纳米二氧化钛光催化修复二苯砷酸污染土壤的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王阿楠  骆永明 《土壤》2015,47(1):107-112

利用纳米二氧化钛去除土壤中的二苯砷酸(diphenylarsinicacid,DPAA),研究了纳米二氧化钛对土壤吸附DPAA能力的影响,着重比较了原位直接光解法与异位泥浆处理法在去除DPAA效率上的差异,并对纳米二氧化钛催化降解的实验室条件进行了优化。结果表明:纳米二氧化钛添加可提高土壤对DPAA的吸附能力,但由于纳米颗粒的稳定性受到土壤中有机质影响,仅能提高红壤对DPAA的固定能力。直接施加纳米颗粒的原位光降解受纳米二氧化钛用量影响较小,主要受限于光在土层中的光照厚度及土壤含水量。汞灯照射10天后,DPAA的降解率最高仅为39.5%,但加水将土壤调制成泥浆、通过搅拌提高紫外照射下土壤与纳米颗粒的受辐射几率,可显著提高降解率,其中水土比变化较纳米二氧化钛用量更显著影响催化反应效率。将水土比从1︰1提升至10︰1,光照1.5 h后DPAA的降解率从34.3%上升至72.2%。泥浆搅拌下,二氧化钛光催化降解的方法在不同土壤中均表现出良好的降解效率,在有机质含量较低的红壤中DPAA的降解率最高达78.6%。  相似文献   

有机酸对不同磷源施入石灰性潮土后无机磷形态转化的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

庞荣丽  介晓磊  方金豹  谭金芳  李有田 《植物营养与肥料学报》2007,13(1):39-43

采用室内培养和化学分析的方法研究了几种有机酸对石灰性潮土无机磷形态转化的影响。结果表明,1)石灰性潮土中磷素主要以有效性很低的磷酸盐(Ca10-P等)形式存在,而有效性较高的磷酸盐(Ca8-P等)含量较少,Ca2-P就更少。2)不同磷源施入土壤后,无机磷总量相应增加。磷酸二氢钾与磷酸二钙主要向Ca8-P、Al-P等有效性相对较差的磷素形态转化,磷酸八钙、氟磷灰石、磷酸铁、磷酸铝等有效性较差的磷源,在较短的时期内主要以自身的形态存在。3)施加各种有机酸可以不同程度地降低土壤中Fe-P、Al-P和Ca10-P含量,增加Ca2-P、Ca8-P和O-P含量,总的趋势是促进土壤中植物难以利用的无机磷形态向植物可以利用的形态转化。这种促进能力因有机酸种类和性质的不同而不同,其作用大小顺序为草酸柠檬酸酒石酸。  相似文献   

柳州市中心酸雨化学特征与成因分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

梁宏温  温远光  何斌  刘世荣  尚鹤  安家成  韦仲烈 《广西农业生物科学》2002,21(4):261-265

对柳州市1996－2001年降水的化学特征进行了连续6年的监测。结果表明：柳州市中心降水的pH值平均为5．31，年度变幅为4．33－5．82，出现的酸雨频率平均为62．3％，变幅为41．7％－89．7％，其酸雨频率的年度变化呈跳跃式，且这一趋势相当剧烈。其降水酸度季节变化明显，春、夏两季较高，冬季次之，秋季较低。其酸雨化学特征受SO4^2-离子的影响最大，SO4^2-浓度占降水中离子总浓度的63．8％。酸雨出现的月频率随大气硫酸盐化速率的增大而增大，相关系数达0．98，属典型的硫酸型酸雨。减少SO2的排放量，是控制和治理柳州市酸雨污染的基本途径。  相似文献   

腐殖酸对池塘底泥中铅、镉的离子形态分布及其活性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汪斌  谭建新  代静玉 《土壤通报》2007,38(1):106-110

本文探讨了腐殖酸对池塘底泥中铅、镉的离子形态分布及其活性的影响。结果表明,富里酸(FA)能使底泥中铅、镉的碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态的含量下降,而有机结合态和可溶态的含量升高,但是胡敏酸(HA)则使其它各形态均向有机结合态转化。随着FA浓度的提高底泥中铅、镉的可溶态含量也呈增高的趋势,但是HA的作用与此相反,这就表明FA能活化底泥中的铅、镉,而HA则起到了钝化作用,且它们的作用随着浓度的增大而增大。另外,无论是FA还是HA它们对底泥中铅、镉的离子形态分布及其活性的影响均表现出对铅的作用大于对镉的作用。  相似文献   

Tracing Pharmaceuticals in the Unsaturated Zone (10 pp)     

Traugott J. Scheytt  Petra Mersmann  Elzbieta Rejman-Rasinski  Anja These 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(2):75-84

Background, Aim and Scope   One of the first occurrences of pharmaceutically active compounds in groundwater was reported from the sewage irrigation farms south of Berlin. At these sewage irrigation farms treated sewage effluent passed the soil and unsaturated zone before reaching the aquifer. Clofibric acid was detected in pore water from soils of those sewage irrigation farms in concentrations between 65 ng/L and 1430 ng/L. The aim of this study was to investigate the transport behavior of regularly detected clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and propyphenazone under conditions comparable to those at the sewage irrigation farms in a multiple compound sand column laboratory experiment. Materials and Methods   Sediment column experiments were conducted to study the transport of pharmaceuticals in the unsaturated zone. The migration was measured in fine to medium grained sand and leaching solution containing 1 mg/L of pharmaceutically active compounds and 61 mg/L of the tracer lithium chloride (LiCl). For the analysis of the pharmaceutical compounds the water samples were adjusted to a pH value of 2 and then extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Before extraction, the samples were spiked with a surrogate standard for analytical quality control. The sample extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Depending on the sample volume (100 to 200 mL) and the matrix, the limits of detection were between 1 and 10 ng/L, and the limits of quantitation were between 5 and 25 ng/L. Analysis for calcium, magnesium and lithium were carried out using a 'Trace Scan' ICP-AES from Thermo Jarrel Ash. Sodium, potassium, iron and manganese were analyzed using a Philips PU 9400 flame AAS. Analysis of anions was performed on a Dionex ion chromatograph DX 120. Results   At the sewage irrigation farms the average concentrations of clofibric acid in the unsaturated zone declined from higher values near ground surface (480 ng/L) to lower values near the groundwater table (65 ng/L). From the pharmaceuticals analyzed only clofibric acid, primidone and propyphenazone could be analyzed in the first (upper) aquifer at the sewage irrigation farms. All other pharmaceuticals could neither be detected in the first aquifer nor in the deeper aquifers. Breakthrough curves from soil column experiments revealed no transformation and no retardation for clofibric acid, whereas transformation of diclofenac was so high (79%) that no retardation factor could be calculated. Ibuprofen was significantly transformed (37%), transformation of propyphenazone (17%) was quite low and retardation (Rf = 2.05) was in the range of previously conducted column experiments. Discussion   The results confirm previously conducted experiments with clofibric acid where this compound was identified as highly mobile and persistent. The results that diclofenac and ibuprofen are significantly transformed where unexpected as other studies exhibited much lower transformation under saturated conditions at least for diclofenac. However, lower pH values and higher oxygen contents in the unsaturated zone compared to the aquifer may explain this observed high transformation of these compounds at the column experiments. Conclusions   We conclude that irrigation with sewage effluent containing the compounds used in our experiments will lead to an input into groundwater of clofibric acid, whereas diclofenac and ibuprofen will most likely be transformed during the passage. Propyphenazone will be retarded but will most likely occur in groundwater. These results from the column experiments coincide very well with the occurrence of the pharmaceuticals clofibric acid, primidone, and propyphenazone in the first aquifer. Recommendations and Perspective  : The results underline the need to study the sorption of pharmaceuticals on various materials. e.g. organic matter, surfaces at pH values occurring in the unsaturated zone. Future field studies will also include the investigation of desorption behavior in the unsaturated zone.  相似文献   

Plant secondary metabolites, biphenyl, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin effects on aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl removal and microbial community structure in soils     

Wensui Luo  Elisa M. D’Angelo  Mark S. Coyne 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(3):735-743

Biphenyl and several plant secondary metabolites (PSM) (carvone, isoprene, limonene, naringin, and coumarin) and surfactant (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, (HP-β-CD)) have been shown to improve aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) removal by several bacterial species. The objective of this study was to determine whether these treatments also affect PCB removal and microbial community structure in a high organic matter soil (Pahokee soil series with 67% organic matter) and low organic matter soil (Woolper soil series with 6% organic matter), as determined by monitoring changes in PCB levels and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles in laboratory microcosms amended with these compounds. Biphenyl enhanced di-chlorinated and tri-chlorinated biphenyl removal in both soils, but PSM did not improve removal of these congeners. On the contrary, HP-β-CD decreased PCB removal when used in combination with biphenyl. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that HP-β-CD significantly increased tetra- and penta-chlorinated biphenyl removal from the high organic matter soil, but not from the low organic matter soil. Principal components analysis of PLFA data indicated that HP-β-CD increased proportions of 18:1ω7c associated with Gram-negative bacteria, but decreased 10me16 and 10me17 lipid associated with Gram-positive bacteria, while biphenyl and PSMs had no detectable effects on soil microbial communities. PCB removal was not correlated to any PLFA. In conclusion, PSM previously shown to enhance PCB removal in soil-free systems were not effective in two divergent soils evaluated in this study, and HP-β-CB had increase, decrease, or no effect on PCB removal depending on types of PCB congeners, soils, and co-amendments.  相似文献   

菜心对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)吸收途径的初步研究   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

曾巧云  莫测辉  蔡全英  王伯光 《农业工程学报》2005,21(8):137-141

采用玻璃室处理和污染土壤覆盖原土壤来控制PAEs来源进行盆栽试验，应用GC/MS联机检测技术初步研究了菜心对PAEs的吸收途径。结果表明：污染土壤处理与污染土壤上覆盖原土壤处理相比，前者菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的含量均高于后者，但相差不大，表明菜心茎叶可以吸收污染土壤中挥发出来的DBP和DEHP，而根系吸收运移是菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的主要来源途径。玻璃室处理增加了菜心茎叶和根系中DBP的含量，而对DEHP的影响趋势不明显。DBP与DEHP相比，前者更易被菜心根系吸收并向地上部(茎叶)运移，后者主要滞留在根部。  相似文献   

模拟酸雨对茶园土壤中铅的溶出及形态转化的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宗良纲  周俊  罗敏  张丽娜 《土壤通报》2005,36(5):695-699

采用模拟酸雨连续淋洗的方法,研究了茶园土壤的酸化以及不同铅污染程度土壤中铅的溶出和形态转化规律。结果表明,土壤的酸化程度受酸雨酸性强度的控制,酸雨pH越低,土壤酸化程度越强;土壤中铅的溶出总量随模拟酸雨的酸度和土壤本身含铅量的增加而增加,但是土壤滤液中铅含量随时间变化的规律只受模拟酸雨的pH影响;土壤铅污染程度越严重,其中的活性态铅含量越高,同时pH<4.5的酸雨会使土壤中的非活性态铅大量向活性态转化,这将导致土壤中铅的活化而增加其生态风险。  相似文献   

炭化生活污水污泥对酸化红壤的改良效果     

卢再亮  刘兆东  李九玉  姜军  徐仁扣 《土壤》2015,47(2):408-413

从南京市、马鞍山市和丹阳市的3个污水处理厂采集污泥,在500℃下热解制备炭化污泥,测定了污泥和炭化污泥的性质和重金属含量,研究了污泥和炭化污泥对酸性红壤改良效果,并探讨了炭化污泥中重金属的环境风险。结果表明,污泥和炭化污泥中含有一定量的碱,添加炭化污泥可提高红壤的p H和交换性钙、镁和钾含量,降低土壤交换性铝和交换性H+含量。但污泥中大量铵态氮的硝化作用释放质子,抵消了污泥对红壤酸度的改良作用。添加污泥和炭化污泥提高了土壤有机碳、有效磷和速效钾的含量,提高了土壤肥力。污泥炭化后重金属含量有所增加,但大部分重金属的有效态含量下降,说明热解过程可以降低部分有毒重金属的活性。与对照相比,添加炭化污泥会增加土壤中部分重金属有效态含量,特别是有效态锌含量显著增加,因此炭化污泥农业利用存在一定的环境风险。建议将炭化污泥用于酸化的森林红壤的改良。  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus aggregatum) influences biotransformation of arsenic in the rhizosphere of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Venecio U. Y. ULTRA Jr    Sota TANAKA  Katsutoshi SAKURAI  K&#;z&#; IWASAKI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(4):499-508

  相似文献