猪源益生菌的分离筛选及部分生物学特性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

冼琼珍  马春全  梁丽敏  廖洁韵 《动物医学进展》2006,27(2):86-89

经形态、染色特性观察,从健康仔猪肠道分离出5株杆菌、1株链球菌及3株芽孢杆菌,初次筛选出产酸及抑菌效果好的杆菌、芽孢杆菌各2株,链球菌1株,经生化鉴定为乳酸杆菌2株,乳酸链球菌1株,地衣芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌各1株,对其进行了耐酸、耐胆汁及动物安全性试验。结果表明,筛选菌株有较强的产酸、耐酸及耐胆汁特性,对常见肠道致病菌抑制作用明显,动物使用安全,可作为猪用益生素制剂的候选菌种。  相似文献   

Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain JF3835 reduces mortality of juvenile perch, Perca fluviatilis L., caused by Aeromonas sobria     

S Gobeli  E Goldschmidt-Clermont  J Frey  S E Burr 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(7):597-602

Motile aeromonad septicaemia caused by Aeromonas sobria is a cause of disease in farmed perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in Switzerland. We have evaluated the potential of a Pseudomonas chlororaphis isolate, obtained from perch intestine, to control A. sobria infection. Inoculation of juvenile perch with P. chlororaphis strain JF3835 prior to infection with A. sobria caused a reduction in A. sobria associated mortalities. Infection of perch with xylE -labelled P. chlororaphis indicated the bacterium is able to transiently colonize juvenile fish and fingerlings.  相似文献   

Fishery Wastes as a Yet Undiscovered Treasure from the Sea: Biomolecules Sources,Extraction Methods and Valorization     

Gabriella Caruso  Rosanna Floris  Claudio Serangeli  Luisa Di Paola 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

The search for new biological sources of commercial value is a major goal for the sustainable management of natural resources. The huge amount of fishery by-catch or processing by-products continuously produced needs to be managed to avoid environmental problems and keep resource sustainability. Fishery by-products can represent an interesting source of high added value bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, collagen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chitin, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, toxins; nevertheless, their biotechnological potential is still largely underutilized. Depending on their structural and functional characteristics, marine-derived biomolecules can find several applications in food industry, agriculture, biotechnological (chemical, industrial or environmental) fields. Fish internal organs are a rich and underexplored source of bioactive compounds; the fish gut microbiota biosynthesizes essential or short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or enzymes and is also a source of probiotic candidates, in turn producing bioactive compounds with antibiotic and biosurfactant/bioemulsifier activities. Chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial processing of fishery by-catch or processing by-products allows the production of different valuable bioactive compounds; to date, however, the lack of cost-effective extraction strategies so far has prevented their exploitation on a large scale. Standardization and optimization of extraction procedures are urgently required, as processing conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative properties of these biomolecules. Valorization routes for such raw materials can provide a great additional value for companies involved in the field of bioprospecting. The present review aims at collecting current knowledge on fishery by-catch or by-products, exploring the valorization of their active biomolecules, in application of the circular economy paradigm applied to the fishery field. It will address specific issues from a biorefinery perspective: (i) fish tissues and organs as potential sources of metabolites, antibiotics and probiotics; (ii) screening for bioactive compounds; (iii) extraction processes and innovative technologies for purification and chemical characterization; (iv) energy production technologies for the exhausted biomass. We provide a general perspective on the techno-economic feasibility and the environmental footprint of the production process, as well as on the definition of legal constraints for the new products production and commercial use.  相似文献   

微生态制剂及其使用策略对刺参生长与养殖水质的影响     

韩莎  曲洪霞  李成林  胡炜  赵斌  刘兆存 《中国农学通报》2020,36(2):144-148

为研究微生态制剂及其使用策略对刺参生长和水质的影响,实验组添加以芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌等为主的微生态制剂和饲料分别混合放置0、6、9、12、15 h后投喂体质量为(7.81±0.25) g的刺参,实验共持续进行30天,期间10天换1次水。结果显示,添加微生态制剂组刺参特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中,与饲料混合放置12 h后投喂实验组刺参SGR最高,为0.618%/d,是对照组的1.52倍,但与混合放置9 h实验组无显著差异(P>0.05);对照组氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD随时间的延长逐渐升高,而实验组各项水质指标随着与饲料混合放置时间的增加而增加,与饲料混合放置0 h组各项水质指标最低,但各实验组间无显著差异(P>0.05),至实验结束时显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,将微生态制剂与饲料混合放置9~12 h后投喂刺参,对刺参的生长和养殖水质均可达到理想效果。  相似文献   

添加外源益生菌对大菱鲆育苗生物饵料菌群结构的影响     

于永翔  姜燕  张正  王印庚  景亚运  廖梅杰  薛良义 《水产学报》2017,41(4):602-612

为评价在大菱鲆育苗生产中添加外源益生菌对生物饵料轮虫和卤虫微生物菌群结构的影响,运用基于illumina HiSeq平台的高通量测序技术对添加益生菌和按照生产流程正常强化的轮虫、卤虫进行了菌群结构的分析和对比。添加外源益生菌的实验组轮虫和卤虫中的菌群物种多样性均明显高于对照组。在轮虫强化过程中,不同时期的对照组样品中菌群结构差异较明显,优势细菌种类变化较大。而添加外源益生菌后的各时期实验组轮虫菌群结构很相似,优势菌群的种类更为丰富,Lactococcus sp.、Pseudoalteromonas sp.和Alteromonas sp.等一直是各实验组中的优势细菌。在卤虫强化过程中,各对照组样品的菌群结构高度相似,优势细菌Cobetia sp.的相对丰度高达54%~65.2%。而在添加益生菌后,各实验组中的菌群结构仍高度相似,但Cobetia sp.的比例下降至4.3%~25.3%,最优势的细菌为Pseudoalteromonas sp.和Alteromonas sp.等几种,菌群结构中的物种均匀度更好。研究表明,在轮虫和卤虫强化过程中添加外源益生菌,能够改变生物饵料的菌群结构,使生物饵料中的细菌种类均匀度更好,并使菌群结构趋于稳定。  相似文献   

微生态制剂对鲤、鲫和草鱼养殖池塘效益的影响     

李绍戊  王荻  尹家胜  卢彤岩 《水产学杂志》2011,24(4):1-5

以枯草芽孢杆菌为主的主要用于促进鱼类消化生长的微生态制剂I、多种混合微生物主要用于调节水质的微生态制剂II,或是两者混合使用的方法,比较研究了黑龙江省及辽宁省池塘养殖的鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫（Carassius auratus）和草鱼（Ctenophyargodon idellus）的增重率、饲料系数...  相似文献   

Real‐time quantification of the immune gene expression in rainbow trout fed different forms of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus     

Akshaya Panigrahi  Kiron Viswanath  Suichi Satoh 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):906-917

Whether it is better to use viable or non‐viable probionts in aquaculture is still a matter of debate. In this study, the molecular immunomodulation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by viable or killed forms of the probiont Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136 was investigated. Three forms of this probiont: (1) heat‐killed (HK), (2) live spray (LI) and (3) freeze‐dried (FD) were incorporated into a basal (control) diet for rainbow trout O. mykiss. The LI and FD diets are referred to as viable diets. A rearing trial, in triplicate, was conducted for 30 days, with the control and probiotic diets as treatments. The cytokine genes such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF), transforming growth factor (TGF‐β), interferon (IFN) and immune gene Immunoglobulin (Ig) found in tissues from the kidney and spleen were assessed for their expression pattern by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The tested immune genes were up‐regulated in the treatment groups, sometimes even in many folds like in the case of the Ig gene. The TNF gene was found to be highly (P<0.05) up‐regulated (5000‐fold) in groups fed both viable forms (LI, FD). With regard to the TGF‐β gene, the spleen of the HK and FD groups showed significant up‐regulation of 20‐ and 30‐folds respectively. The IFN gene was up‐regulated (P<0.05) in all treatments, but more in the viable diet treatments. Kidney and spleen tissues showed similar expression patterns, i.e. all of these genes were up‐regulated more with the viable diets that with the control, and in most cases, the viable diets induced a higher expression of the immune genes than the HK diet.  相似文献   

Microbiota of common snook Centropomus undecimalis larvae exhibiting high mortality          下载免费PDF全文

Andrea M Tarnecki  Nicole R Rhody 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5693-5698

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Effect of probiotics on digestive enzyme activities and growth of cichlids,Etroplus suratensis (Pearl spot) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia)          下载免费PDF全文

H. Sankar  B. Philip  R. Philip  I.S.B. Singh 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(4):852-864

In aquaculture, exposure to stressful conditions and problems related to diseases often occur resulting in serious economic loss. The use of probiotics that control pathogens through different mechanisms, aiding digestion by exoenzyme supply and establishment of beneficial microflora in the digestive tract has got increased attention recently. Two different bacterial species Micrococcus MCCB 104 and Bacillus MCCB 101 were tested as probiotics for two cichlid species Etroplus suratensis and Oreochromis mossambicus. The strains were administered separately and together, at a rate of 10³ CFU animal^?1 day^?1 for 28 days. The effects on digestive enzyme activity and growth were compared with those fed on control diet. FCR of E. suratensis was high in case of Bacillus alone as well as the mixed culture (Micrococcus and Bacillus together) than that of control. However, the SGR of E. suratensis was slightly lower than that of control during 14 days trial. SGR of both the treatments (Bacillus alone and mixed culture) was higher than that of the control on 28th day, and this might be due to the reason that specific duration is needed for the assimilation and conversion of nutrients into proteins. The intestinal digestive hydrolases of E. suratensis were profoundly enhanced mainly by Bacillus and mixed cultures. The hepatopancreatic versions of major digestive enzymes in E. suratensis were influenced variously by different probiotic treatments. The alpha‐amylase activity of hepatopancreas has been elevated significantly by mixed culture during 14 days experiments while on 28 days trials both Bacillus and mixed culture showed an enhancing effect. During 14 days feeding trials, the intestinal lipase activity has been prominently enhanced by all probiotic treatments. It is found that, in O. mossambicus, both 14 days and 28 days feeding experiments, the pepsin as well as intestinal digestive enzymes such as amylase, total alkaline protease, lipase and their hepatopancreatic counter parts showed a significant elevation in their specific activity. Intestinal alpha‐amylase and total alkaline proteases of O. mossambicus showed an increase in specific activities on both 14 days and 28 days feeding experiments with the Bacillus and Micrococcus combination. The hepatopancreatic enzymes were highly influenced by the Bacillus species in O. mossambicus. The results of this study suggest that live probiotic microorganisms such as Micrococcus MCCB 104 and Bacillus MCCB 101 may be incorporated while formulating the cost‐effective, nutritionally balanced diet of E. suratensis and O. mossambicus for better growth performance and nutrient utilization.  相似文献   

Effect of drying on the viability of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum Lab9 (CPQBA 144‐09 DRM 03) impregnated in the feed for tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)          下载免费PDF全文

Liliana Londoño  Cristina Ramírez Toro  Germán A Bolívar 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):646-654

Drying experiments were conducted at different temperatures and air flux velocities to determine the proper drying conditions for reducing moisture in commercial fish feed impregnated with probiotic lactic acid bacteria and to assess the effect on bacteria viability over time. At temperatures of 45°C, the drying time was shorter, without the air flux velocity under study having a relevant influence. The drying conditions influenced the viability of the bacteria in the feed; the least loss of viability was obtained with a velocity of 0.8 m s^?1 and a temperature of 45°C during 15 min. Using these drying conditions, 5 kg of feed was dried and stored for a month at temperature of 26°C and relative humidity of 75%. The viability of the bacteria and the moisture of the feed were measured every 3 days during the storage period. Loss of viability followed first order kinetics, with a constant k of 0.112 days^?1. Thus, the viability of the bacteria in the feed is less than 10⁶ CFU g^?1 after 43 days.  相似文献