福建寿宁县兽害猖獗的成因及对策初探     

周道生 《福建林业科技》2007,34(3):210-213

1998～2006年,以寿宁县为调查对象,运用机械抽样法调查样带69条,运用访问调查法调查猎户农户100余户,运用点面互换法调查全县范围内农田作物受害程度。结果表明,全县近半数的村,15%的耕地存在兽害,99%的兽害及其损失源于野猪的活动。分析表明,兽害的成因有种群爆发、物种灭绝和生态系统衰败诸多因素,而人为干扰是各种现象的起因。最后提出治理山区兽害的对策,尤其应加强生态系统恢复和自然保护区建设。  相似文献   

粪肠球菌替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、血液生化指标和免疫器官的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

史自涛  姚焰础  江山  肖融  刘作华  杨飞云  董国忠  郭致君 《动物营养学报》2015,(6)

本试验在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加不同水平的粪肠球菌,研究其替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻指数和腹泻率、血液生化指标以及免疫器官的影响。选取120头(28±2)日龄平均体重为(7.60±0.81)kg的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分为5组,每组6个重复(公母各占1/2),每个重复4头,每个重复为1圈。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加100mg/kg硫酸黏菌素和400 mg/kg杆菌肽锌,3个粪肠球菌组分别在基础饲粮中添加40、200和1 000 mg/kg粪肠球菌,试验期31 d。试验结果显示:1)在1~14 d,饲粮中添加抗生素和粪肠球菌对断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)以及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05)。在15~31 d,与对照组和抗生素组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组可极显著提高ADFI和ADG(P0.01)。在1~31 d,与对照组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组的ADFI均极显著提高(P0.01),而ADG分别显著和极显著增加(P0.05和P0.01);与抗生素组相比,1 000 mg/kg组可极显著提高ADFI(P0.01),而200和1 000 mg/kg组的ADG分别显著和极显著增加(P0.05和P0.01)。2)在1~14 d,与对照组相比,40 mg/kg组的腹泻指数和腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。在15~31 d和1~31 d,与对照组和抗生素组相比,40和1 000 mg/kg组均可在一定程度上降低腹泻率(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,粪肠球菌可以显著提高血液中总蛋白含量(P0.05),其中200和1 000 mg/kg组达到极显著水平(P0.01),且这2组分别可以显著和极显著提高球蛋白含量(P0.05和P0.01)。与抗生素组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组可以显著提高总蛋白含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和1 000 mg/kg组的白球比显著降低(P0.05),另外,抗生素组血液中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P0.05),200 mg/kg组的谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,1 000 mg/kg组的肝脏重量和脾脏指数有一定程度的提高(P0.05),与抗生素组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组可显著提高肝脏重量(P0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加粪肠球菌可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能(饲喂15~31 d),降低腹泻率,提高仔猪免疫力,其中添加量为1 000 mg/kg时效果最好。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal evaluation of veterinarians and veterinary employers relative to human and domesticated animal populations in Australia 2002–2012          下载免费PDF全文

GB Smyth  IJ East  RM Wicks 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(5):137-144

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Comparative analysis of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway activation and inhibition in human and canine melanoma          下载免费PDF全文

J. S. Fowles  C. L. Denton  D. L. Gustafson 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(3):288-304

The lack of advanced animal models of human cancers is considered a barrier to developing effective therapeutics. Canine and human melanomas are histologically disparate but show similar disease progression and response to therapies. The purpose of these studies was to compare human and canine melanoma tumours and cell lines regarding MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling dysregulation, and response to select molecularly targeted agents. Pathway activation was investigated via microarray and mutational analysis. Growth inhibition and cell cycle effects were assessed for pathway inhibitors AZD6244 (MAPK) and rapamycin (PI3K/AKT) in human and canine melanoma cells. Human and canine melanoma share similar differential gene expression patterns within the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Constitutive pathway activation and similar sensitivity to AZD6244 and rapamycin was observed in human and canine cells. These results show that human and canine melanoma share activation and sensitivity to inhibition of cancer‐related signalling pathways despite differences in activating mutations.  相似文献   

Isolation,Identification and Multidrug-resistant Analysis of the New Sequence Type ST989 Strain of Enterococcus faecium     

ZHANG Fen-fen  LI Xue-rui  YANG Jian-she 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(5):1274-1282

Gram-positive cocci were isolated from half a month diseased lambs with a fatal infection in a sheep farm in Minhe county, Qinghai province.The clinical symptoms observed were drooping, reduced feed intake, emaciated and fever.The infected lambs died several hours after the disease been observed.Necropsy of two dying lambs revealed that for one lamb, the liver was enlarged and capsule of the liver dropped, and other organs had no obvious changes;For the other one, the organs had no obvious changes.After gram staining, gram-positive cocci were observed from all the samples.Partial Tuf gene sequences of these isolates were amplified and sequenced for species identification, BLASTn conparison result revealed that they had the highest sequence similarity with that of Enterococcus faecium (E.faecium) AUS0085 (99.8%), we thus primarily confirmed that these strains belonged to E.faecium.Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that these strains could be divided into two classes.Class 1 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins, lincomycin and clindamycin;Susceptible to chloromycetin and vancomycin.Class 2 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins;Intermediate resistance to erythromycin and roxithromycin;But susceptible to clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, chloromycetin and vancomycin.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on seven housekeeping genes for E.faecium revealed that E.faecium lby1 strain in class 1 and E.faecium lbg3 strain in class 2 were defined as a new sequence type ST989.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed the representative strain of these isolates, E.faecium lbg3, was clustered together with E.faecium ST468.The pathogenicity test revealed that E.faecium lby1 and lbg3 strains both had pathogenicity.  相似文献   

Recurrent Temporary Paralysis Reported After Human Rabies Post‐Exposure Prophylaxis          下载免费PDF全文

V. M. Dato  E. R. Campagnolo  D. U. Shah  M. J. Bellush  C. E. Rupprecht 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(3):222-227

Adverse events can occur after rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and linkage to causality is often difficult to determine. We report a case of recurrent temporary paralysis that began immediately after the initiation of rabies PEP in a man exposed to a bat. The recurrent temporary paralysis first occurred in the patient after his initial dose and then again after day 3 of his rabies PEP. The PEP was terminated prior to a serologic response. The patient continued to experience numerous discrete episodes of temporary paralysis for over two years.  相似文献   

传统村落整体人文生态系统浅析     

黄幸  陈月华  覃事妮 《绿色科技》2015,(4):92-95

指出了整体人文生态系统是人与自然环境协同演化发展形成的有机整体 ,传统村落的整体人文生态系统更是人与自然和谐发展的典型范例.从认知、理解、运用三个层面浅析了传统村落整体人文生态系统 ,并以永定县客家土楼传统村落、元阳县哈尼族传统村落为例评价了传统村落的整体人文生态系统 ,以定位该村落的现状 ,分析了其特征来剖析该村落的遗产价值 ,最后提出了对其保护与开发的简要规划.  相似文献   

基于DELMIA拖拉机驾驶室人机系统静态舒适性分析     

王启超  秦增志  张文杰  徐正  徐红梅 《安徽农业大学学报》2022,49(3):506

拖拉机驾驶室作为操纵拖拉机的作业场所,其设计合理性对驾驶员的安全性、舒适性及作业效率具有重要影响。基于此,依托DELMIA人因工程学仿真分析软件建立第5、50和95百分位驾驶员人机系统模型,对驾驶员的视野、上肢伸展域、坐姿舒适度及换挡舒适性等静态舒适性进行分析与评价。结果表明,各体型驾驶员工作视野开阔,上肢可达性良好,第50百分位驾驶员驾驶坐姿舒适性略优于第5和95百分位驾驶员,第5和50百分位驾驶员换挡姿势舒适性优于第95百分位驾驶员,驾驶室整体布局合理,人机匹配性良好。  相似文献   

石门国家森林公园不同林分秋季保健功能差异比较和综合评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱舒欣  胡菲菲  何双玉  崔杰  邱权  陈倩倩  何茜  苏艳  莫志安  李吉跃 《西北林学院学报》2021,36(2):240-249

开展不同林分保健功能的差异研究和综合评价,能为今后森林康养林的构建与管理提供科学依据。在2019年秋季（9-11月）森林康养旅游高峰期,选取广东省广州市石门国家森林公园中毛竹林、亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、枫香林、杉木林和枫香杉木混交林5种林分,并设置无林地对照组,分析人体舒适度、空气富氧度、负离子保健浓度和植物精气4个指标,采用隶属函数值对不同林分的保健功能进行综合评价。结果表明:1）5种林分的人体舒适度均处于Ⅰ级非常舒适水平,其中杉木林最佳（2.70）,无林地对照组处于Ⅱ级舒适水平。2）5种林分和无林地对照组的空气富氧度均处于Ⅱ级较高水平,其中枫香杉木混交林的O₂浓度最高（21.17%）,且5种林分的O₂浓度均高于空气中氧气的含量（20.95%）。3）5种林分的负离子保健浓度均处于Ⅲ级较适宜水平以上,其中亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的负离子浓度（7 234个·cm^-3）约为其他林分的3~5倍,处于Ⅰ级很适宜水平,无林地对照组处于Ⅳ级不适宜水平。4）5种林分的植物精气相对含量均较低（<10%）,其中亚热带季风常绿阔叶林植物精气的种类和相对含量均显著高于其他4种林分。5）根据隶属函数值大小,不同林分的综合保健功能强弱依次为亚热带季风常绿阔叶林（0.75）＞枫香杉木混交林（0.61）＞杉木林（0.57）＞枫香林（0.46）＞毛竹林（0.44）＞无林地对照组（0.00）。在秋季,5种不同林分的综合保健功能均优于无林地对照组,尤其是亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,非常适合游客进行森林康养游憩。  相似文献   

联合收获机知识组织与知识库系统研究     

刘宏新  李金龙  郭丽峰  张光甫 《农业机械学报》2021,52(2):381-393

针对联合收获机知识缺乏系统化组织与分类、难以在设计时高效获取并应用的问题,应用装备谱系及谱系拓扑图形式对联合收获机知识进行层次化组织;按照联合收获机智能化设计实际应用需求,对知识库系统功能模块进行架构分析;分析了农机装备设计知识的表现形式,综合利用产生式规则和框架表示的混合表示方法对设计过程进行分析和表达,建立了设计体系。以Visual Studio 2015平台为开发工具,在.Net环境下,应用ADO.Net技术、CATIA二次开发技术及SQL Server数据库,将联合收获机设计知识、参数化模型等数字化资源融和,进行组织管理,构建了联合收获机知识库系统。通过人机交互的方式,将知识表达形成的设计体系系统化,应用模糊查询方法、推理机和ADO.Net技术实现系统中知识的查询、推理及编辑功能,并将知识推送的结果传递给关联的参数化模型驱动,在不同需求下快速构建模型,实现了知识的高效获取与应用,提高了设计效率,为联合收获机零部件设计提供了一种通用方法。系统测试表明,该系统具有可行性和有效性,适用于联合收获机系列产品的开发。  相似文献