Glyphosate resistance of molecularly identified Conyza albida and Conyza bonariensis populations     

《Crop Protection》2014

In the initial screening, 18 out of 32 Conyza albida and 7 out of 28 Conyza bonariensis populations, sampled from main perennial crop regions of central and southern Greece, were found to be resistant to glyphosate. The level of resistance determined in dose–response experiments with representative populations of the two species was found to range from 7.7 to 37.3 for C. albida and from 3.4 to 7.8 for C. bonariensis. The comparison of the resistant and susceptible C. albida and C. bonariensis EPSPS gene sequences indicated that possess single nucleotide changes compared to Conyza canadensis EPSPS gene, but none of these changes is located at the position 106 that has been reported to confer resistance to glyphosate. Finally, the cpDNA sequence comparison analysis used for the most resistant population of each species and the respective susceptible counterparts was found to be a reliable tool for discrimination of conventionally classified C. albida and C. bonariensis plants that are morphologically similar. This is the first report for molecular identification of Conyza species.  相似文献   

耐草甘膦菜豆耐性机理的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

向文胜  赵长山  陶波  王相晶  苏少泉  张文吉 《农药学学报》1999,1(3):33-38

采用液谱测定耐性、感性菜豆叶片对草甘膦的吸收及草甘膦传导入根中的量。耐性、感性菜豆吸收、传导草甘膦无差异。耐性、感性菜豆 EPSP合成酶提取物中的蛋白质含量分别为 3.0 0 mg/ m L和 3.0 8mg/ m L ,EPSP合成酶的比活性分别为 2 .13nmol· min-1· mg-1蛋白和 1.97nmol· min-1· mg-1蛋白 ,但耐性、感性菜豆 EPSP合成酶比活性被草甘膦不同浓度抑制的差异大 ,抑制耐性菜豆 EPSP合成酶活性的草甘膦浓度 I50 为 19.2μmol/ L ,而感性的 I50 为 6 .3μmol/ L。两种菜豆对草甘膦的耐性差异在于各自的 EPSP合成酶比活性被草甘膦的抑制程度不同。  相似文献   

除草剂对不同种植年限柑橘园土壤氮转化过程及温室气体排放的影响     

郑祥洲  王亚萨  张玉树  张晶  丁洪 《中国生态农业学报》2018,26(3):338-346

为探讨除草剂施用对柑橘园土壤氮转化及温室气体排放的影响,在实验室培养条件下,研究了0年(林地)、种植10年和30年的柑橘园土壤中分别添加除草剂草甘膦和丁草胺后,尿素态氮含量、硝化和反硝化作用以及温室气体排放的变化。研究结果表明,橘园土壤中尿素第1 d的水解率、氮肥硝化率、反硝化作用损失总量以及N_2O和CO_2排放量显著高于林地土壤(P0.05)。与10年橘园土壤相比,30年橘园土壤显著增加了尿素的水解速率、氮肥硝化率和CO_2排放量(P0.05),但二者的反硝化损失量没有显著差异。施用草甘膦和丁草胺都显著促进了林地土壤的尿素水解(P0.05),第1 d尿素态氮含量分别降低11.20%和12.43%;但对3种土壤氮肥的硝化率均没有明显影响。施用丁草胺显著降低了林地土壤的CO_2排放量(P0.05),对两种橘园土壤的CO_2排放没有明显影响,但明显增加了两种橘园土壤的N_2O排放总量(P0.05),分别比不施除草剂增加56.27%和85.41%;施用草甘膦对3种土壤的N_2O和CO_2排放均没有明显影响。可见,草甘膦和丁草胺的施用不会对柑橘园土壤的氮转化过程产生影响,但丁草胺显著增加了柑橘园土壤的N_2O排放。  相似文献   

二甲四氯钠与草甘膦混用防除棉田节节草的效果     

刘清河  甘志忠  吴振江  伍琦 《江西棉花》2015,(1)

节节草是棉田入侵性难除杂草,一般除草剂难以防治,作者采用草甘膦与二甲四氯钠混合施用,其防治效果可达95％以上,药效期可保持在30天以上,比人工除草或草甘膦、二甲四氯钠盐的单一防除效果要好,且防效期更长。  相似文献   

薤白EPSP合成酶基因转化烟草提高其草甘膦抗性     

黄丽华  蒋向  李博  李育强  张学文 《作物学报》2009,35(5):855-860

葱属植物薤白具有较强的草甘膦抗性.将薤白中与草甘膦抗性相关的EPSP合成酶基因(EPSPsA)cDNA重组到植物表达载体pWM101中,构建薤白植物表达EPSPsA重组载体,采用根癌农杆菌介导法将其转入烟草品种WS38,获得转薤白EPSPsA基因烟草.PCR分析表明,目的基因已经整合进烟草基因组中.对转基因烟草愈伤组织及幼苗进行的草甘膦抗性检测表明,转基因烟草对草甘膦的耐受性明显提高.  相似文献   

两株草甘膦降解菌的菌液浓度和草甘膦含量的动态变化     

吴翔  康纪婷  甘炳成 《西南农业学报》2011,24(1)

从农药厂污永处理池的活性污泥中分离得到两株降解有机磷农药的菌株BR13和BR57,研究了两株菌的菌液浓度和草甘膦含量的动态变化.结果表明,在整个发酵过程中,草甘膦的含量都随着两株菌的菌液浓度增大而逐渐降低.分别在发酵65和71 h后,两株菌对草甘膦的降解能力均达到最大.  相似文献   

Reduction in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) occurrence in Iowa cropland from 1999 to 2009     

Robert G. Hartzler 《Crop Protection》2010

The role of common milkweed in the lifecycle of the monarch butterfly has increased interest in the presence of this weed in the north central United States. An initial survey conducted in 1999 found that low densities of common milkweed occurred in approximately 50% of Iowa corn and soybean fields. In 2009, common milkweed was present in only 8% of surveyed fields, and the area within infested fields occupied by common milkweed was reduced by approximately 90% compared to 1999. The widespread adoption of glyphosate resistant corn and soybean cultivars and the reliance on post-emergence applications of glyphosate for weed control in crop fields likely has contributed to the decline in common milkweed in agricultural fields.  相似文献   

草甘膦对土壤微生物量及呼吸强度的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

呼蕾  和文祥  高亚军 《西北农业学报》2010,19(7):168-172

以中国褐土、黄绵土、风沙土和红壤4类土壤共10个土样为材料,较为系统地研究了草甘膦对土壤微生物量、土壤呼吸及代谢墒的影响。结果表明,在碱性土壤中,草甘膦对微生物碳和微生物氮有一定的抑制作用;在酸性土壤中,草甘膦对微生物碳和微生物氮有一定的激活作用。这揭示出土壤性质对草甘膦的毒性有重要影响,特别是pH。草甘膦对土壤呼吸有轻微激活作用,但土壤代谢熵明显增加,不利于土壤微生物的生长,从而影响土壤品质。碱性和酸性土壤受草甘膦轻度和中度污染的临界质量分数分别为43.8和219.2mg/kg及58.2和291.0 mg/kg。  相似文献   

Soil-applied herbicide use in wide- and narrow-row glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max)     

Jason K. Norsworthy   《Crop Protection》2004,23(12):1237-1244

A field study was conducted in 2001 and 2002 at Blackville, SC, to compare the effectiveness of soil-applied herbicide programmes followed by glyphosate with sequential glyphosate applications in 19- and 97-cm row soybean. Treatments included pre-emergence applications of flumetsulam, chlorimuron plus sulfentrazone, metribuzin, or flumioxazin all applied with S-metolachlor with a subsequent application of glyphosate applied 5 wk after soybean planting (WAP). Additional treatments included sequential applications of glyphosate at 3 and 5 WAP and a non-treated control. Weed control was comparable in wide and narrow rows, and soil-applied herbicides were similar to sequential glyphosate applications in either row width. Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., and Cyperus rotundus L. control with all herbicides was 98–100%. All herbicide programmes provided at least 92% Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray and I. lacunosa L. control. S-metolachlor plus flumetsulam followed by glyphosate provided 99% Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby control, which was superior to the 88% and 90% obtained with chlorimuron plus sulfentrazone and metribuzin programmes, respectively. Flumioxazin and sulfentrazone caused up to 12% soybean injury. In 2001, soybean yields and gross profit margins were similar for soil-applied programmes followed by glyphosate and sequential glyphosate applications in wide and narrow rows. Conversely, soybean yields and profit margins in 2002 averaged across soil-applied programs were 380 kg/ha and $50/ha superior to sequential glyphosate applications in wide rows, but were similar in narrow rows. This research indicates a highly efficacious soil-applied herbicide program followed by glyphosate provides similar weed control to sequential glyphosate applications in wide- and narrow-row soybean; however, a soil-applied herbicide programme followed by glyphosate may improve yields and returns of wide-row soybean over sequential glyphosate applications alone.  相似文献   

Flaxleaf fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) populations have developed glyphosate resistance in north-east Australian cropping fields     

Steven Walker  Kerry Bell 《Crop Protection》2011,30(3):311-317

In recent years flaxleaf fleabane has become a widespread and difficult-to-control weed in no-tilled fallowed fields, where weeds are controlled by applications of glyphosate, in annual cropping systems of north-east Australia. Fifty-two populations, collected in a national survey from agricultural and non-agricultural areas, were tested in two glyphosate dose-response pot experiments. In two subsequent pot experiments, a sub-set of these populations was tested with a field rate of glyphosate when weeds of two ages were grown at different soil moistures. In the first and second experiments, most populations collected from chemical fallowed or cropped fields in north-east Australia had GR₅₀ (estimated dose for 50% biomass reduction) values three to six times greater than the susceptible populations, indicating low levels of glyphosate resistance. Several populations from roadsides adjacent to chemical fallowed or cropped fields also had higher GR₅₀ values, indicating movement of seeds from resistant plants. In the third experiment, weed biomass of all populations from chemical fallowed or cropped fields was 70-98% of unsprayed compared to 2-3% for the susceptible populations, irrespective of weed age or soil moisture. In the fourth experiment which treated older weeds, the response of several resistant populations to glyphosate was unaffected by differences in weed age and soil moisture, whereas the biomass of the other resistant populations was greater following spraying of older and/or moisture stressed plants compared with smaller non-stressed plants. Thus, exclusive reliance on glyphosate for fallow weed control in this region has resulted in the evolution of resistance in flaxleaf fleabane populations in a cropping system with annual non-transgenic crops. Prolific production of windborne seeds, combined with poor control associated with spraying large moisture-stressed weeds, is likely to have contributed also to flaxleaf fleabane becoming such a problem weed.  相似文献