Changes in activity of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and in polyamine contents in developing fruit tissues of ‘Murcott’ mandarin     

R. Nathan  A. Altman  S.P. Monselise 《Scientia Horticulturae》1984,22(4):359-364

Arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) contents were analysed in growing ‘Murcott’ mandarin fruits from bloom to full development. Enzymes of polyamine synthesis and, to a lesser extent, polyamine contents roughly followed patterns of growth activity in fruit tissues, with a maximum at the early stages, a minimum at mid-summer and intermediate values at full fruit development. ADC/ODC and Put/Spd ratios were 2–8 and 2–30, respectively. Possible links between polyamine metabolism and citrus fruit set and development are suggested.  相似文献   

液态或颗粒饲料添加精氨酸对21～42 d断奶仔猪生长性能和血浆氨基酸水平的影响     

唐敬德  孙晓飞 《中国饲料》2019,(10):59-63

文章旨在研究饲喂颗粒料或液态料以及日粮添加精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能及血浆必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量的影响。试验选择21 d断奶的健康仔猪672头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复28头。试验日粮采用2×2多因素方差设计,2种饲料形态(液态料或颗粒料),2个精氨酸水平(0或6 g/kg精氨酸),试验共进行21 d。断奶后前10 d饲喂液态料较颗粒料显著改善了仔猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料比(P<0.05);在断奶后第11~13天液态料向颗粒料过渡阶段,液态料组较颗粒料组对日增重和料比具有负面影响(P<0.05);饲料形态和添加精氨酸以及饲料形态和仔猪日龄对断奶仔猪的平均日采食量的影响具有显著交互效应(P<0.05)。断奶后前10 d,饲喂液态料的仔猪较颗粒显著提高了干物质摄入量(P<0.05);断奶后前10 d饲喂添加精氨酸的液态料仔猪,由液态料向固体料过渡,显著提高了采食量和日增重(P<0.05)。液态或颗粒饲料添加精氨酸显著降低了断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量(P<0.05);饲喂液态料的断奶仔猪在28和37 d较颗粒料组显著降低了血浆尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。除了色氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸外,液态料较颗粒料均显著提高了断奶仔猪血浆氨基酸水平(P<0.05);颗粒料或液态料添加精氨酸显著提高了断奶仔猪血浆亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸和甘氨酸水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,断奶后仔猪饲喂液态料可以提高生长性能,但无论颗粒料还是液态料添加精氨酸均可以显著提高血浆精氨酸水平,降低尿素氮含量。  相似文献   

Marginal deficiencies of dietary arginine and methionine could suppress growth performance and immunological responses in broiler chickens          下载免费PDF全文

R. Jahanian  M. Khalifeh‐Gholi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e11-e20

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) on performance, immune responses, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 540 day‐old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into the nine experimental diets, consisting five replicates of 12 birds each. Dietary treatments included three different levels (90%, 100%, and 110% of National Research Council [NRC] specifications) of either dietary Arg or Met, which were fed to the birds according to a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments during a 42 days feeding trial. Results showed that supplementation of Arg and Met into the deficient‐diets increased (p < .01) weight gains during all trial periods. Although average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not influenced by dietary treatments, increasing Arg up to 100% of NRC recommendations improved (p < .05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) throughout the trial period. Similarly, supplementation of deficient‐diets with Met improved FCR values. There was a significant (p < .01) Arg × Met interaction for ADFI during the starter period; increasing the dietary Arg level increased ADFI when the diets were deficient in Met, while had an opposite effect in diets containing higher dietary Met levels. On the other hand, dietary Met fortification improved (p = .067) FCR values to a greater extent in 110% Arg‐diets during the entire trial period. Although different levels of Arg and Met had no marked effects on carcass yield and abdominal fat percentage, supplemental Arg up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .01) the relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Furthermore, bursa weight was affected by Arg × Met interaction (p < .01), so that supplemental Arg level of 100% of NRC increased the relative bursa weight in birds that were fed diets containing 90% and 110% of Met. Serum uric acid level was decreased (p < .05) as a result of dietary Arg fortification up to 110% of NRC recommended values. Supplementation of deficient‐diets with Met decreased (p < .05) serum cholesterol level. Although Newcastle antibody titer was not affected by dietary Arg or Met levels, Arg fortification of deficient‐diets increased (p < .001) antibody responses against infectious bronchitis (IBV) and bursal (IBD) disease viruses. Similarly, Met supplementation of deficient‐diets increased IBD antibody titer. There were significant (p < .05) Arg × Met interactions for IBV and IBD titers; Met fortification of 110% Arg‐diets was more effective in increasing antibody titers. An increase in dietary Met level up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .001) serum concentration of γ‐globulins. The present findings imply that supplemental Arg could affect feed efficiency and antibody responses when the diets were already fortified with a sufficient Met level.  相似文献   

精氨酸分解代谢及其在马健康养殖中的应用研究进展     

刘保宣  李宁  臧长江 《动物营养学报》2021,33(1)

精氨酸,又名2-氨基-5-胍基戊酸,是哺乳动物体内一氧化氮的唯一氮供体和尿素循环的关键氨基酸之一。精氨酸是20种蛋白质氨基酸中碱性最强的氨基酸,具有亲水性侧链。饲粮中添加适量的精氨酸可以调控母畜的生殖系统血流量及胎盘对营养物质的转运和代谢,进而提高繁殖性能。本文主要从精氨酸分解代谢以及饲粮中补喂精氨酸对马生殖系统血流量、血液参数和胎盘功能等方面的影响进行总结,为精氨酸在马健康养殖中的应用提供科学的理论参考。  相似文献   

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸缓解猪肠道氧化应激的研究进展     

胡乃志  马文锋  毛培  吴秋珏 《动物营养学报》2023,(4):2081-2086

肠道是机体内外环境的交汇点，易受外界环境变化诱导产生活性氧自由基，严重时造成机体氧化还原系统失衡，从而诱发肠道氧化应激。N-氨甲酰谷氨酸（NCG）是N-乙酰谷氨酸（NAG）的结构类似物，可以促进肠道内源精氨酸的合成。近些年研究发现，NCG在缓解猪肠道氧化应激和维持肠道健康方面发挥重要作用。本文综述了NCG缓解猪肠道氧化应激的作用机制，也为NCG在缓解生猪氧化应激上的应用提供参考。  相似文献   

饲粮精氨酸与丙氨酸对环江香猪肉质、氨基酸组成及抗氧化功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴琛  刘俊锋  孔祥峰  杨焕胜  印遇龙  杨家晃 《动物营养学报》2012,(3):528-533

本试验旨在研究饲粮精氨酸与丙氨酸对环江香猪肉质、氨基酸组成及抗氧化功能的影响,选用体重为 ２８～３３ｋｇ的环江香猪 １６头（公母各占 １／２）,按体重相近原则随机分为 ２组,每组 ４个重复,每个重复 ２头猪。丙氨酸组在基础饲粮中外源添加 １．７１％的 Ｌ－丙氨酸（等氮对照）,精氨酸组在基础饲粮中外源添加 ０．８３％的 Ｌ－精氨酸和 ０．８８％的米糠。试验期为 ４５ｄ。结果表明：与丙氨酸组相比,精氨酸组瘦肉率显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,脂肪率和背最长肌中粗脂肪含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;肝脏丝氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸含量显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;血浆过氧化氢酶活性显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,丙二醛含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述结果提示,饲粮中适宜水平的精氨酸可提高环江香猪瘦肉率,降低脂肪率,增强机体抗氧化功能,从而改善部分肉品质指标。  相似文献   

大菱鲆对饲料精氨酸的需求量及饲料精氨酸水平对大菱鲆生长和代谢的影响     

付丰顺  刘成栋  王旋  周慧慧  麦康森  何艮 《水产学报》2021,45(10):1692-1702

为研究大菱鲆最适饲料精氨酸需求量及饲料精氨酸水平对大菱鲆生长和代谢的影响,选取初始体质量为(43.07±0.10) g的大菱鲆为对象,使用酪蛋白和明胶作为蛋白质来源,鱼油和大豆卵磷脂作为脂质来源,配制5组等氮等脂(51%粗蛋白和12.5%粗脂肪)的精制饲料,通过添加晶体氨基酸混合物,使得饲料中精氨酸含量分别为干物质的1.92%、2.65%、3.40%、4.17%和4.88%(对应饲料号为1、2、3、4、5),以喂食1.92%精氨酸水平饲料的处理组作为对照组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复12尾鱼,养殖周期为10周。结果显示,与对照组相比,3.40%～4.88%饲料精氨酸水平(占饲料蛋白质6.66%～9.52%)显著改善了大菱鲆的生长性能和饲料利用率。基于特定生长率(SGR)的折线回归分析,大菱鲆的最适饲料精氨酸需求量为饲料干物质的3.17%,饲料蛋白质的6.21%。适宜的饲料精氨酸水平显著提高了鱼体蛋白含量和血浆总蛋白水平,同时显著降低了血浆葡萄糖水平。此外,适宜的饲料精氨酸水平显著提高了肝脏脂肪酸合成、脂肪酸β-氧化、糖酵解、三羧酸循环和氧化磷酸化相关基因的表达,而显著降低了肝脏氨基酸降解相关基因的表达。研究表明,3.40%～4.88%饲料精氨酸水平(占饲料蛋白质6.66%～9.52%)可以调节大菱鲆的营养代谢,并促进大菱鲆的生长。  相似文献   

The use of vasopressin for treating vasodilatory shock and cardiopulmonary arrest     

Richard D. Scroggin Jr.  DVM  DACVIM    Jane Quandt  MS  DVM  DACVA  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(2):145-157

Objective – To discuss 3 potential mechanisms for loss of peripheral vasomotor tone during vasodilatory shock; review vasopressin physiology; review the available animal experimental and human clinical studies of vasopressin in vasodilatory shock and cardiopulmonary arrest; and make recommendations based on review of the data for the use of vasopressin in vasodilatory shock and cardiopulmonary arrest. Data Sources – Human clinical studies, veterinary experimental studies, forum proceedings, book chapters, and American Heart Association guidelines. Human and Veterinary Data Synthesis – Septic shock is the most common form of vasodilatory shock. The exogenous administration of vasopressin in animal models of fluid‐resuscitated septic and hemorrhagic shock significantly increases mean arterial pressure and improves survival. The effect of vasopressin on return to spontaneous circulation, initial cardiac rhythm, and survival compared with epinephrine is mixed. Improved survival in human patients with ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and nonspecific cardiopulmonary arrest has been observed in 4 small studies of vasopressin versus epinephrine. Three large studies, though, did not find a significant difference between vasopressin and epinephrine in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest regardless of initial cardiac rhythm. No veterinary clinical trials have been performed using vasopressin in cardiopulmonary arrest. Conclusion – Vasopressin (0.01–0.04 U/min, IV) should be considered in small animal veterinary patients with vasodilatory shock that is unresponsive to fluid resuscitation and catecholamine (dobutamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine) administration. Vasopressin (0.2–0.8 U/kg, IV once) administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in small animal veterinary patients with pulseless electrical activity or ventricular asystole may be beneficial for myocardial and cerebral blood flow.  相似文献   

Antagonistic Effects of Atipamezole,Yohimbine and Prazosin on Medetomidine-Induced Diuresis in Healthy Cats     

Yusuke MURAHATA  Asami YAMAMOTO  Yuya MIKI  Yoshiaki HIKASA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(2):173-182

  相似文献   

精氨酸对猪免疫功能影响的研究进展     

陈彦良  ;唐艳强  ;肖海红  ;吴信  ;郭小泽  ;高天增  ;李思明 《饲料与畜牧》2014,(12):10-13

精氨酸是一种动物机体必需的营养素。研究发现,精氨酸是动物体内一种重要的功能性氨基酸,不仅在细胞分裂、伤口复原、蛋白质合成和分泌激素等生理过程起着重要的作用,同时作为一种重要的免疫调节剂参与体内的免疫调节。本文就精氨酸的理化性质、来源和分解代谢及其在猪免疫方面的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献