Excretion of loline alkaloids in urine and faeces of sheep dosed with meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) seed containing high concentrations of loline alkaloids     

SR Gooneratne  BJ Patchett  M Wellby  LR Fletcher 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):176-182

Abstract

AIM: To determine the effect of oral dosing of sheep with loline alkaloids on their excretion in urine and faeces, and to monitor for any toxic effects.

METHODS: In Experiment 1, six 9-month-old ewe lambs were given a single oral dose of loline alkaloids (52 mg/kg bodyweight (BW); acute exposure) as a suspension of ground meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) seed in water. In Experiment 2, on six consecutive days, six ewe lambs were given three doses of loline (68 mg/kg BW/day; chronic exposure). Blood was collected at variable intervals up to 72 h in Experiment 1, and up to 8 days in Experiment 2, for haematology and measurement of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransaminase, creatine kinase and γ-glutamyl transferase in plasma. Urine and faecal samples were collected at similar times for measurement of creatinine in urine and loline alkaloid analysis. A post mortem with histopathology was carried out on two animals at the end of each experiment.

RESULTS: The loline alkaloids, N-acetyl norloline, N-formyl loline, N-acetyl loline, N-methyl loline and loline base were detected in urine within 15 minutes after the single dosing. N-formyl loline and loline base were the predominant metabolites in urine in both experiments. The total quantity of lolines excreted in both urine and faeces was 10% and 4% of the amount dosed in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In both experiments, the clinical chemistry parameters in blood and urine were within normal ranges. Post-mortem and histopathological examination did not show any abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of loline alkaloid profiles in both urine and faeces of sheep. The appearance of loline alkaloids and the loline base in urine within 15 minutes suggests rapid uptake, metabolism and excretion. Loline alkaloids were non-toxic to sheep at the concentrations they are exposed to under New Zealand grazing conditions. The low recovery of loline alkaloids in urine and faeces in the absence of toxicity signs suggests lolines are extensively metabolised; probably to forms other than N-formyl loline, N-methyl loline, N-acetyl loline, N-acetyl norloline, and loline base in the digestive tract of sheep prior to absorption, and/or in the liver or other tissues following absorption.  相似文献   

猪粪便和尿液中二甲氧苄啶的液相色谱串联质谱检测方法研究     

元波  郭红燕袁  高又文  曾振灵 《广东农业科学》2013,40(17):101-103

试验旨在建立二甲氧苄啶在猪粪便和尿液中的液相色谱串联质谱检测方法。尿液经乙酸乙酯液液萃取,有机层经氮气吹干、35%乙腈水复溶后上机检测;粪便样品经酸乙酯提取,MCX 小柱净化后,洗脱液用氮气吹干,35%乙腈水复溶后上机检测。结果显示：猪粪便和尿液中二甲氧苄啶浓度分别在5~1 000 μg/kg 和10~1 000 μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系渊r>0.99冤,尿液尧粪便中二甲氧苄啶的定量限分别为10 μg/L 和5 μg/kg,尿液添加浓度为10、100、1 000 μg/L时的回收率分别为79.6%、84.3%、90.2%,粪便添加浓度为10、100、1 000 μg/kg 时的回收率分别为66.1%、65.1%、54.7%,批间、批内变异系数均小于14%,该方法定量限低,灵敏、准确,符合相关研究的要求。  相似文献   

Topsoil as Affected by Dung Deposition Under Resting Places of Red Howler Monkey （Alouatta seniculus）     

S. POUVELLE F. FEER J. F. PONGE 《土壤圈》2008,18(6):691-698

The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey （Alouatta seniculus） living in tropical ralnforests of South America. Monkey dung was experimentally clumped on the field in a place used by troops of howler monkeys for resting in the Nouragues Reserve Station, French Guiana. Dung-treated plots were sampled serially over three weeks and compared with controls located in their immediate vicinity. The composition of the soil matrix （top 10 cm） was studied in successive microlayers using an optical method. Under the influence of dung beetle activity, the topsoil became more homogeneous by losing its litter, its content in earthworm faeces increased in the course of time, and surface mineral deposits were penetrated by roots. The results were interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the effects of soil animal activity on plant growth and survival of seedlings.  相似文献   

鹅粪与化肥对牧草产量及其营养成分的影响   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

方热军  印遇龙  胡民强  邢廷铣 《草业科学》2004,21(3):39-42

在苜蓿Medicagosativa和黑麦草Loliummultiflorum人工草地上分别施用鹅粪、化肥进行比较试验,探讨不同肥料种类对牧草产量及其营养成分的影响。结果表明:施用鹅粪与施用化肥相比,苜蓿产量和粗蛋白含量分别提高29 4%和11 2%,黑麦草提高6 2%和13 9%;2种肥料对牧草纤维成分虽有一定的影响,但差异均不显著(P>0 05);在人工草地上施用鹅粪能显著提高牧草产量和粗蛋白含量,改善其营养。  相似文献   

Optimal feeding frequency of captive head‐started green turtles (Chelonia mydas)          下载免费PDF全文

H. Kanghae  K. Thongprajukaew  P. Yeetam  T. Jarit‐ngam  W. Hwan‐air  S. Rueangjeen  K. Kittiwattanawong 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(4):667-675

Optimal feeding frequency was investigated to improve head‐started propagation programme of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas). The 15‐day‐old turtles (25–26 g body weight) were fed for ad libitum intake at one (1MD), two (2MD), three (3MD) or four (4MD) meals daily over a 3‐month trial. Responses in growth, feed utilization, faecal characteristics, haematological parameters and carapace elemental composition were used to compare treatment effects. At the end of the feeding trial, no treatment had induced mortality. Growth performance in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate was similar in turtles fed 2MD, 3MD or 4MD (p > 0.05), but 1MD differed from these (p < 0.05), and feeding at excess frequency (3MD and 4MD) increased the within‐group size variation. Turtles fed 2MD had significantly lower feed intake than in 3MD and 4MD groups, but the feed conversion ratios were similar. Faecal digestive enzyme analysis indicated higher catabolism of lipid and protein in the deprivation group (1MD), when compared with turtles fed at least twice daily. The feeding frequency did not affect the specific activities of carbohydrate‐digesting enzymes. The results on enzymes activities were corroborated by the transition enthalpy characteristics of faeces, indicating nutrients remaining after digestion. The 2MD treatment also improved the haematological characteristics and the carapace quality, relative to low or excess feeding. Overall, the findings indicate that feeding juvenile green turtles twice a day is the preferred option in their head‐started propagation. This promotes growth, reduces feed consumption, and improves health and carapace quality.  相似文献   

Prediction of rabbit caecal fermentation characteristics from faeces by in vitro gas production technique: roughages     

Bovera F  Calabrò S  Cutrignelli MI  Infascelli F  Piccolo G  Nizza S  Tudisco R  Nizza A 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):260-271

To find equations able to estimate the fermentation characteristics of the caecum from that of faeces, caecal content and faeces of 10 hybrid Hyla rabbits were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. About 1 g of 12 roughages, 11 hays (ryegrass, alfalfa, sulla, oat, vetch, sulla-lolium, vetch-oat, sulla-oat, clover, ryegrass-clover, sulla-vetch-oat) and a wheat straw, was weighed, in triplicate per inoculum, in 120-ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of reducing solution were added and the flasks were placed at 39 degrees C. Caecal content and faeces were diluted respectively 1:2 (CI) and 1:8 (FI) with anaerobic medium and were introduced into their respective flasks (10 ml). Gas production was recorded 20 times at 2-24 h intervals throughout fermentation (120 h). The fermentation characteristics (i.e. degraded organic matter, OMd; potential gas production, A; maximum fermentation rate, R(max); volatile fatty acid, VFA; ammonia, NH(3)) were studied by inocula and substrates. The two inocula did not differ in OMd but CI produced significantly higher gas (A, 213.1 vs. 199.4 ml/g, respectively, for CI and FI, p < 0.01) in less time (R(max), 3.08 vs. 2.24 ml/h, respectively, for CI and FI, p < 0.01). CI also produced higher levels of total VFA (57.86 vs. 46.70 mmol/g OM, respectively, for CI and FI, p < 0.01) and showed a higher branched chain proportion (0.023 vs. 0.018, respectively, for CI and FI, p < 0.01). For some parameters (as OMd pH and propionate) the equations for the estimation of caecal fermentation characteristics from that of faeces were accurate (R(2) > 0.8828) and reliable (CV < 10.78%) suggesting that faeces can be successfully used for the estimation of these parameters.  相似文献   

Digestive physiology of captive giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): determinants of faecal dry matter content          下载免费PDF全文

J. M. Gull  M. Stahl  C. Osmann  S. Ortmann  M. Kreuzer  J.‐M. Hatt  M. Clauss 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(3):565-576

Giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) are specialized insectivores and consume mainly ants and termites in the wild. In captivity, giant anteaters are either fed a complete diet, or a combination of a domestic carnivore diet with leaf eater pellets, or a traditional gruel‐type diet. Soft faeces are a frequently encountered problem with this type of feeding. In the present study, we analysed diet and faeces composition, calculated digestibility and measured mean retention time on various diets in eight giant anteaters (total of n = 64 experiments). The results suggest that the digestive physiology of giant anteaters is similar to that of domestic dogs and cats in terms of nutrient digestibility and digesta retention. When testing correlations between faecal dry matter content and other variables, no relationship with dietary crude fibre content or mean digesta retention time could be detected. However, acid insoluble ash intake was significantly and positively correlated with faecal dry matter content. The amount of acid insoluble ash excreted with the faeces was higher than that ingested with the diet offered, indicating that the giant anteaters ingested soil from their enclosure of up to 93 g per day. This finding is consistent with observation of faeces of wild giant anteaters that contain soil or sand most likely due to indiscriminate feeding. It also corresponds to reports that indigestible materials such as peat, soil, chitin or cellulose contribute to a firmer faecal consistency in various carnivore species. Therefore, offering giant anteaters the opportunity to voluntarily ingest soil from their enclosure might be beneficial.  相似文献   

超声波辅助提取蚕沙叶绿素的工艺研究     

邓祥元  沙鹏高坤 高坤 《中国农学通报》2011,27(33):248-253

为了更好地开发利用蚕沙资源,为工业化生产蚕沙叶绿素提供实验数据与理论支持。本研究以蚕沙为原料,丙酮比乙醇为2:1的混合溶液为提取剂,采用超声波辅助有机溶剂法提取蚕沙叶绿素,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计考察料液比、软化时间、超声温度、超声时间等主要工艺参数对提取效率的影响,并优化了提取工艺。结果表明应用超声波辅助有机溶剂法提取蚕沙叶绿素的工艺路线是正确可行的,其最优工艺条件为：料液比为1:200(g/mL),软化时间为10 min,超声温度为50℃,超声时间为60 min。在此最优工艺条件下,蚕沙叶绿素a的浓度可达到13.825 mg/L。该提取工艺具有操作简单安全,生产成本低廉,产品质量高等优点,可供工业生产蚕沙叶绿素参考。  相似文献   

氟摄入对胃肠道及其粪钙排出的影响     

申瑞玲  洪建华 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,20(1):37-39

本研究给 72只小鼠不同浓度的饮水加氟 ,剂量 2 5 /L～ 1 0 0 /L ,以了解氟对消化道的影响以及氟对粪钙排出的影响。在给氟 5 0d时 ,粪钙在不同加氟组间未见明显差别。给氟 90d时 ,胃肠粘膜观察到不同程度的灶性坏死脱落 ,十二指肠粘膜部分绒毛溶解 ,上皮变性坏死。表明一定剂量氟可对上消化道粘膜产生强烈刺激与损伤 ,从而引起厌食等消化道症状  相似文献   

畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用技术发展分析   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

李文哲  徐名汉  李晶宇 《农业机械学报》2013,44(5):135-142

近年我国畜禽养殖业发展迅速,而养殖废弃物资源化利用技术显得相对滞后,未经处理的畜禽粪便随意堆放,造成空气、水体以及土壤的污染,危害身体健康.养殖废弃物污染防治迫在眉睫,其资源化利用是从源头上防治污染的有效手段.为此,本文对养殖业废弃物的污染状况、资源性质、技术状况等进行总结,对各种养殖废弃物资源化技术,如能源化、肥料化、饲料化等技术进行分析,从而明确我国养殖废弃物资源化利用技术的发展方向.  相似文献