QTL mapping of volatile compounds in ripe apples detected by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry     

Elena?Zini  Franco?Biasioli  Flavia?Gasperi  Daniela?Mott  Eugenio?Aprea  Tilmann?D.?M?rk  Andrea?Patocchi  Cesare?Gessler  Matteo?KomjancEmail author 《Euphytica》2005,145(3):269-279

The availability of genetic linkage maps enables the detection and analysis of QTLs contributing to quality traits of the genotype. Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), a relatively novel spectrometric technique, has been applied to measure the headspace composition of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by apple fruit genotypes of the progeny ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Fruit samples were characterised by their PTR-MS spectra normalised to total area. QTL analysis for all PTR-MS peaks was carried out and 10 genomic regions associated with the peaks at m/z = 28, 43, 57, 61, 103, 115 and 145 were identified (LOD > 2.5). We show that it is possible to find quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to PTR-MS characterisation of the headspace composition of single whole apple fruits indicating the presence of a link between molecular characterisation and PTR-MS data. We provide tentative information on the metabolites related to the detected QTLs based on available chemical information. A relation between apple skin colour and peaks related to carbonyl compounds was established. The two authors contributed equally to this work.  相似文献   

Allelic variation of the HMW glutenin subunits in Aegilops tauschii accessions detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE), acid polyacrylamide gel (A-PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis     

Yueming Yan  S.L.K. Hsam  Jianzhong Yu  Yi Jiang  F.J. Zeller 《Euphytica》2003,130(3):377-385

Variability of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) was studied in198 accessions of Ae. Tauschii (2n=2x=14, DD) by sodium dodecyl sulphate(SDS-PAGE) and acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). A high allelic variation of HMW-GS, including some novel x- and y-type subunits and variable subunit combinations were observed. One accession(TD159) showed a x-type null form. The results by A-PAGE analysis revealed that the subunits Dx5 ^t and Dy10 ^t encoded by Glu-D ^t 1 locus in Ae. tauschii were different in relative mobilities in comparison with the subunits Dx5 and Dy10 found in bread wheats, whereas they had the same mobilities, respectively, when separated by SDS-PAGE. The higher resolution of Ae. tauschii HMW-GS separated by CE method showed two clear peaks in accordance with x- and y-type subunits, respectively,except the accession TD151 which possessed only subunit Dy12.1^*t. The electro elution time of the x-type and y-type subunits were about 13–14 and 7–8minutes, respectively. Characterization of wheat HMW-GS was facilitated by using CE which provides high resolution and increases the speed of analysis in conjunction with the traditional gel electrophoretic methods. A total of 42HMW-GS alleles were identified, among which were several alleles not presently detected in bread wheats. Hence Ae. tauschii is potentially a valuable genetic resource for quality improvement of bread wheat. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The effect of introgressions of wheat D-genome chromosomes into 'Presto' triticale   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hikmet Budak  P. Stephen Baenziger  Brian S. Beecher  Robert A. Graybosch  Benjamin T. Campbell  Marry J. Shipman  Mustafa Erayman  Kent M. Eskridge 《Euphytica》2004,137(2):261-270

Hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) (2n= 6x= 42, AABBRR) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2n= 6x= 42, AABBDD) differ in their R and D-genomes. This produces differences in both agronomic and end-use quality characteristics. Our objective was to determine how introgressions of individual chromosomes from the D-genome of wheat affect these characteristics of a winter triticale 'Presto'. We studied the effects of 18 D-genome chromosome substitution lines, 15 sib-lines as controls, and five check cultivars at Lincoln, NE in 1996, using a randomized complete block design with two replications. The experiment was repeated at Lincoln and Mead, NE in 1997 and 1998 with 15 substitution lines that survived the first winter in Lincoln, along with their 12 control sibs and five check cultivars. Few D-genome chromosomes had positive effects. Chromosomes 2D, 4D, and 6D significantly reduced plant height when substituted for 2R, 4B, and 6R, respectively. No grain yield increases were associated with any of the D-genome chromosomes tested, but three substitutions decreased the grain yield. Depending on the allele of the hardness gene present, chromosome 5D increased or decreased kernel hardness when substituted for 5R or 5A, respectively. Introgressions of chromosomes 1D and 6D improved end-use quality characteristics of Presto. These results suggest that apart from beneficial effects of individual loci located on the D-genome chromosomes, no major benefit can be expected from D-genome chromosome substitutions.  相似文献   

香菜挥发油GC/MS测定   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

孙小媛  马玉芳等 《保鲜与加工》2002,2(3):15-16

对香菜茎叶及根经水蒸汽蒸馏--萃取得到的挥发油进行气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析.其中香菜茎叶中主要成分有:壬烷、癸烷、癸醛、十一醛、环癸烷、十二醛、2-十一烯醛、2-癸烯-1-醇、十三醛、十四醛等,香菜根挥发油中主要成分有:壬烷、辛醛、癸醛、环癸烷、十-醛、十二醛、十四醛等.  相似文献   

Effect of subcritical hydrophobicity in a sandy soil on water infiltration and mobile water content     

Axel Lamparter  Markus Deurer  Jrg Bachmann  Wilhelmus H. M. Duijnisveld 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(1):38-46

Recent research shows that most soils are more or less water repellent. Already subcritical water repellency may cause incomplete soil wetting and preferential flow. Both processes potentially reduce the residence time of water and solutes in the vadose zone, resulting in an enhanced risk of groundwater contamination. The objective of the present paper is, therefore, to evaluate the impact of reduced soil wettability on the soil water infiltration rate and to investigate the tendency towards preferential flow with the analysis of the immobile water content in the infiltration zone. In november 2002, a field experiment was done in a coniferous forest, 30 km N of Hannover, Germany. Soil hydrophobicity was quantified by measuring the contact angles. The hydraulic conductivity of the podsolic sandy soil was measured depth‐dependent with a double‐ring tension infiltrometer in three soil horizons. To quantify possible preferential‐flow effects, a LiBr‐Tracer was added to the infiltrating water to evaluate the mobile water‐content fraction after infiltration. Additionally, infiltration rates of water were compared with infiltration rates of ethanol which were determined after water infiltration at the same locations. Results show that the actual water repellency of field‐moist soil was mainly subcritical (contact angle <90°). Water infiltration rates were reduced due to subcritical repellency by a factor of 3–170 compared with ethanol infiltration rates (exclusion of wetting effects). This spatially variable infiltration behavior was not clearly reflected neither by the small‐scale contact‐angle measurements nor by the analysis of the average immobile soil water content in the infiltration zone. We conclude that this specific infiltration behavior of water caused by small‐scale wettability effects may temporarily reduce the local connectivity of water‐flow pathways.  相似文献   

苹果切片干燥收缩变形的孔道网络模拟及试验     

徐英英  文怀兴  谭礼斌  袁越锦  王栋  袁月定 《农业工程学报》2021,37(12):289-298

为揭示果蔬干燥收缩变形的传热传质与应力应变的机理，确定果蔬微孔结构特性及内部毛细力等因素对其干燥过程的影响，该研究运用孔道网络方法、热质传递原理和细观力学理论等交叉学科知识，构建了孔隙尺度下果蔬切片干燥收缩变形的孔道网络模型，采用VC++开发孔道网络求解程序，模拟分析了果蔬切片的湿分场、温度场以及应力应变场等情况，并以苹果切片作为果蔬典型代表进行了热风干燥试验及模型验证。结果表明：湿含量、温度和收缩变形率的模拟值与试验值的相对误差小于10%，模型可有效模拟果蔬干燥热质传递与应力应变的收缩变形真实过程，再现了干燥过程中的"非规则收缩变形"现象；孔道网络模拟的湿分场、温度场及应力应变场均呈现为不规则非对称变化规律，产生了明显的干斑、湿斑、非规则干燥前沿等；毛细应力和湿应力对果蔬干燥收缩变形影响较大，其中毛细应力是引起非规则收缩变形的主导因素；孔隙结构参数对果蔬干燥过程影响显著；孔隙率越大，干燥时间越长，毛细应力越小；配位数越大，毛细应力越大，干燥时间越长；孔隙直径分布呈现均一直径分布规律的物料产生的毛细应力大，其次为孔隙直径分布呈现正态分布规律的物料和试验物料分布。研究结果为果蔬干燥品质及工艺优化分析提供了一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

A GC/MS method for the assessment of N and C incorporation into soil amino acid enantiomers     

Xudong Zhang  Hongbo He 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(11):2785-2796

Identifying the transformation process of amino acid enantiomers was essential to probe into the fate, turnover and aging of soil nitrogen due to their important roles in the biogeochemical cycling. If this can be achieved by differentiating between the newly biosynthesized and the inherent compounds in soil, then the isotope tracer method can be considered most valid. We thereby developed a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method to trace the ¹⁵N or ¹³C isotope incorporation into soil amino acid enantiomers after being incubated with ¹⁵NH₄⁺ or U-¹³C-glucose substrates. The most significant fragments (F) as well as the related minor ions were monitored by the full scan mode and the isotope enrichment in amino acids was estimated by calculating the atom percentage excess (APE). ¹⁵NH₄⁺ incorporation was evaluated according to the relative abundance increase of m/z F+1 to F for neutral and acidic amino acids and F+2 to F (mass 439) for lysine. The assessment of ¹³C enrichment in soil amino acids was more complicated than that of ¹⁵N due to multi-carbon atoms in amino acid molecules. The abundance ratio increment of m/z F+n to F (n is the original skeleton carbon number in each fragment) indicated the direct conversion from the added glucose to amino acids, but the total isotope incorporation from the added ¹³C can only be calculated according to all target isotope fragments, i.e. the abundance ratio increment summation from m/z (Fa+1) through m/z (Fa+T) represented the total incorporation of the added ¹³C (Fa is the fragment containing all original skeleton carbons and T is the carbon number in the amino acid molecule). This method has a great advantage especially for the evaluation of high-abundance isotope enrichment in organic compounds compared with GC/C/IRMS. And in principle, this technique is also valid for amino acids besides enantiomers if stereoisomers are not concerned. Our assessment approach could shine a light on investigating the biochemical mechanism of microbial transformation of N and C in soils of terrestrial ecosystem.  相似文献   

Heat Transfer Performance of Capillary Mats Using Wet Construction in Winter     

YANG Jie  ZHOU Hui xin  ZHANG Xu  LIU Yan  WANG Jun 《保鲜与加工》2011,(2):80-85

For the capillary mats using wet construction, a winter experiment designed to investigate the heat transfer performance was described, and the heat transfer performance analysis which contains the comparisons between different pipe space and different thickness of cement mortar surface was carried out. As a result, compared with that of the traditional radiant heating pipes, the capillary mats of wet construction require supply water with lower temperature, and it shows good heat transfer performance and system energy efficiency as well. According to the demand of indoor heat dissipation and human comfort as well as the coupling relationship between the temperature of supply water and surface construction thickness, it is suggested that the proper construction method should be comprehensively considered in practical applications.  相似文献   

Interference elimination of PCB and its ramification in determining trace PBBs/PBDEs by GC/MS     

HUA Li  ZHANG Hong-quan  ZHANG Lei  LIU Tao  HUANG Yuan-qiao 《保鲜与加工》2011,(7):137-146

The normal method to determine the trace brominated flame retardants such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) contained in the electronic and electrical products is gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). However, the method is based on the determinations of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalene (PCNs) etc. The interferences of those compounds are inevitable. Therefore, in order to overcome this problem, two methods e.g. 1) The combination use of gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-MS) and gas chromatography-electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) is employed, 2) a matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method with YMC ODS-C18 as carrier is developed. The result show that, by the former method, the brominated isomers or ramifications are distinguished remarkably from other halogen compounds because that anion fragment retention peaks of ［Br］-, ［HBr2］- and molecule chain fragment retention peaks of ［M+2］+,［M+4］+,［M+6］+,［M+8］+ are observed simultaneously, and thus the selectivity to determine bromine-containing retardant flames is greatly improved. Using the latter method, the gas chromatographic peaks of multiple polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenylethers can be efficiently separated. Thus provides a project to solve interferences of POPs in brominated flame retardants’ determinations. The standard addition experimental results of 10 kinds of BDEs/PCBs belonging to 8 sorts of electronic and electrical equipment show this method has a high precision and reliability due to 60%～98% recovery and <9.5% relative error, which meet the needs regulated by the IEC Commission. It provides a technical support for electronic and eletrical industries in China to further comply with RoHS directive.  相似文献   

8804果实和干红葡萄酒香气成分的GC/MS分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李二虎  惠竹梅  张振文 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,35(6):83-88

为进一步明确8804新品系果实和干红葡萄酒的香气特点,采用液-液萃取法提取8804葡萄果实和干红葡萄酒中的香气成分,应用色谱面积归一法测定各成分的相对含量。结果表明,8804葡萄果实中共鉴定出29种挥发性化合物,相对含量排在前5位的分别为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(17.77%)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(8.25%)、2-呋喃甲醛(7.10%)、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯-2,6-二醇(5.53%)、油酸(4.50%);干红葡萄酒中共鉴定出31种挥发性化合物,相对含量排在前5位的分别为苯乙醇(26.78%)、2-甲基-四氢噻吩(12.04%)、辛酸乙酯(7.02%)、1,3-丁二醇(5.20%)、己酸乙酯(4.55%)。  相似文献