration 30 ppm and 60 ppm respectively. The animals were kept on scheduled diet for a period of 90 days. Body weights were recorded at the start of the experiment and at fortnightly interval thereafter. Analysis of data revealed that the dry matter intake decreased non significantly in group B and C as compared to control group. A significant decrease in serum calcium and a significant increase in phosphorus concentration were observed in group C animals. A significant increase was observed in alkaline phosphatase activity in group C animals. A non significant decrease was observed in T₄ values in group C animals. On the basis of these results it could be concluded that fluoride in the diet of buffalo calves @ 30 ppm is a safe level whereas 60 ppm has affected the blood metabolites.  相似文献   

小鼠钼中毒的毒性试验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘凤军  贺加双  杨自军  徐朋朋  马德刚  乐强 《动物医学进展》2009,30(2)

为了评价钼的生物毒性,用钼酸铵对小鼠进行中毒试验.通过腹腔注射剂量分为600、720、863、1 036、1 244 mg/kg的(NH4)6 Mo7O24·4H2O,48 h统计死亡率并计算LD50;32只小鼠分为4组,分别在饮水加入含0、80、100、120 mg/L的(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O,每隔3 d称重,7 d后进行血液学和病理学分析.结果腹腔注射的LD50为813.264 mg/kg±0.0426 mg/kg;饮水中毒试验5 d时各剂量组均表现严重中毒症状,中毒小鼠尸体消瘦,小肠壁出血并有红白相间花斑,肾脏体积肿大,肝脏肿大发生脂肪变性;血液稀薄,血细胞压积降低,红细胞数和血红蛋白量减少,精子畸形率显著增加.表明钼酸铵对小鼠属于中等毒性,可造成贫血、组织脏器病变及精子畸形等.  相似文献   

艾蒿提取液对茶尺蠖生物活性的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙钦玉高旭晖  杨云秋袁争  张亮朱尉 《中国农学通报》2011,27(25):77-81

采用索氏提取法制取艾蒿（Artemisia argyi）乙醇粗提物并设定5个不同的浓度,观察其对茶尺蠖3龄幼虫的生物活性。结果表明,各处理对茶尺蠖3龄幼虫具有较强的触杀、胃毒活性和一定的拒食及抑制生长发育的作用,提取物浓度越高,效果越明显。当提取物在100 mg/mL浓度下,处理72 h后,触杀和胃毒活性中的校正死亡率分别高达66.14%、78.16%;此浓度下,12 h和24 h的拒食率分别达到了56.77%和46.01%;24 h和48 h的生长抑制率分别为54.83%和68.32%。数据显示：艾蒿乙醇粗提物对茶尺蠖具有较好的毒杀作用,有开发成植物源杀虫剂的潜力,符合当前无公害茶叶生产之急需。  相似文献   

贝类低温储存后对腹泻性贝毒检疫的影响     

唐倩囡  曹琳琳  吴真真  程绍杰  张继千 《湖北农业科学》2009,48(7)

介绍了对腹泻性贝毒(DSP)的生物分析检测方法和仪器分析技术,并采用小白鼠生物试验法检测了低温储藏12个月的贝类的DSP.结果表明,储藏温度和时间等因素,有可能使无毒的贝类肠腺产生某种生化物质以致小白鼠死亡,从而影响小白鼠法贝毒的检疫结果.试验条件下储藏12个月的贝类样品提取液0.14～0.20 g可致小白鼠在24 h内死亡.  相似文献   

一例疑似鸡食盐中毒的分析研究     

贺秀媛  李玉峰  张君涛  原维  朱翠娟  张小桃  向瑞平 《郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报》2009,29(1):20-23

为了确诊一例疑似鸡的食盐中毒病例,本文以新郑某鸡场疑似食盐中毒的4000只肉鸡为研究对象。通过测定病死鸡只胃、肠内容物及肝脏中的氯化钠含量,结合临床症状、病理变化、脏器常规石蜡切片观察,结果均与鸡的食盐中毒相符。以上结果表明,该群鸡死于食盐中毒。  相似文献