狂犬病鼠源野毒M株核蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李公美  赵云蛟  钱爱东 《中国预防兽医学报》2006,28(4):471-473,477

从感染狂犬病的鼠脑中快速提取细胞总RNA，用RT—PCR方法得到编码核蛋白完整结构基因的cDNA，进一步将此基因克隆入pGEM—T中，进行核苷酸序列的测定，并推导出氨基酸序列，将这一序列与国内外已发表的9株狂犬病病毒的NP全基因进行比较分析。结果表明狂犬病鼠源野毒M株与上述9株的同源性在71．0％～99、8％之间，氨基酸同源性在77．6％～99．6％之间，M株与CVS株无论核苷酸序列还是氨基酸序列同源性都最高，分别为99．8％和99．6％，而与CTN珠的核苷酸序列同源性较低，与Mokola株的核苷酸序列以及氨基酸序列同源性都最低，分别为71．0％和77．6％。本研究为进行狂犬病病毒的分子流行病学调查和研制狂犬病基因工程苗提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白基因正向重组伪狂犬病病毒（疫苗株TK^-／gI^-）的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁子国  张秀香  李修明  王晓虎  高胜言  徐惠娟  张守峰  扈荣良 《中国兽医学报》2008,28(12)

构建以伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)为载体表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的重组活载体疫苗。采用AseⅠ/MluⅠ切下EG-FP-rgp的表达盒,将其克隆入p8-AA载体的酶切位点处,经酶切鉴定为正向连接,阳性重组子命名为p8-EGFP/rgp。将该质粒与PRV TK-/gI-基因组在质脂体介导下共转染PK-15细胞,获得PRV-EGFP/rgp重组病毒;通过噬斑克隆对其进行筛选、纯化,并通过RT-PCR、Southern-blot、Western-blot和间接免疫荧光对其进行鉴定,并对重组病毒的滴度、外源基因的遗传稳定性及其与亲本病毒株生长特性的关系进行了测定。结果表明:重组病毒的滴度(TCID50)为108.125/mL;外源基因在细胞内得到了有效的表达,并具有良好的免疫反应性和遗传稳定性;PRV-EGFP/rgp与亲本病毒PRV TK-/gI-生长趋势差异不显著。通过构建表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白正向重组PRV的活载体疫苗的研制,为狂犬病疫苗的研制提供了新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

Effect of vaccination and the immunomodulators “bacillus of Calmette–Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes” on rabies in mice     

J Megid  M.T.S Peraçolli  P.R Curi  C.R Zanetti  W.H Cabrera  R Vassao  F.H Ito 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1998,21(4):305-318

Responses of vaccination and treatment to immunomodulators against rabies in mice were evaluated through macrophage inhibition factor (MIF), intra-pad inoculation (IPI) and serum neutralization (SN) tests and by the detection of γ-interferon (IFN-γ). Onco-BCG, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were administered to groups of mice. Higher survival rates were found in animals treated with P. acnes. Lower levels of IFN-γ were observed in the groups of infected and vaccinated mice. The IPI was not effective on detecting the response of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Vaccine induced in the infected animals a more intense response to MIF reaction.

Résumé

Les réponses aux immunomodulateurs vis à vis de la vaccination et du traitement antirabique chez la souris ont été évaluées à travers le facteur inhibant les macrophages, inoculation du test du coussinet plantaire et des anticorps neutralisants ainsi que la détection d'interféron γ. Onco-BCG, Avridine et Propionibacterium acnes ont été administrés à des groupes de souris. Le taux de survie le plus élevé a été observé chez les animaux traités par P. acnes. Les taux les plus bas d'interféron ont été observés dans les groupes de souris infectées et vaccinées. Le test du coussinet plantaire n'a pas permis de détecter la réponse d'hypersensibilité retardée. Le vaccin induit chez les animaux infectés une réponse plus intense au facteur inhibant les macrophages.  相似文献   

Non‐human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil     

Ivanete Kotait  Rafael de Novaes Oliveira  Maria Luiza Carrieri  Juliana G. Castilho  Carla Isabel Macedo  Patrícia Mariano Cruz Pereira  Vanner Boere  Lúcia Montebello  Charles E. Rupprecht 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(1):47-59

Rabies virus (RABV) does not persist in the environment as it is a very fragile agent. The primary hosts are mammalian species in the orders Carnivora and Chiroptera. Since the late 1980s, RABV has been isolated from non‐human primates, Callithrix jacchus (the white‐tufted marmoset), in four coastal states (Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco) in north‐eastern Brazil, where this species is indigenous. The original habitat of C. jacchus consisted of two Brazilian biomes, the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga. However, these marmosets have since adapted to other ecosystems as a result of human activities. Between 1988 and 1989, RABV isolates were obtained from white‐tufted marmosets in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, but antigenic and genetic identification studies were not conducted at that time. In the following years, three additional states reported cases (Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco). In two of these states (Ceará and Piauí), human cases of rabies transmitted by marmosets were reported. According to Brazilian Health Ministry data, at least 19 human cases in which this species was the source of infection were registered in between 1990 and 2016. Recent findings in laboratory tests of 12 rabid samples from humans and marmosets and the regional transmission among these animals for over 20 years, together with the gradual increase in the affected geographic area, support the concept of the emergence of a new RABV reservoir. Regional tourism, the wild animal trade and the cultural practice of maintaining these animals as pets, particularly in coastal regions, appear to be major risk factors for the increase in human cases. Additional epidemiological and ecological studies are required to better understand local disease dynamics and to identify ideal opportunities for prevention and control of this fatal infection.  相似文献   

Assessment of naturally acquired neutralizing antibodies against rabies Lyssavirus in a subset of Nunavik’s Inuit population considered most at risk of being exposed to rabid animals     

Julie Ducrocq  Jean‐Franois Proulx  Benoît Lvesque  Gaston De Serres  Heidi Wood  Mlanie Lemire 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(5):533-539

Contact with infected saliva through the bite of a rabid animal is the main route of infection with the rabies Lyssavirus in humans. Although a few individuals have survived the infection, rabies remains the most lethal zoonotic infection worldwide. Over the last century, the dogma that rabies is invariably fatal has been challenged by the survival and recovery of infected animals. In humans, 11 studies have found rabies virus‐specific antibodies in unvaccinated individuals exposed to rabies virus reservoir species, suggesting the possibility of asymptomatic rabies virus infection, contact with non‐infectious virus or exposure to the virus without viral replication. Two of these studies were conducted in Arctic hunters. Considering the extensive exposure of Nunavik's Inuit to potentially infected animals through hunting, trapping, skinning and the preparation of Arctic carnivores, we analysed archived serum samples from the 2004 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey for the presence of rabies virus‐neutralizing antibodies (rVNA) in this sub‐population. A total of 196 participants who were considered at highest risk for exposure to rabies virus were targeted. Serum samples were tested for the presence of rVNA using a variation of the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test, an assay recommended for the quantification of neutralizing antibody titres following vaccination. Our study identified two seropositive individuals among the 196 participants but a review of their medical record and a phone interview revealed previous vaccination. Our results do not provide evidence for naturally acquired rVNA in Nunavik's Inuit population.  相似文献   

Rabies-vaccination coverage and profiles of the owned-dog population in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia     

Suzuki K  Pereira JA  Frías LA  López R  Mutinelli LE  Pons ER 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(4):177-183

The Bolivian government issued a regulation for rabies control in November 2005, owing to increasing the prevalence of dog and human rabies cases in recent years. An assessment of rabies-vaccination coverage and other factors that might influence the success of the on-going vaccination campaign was needed. The objective of this study was to investigate dog rabies vaccination coverage and risk factors associated with dogs being unvaccinated against rabies, and profiles of the owned-dog population in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, where dog rabies was endemic. Mainly due to logistical reasons, the WHO's expanded programme on immunization cluster-survey method was used. The 390 households were included in the study. Information about dog population and management characteristics was obtained for 542 dogs from 301 households. On average, households had 1.4 dogs and 1.8 dogs per dog-owning household (median = 1). The human-to-dog ratio was 4.6 : 1. During the last 1 year prior to the study, of the 539 dogs aged >or=1 month, 463 (85%; 95% CI 79-91; design effect 3.6) were classified as vaccinated. Amongst the study dogs, dogs aged 1-11 months were the higher risk of dogs not being vaccinated (OR = 8.2; 95% CI 4.3-15.6; P < 0.01). Almost two-thirds of the study dogs were allowed to roam freely throughout the day or in part. Community education efforts should address the importance of dog ownership and movement restriction, and the need to vaccinate young dogs.  相似文献   

Determinants of health seeking behaviour following rabies exposure in Ethiopia          下载免费PDF全文

T. J. Beyene  M. C. M. Mourits  C. W. Revie  H. Hogeveen 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(4):443-453

The objective of this study was to identify factors that determine medical treatment seeking behaviour following potential rabies exposure after being bitten by a suspected dog and the likelihood of compliance to receive sufficient doses of post‐exposure prophylaxis after the visit to a health centre visit. A detailed survey based on case investigation was conducted on suspected rabid dog bite cases in three areas of Ethiopia. Two multivariable logistic regression models were created with a set of putative variables to explain treatment seeking and compliance outcomes. Based on the registered bite cases at each health centre and the set of unregistered bite cases derived by contact tracing, 655 bite victim cases were identified to have occurred between September 2013 and August 2014. Of these evaluated bite incidences, 465 cases were considered to have been caused by a potentially rabid dog. About 77% of these suspected rabid dog bite victims visited a health centre, while 57% received sufficient doses of PEP. The overall likelihood of seeking medical services following rabies exposure was higher for people bitten by dogs of unknown ownership, where the bite was severe, being bitten on the leg, spend of more than 100 USD per month and where the victim lived close to the nearest health centre, while the likelihood of receiving sufficient doses of PEP was sensitive to monthly spending and distance to health centre. However, the evaluated factors did only explain a part of the variation among the three districts. The district in which victims lived appeared to have a relevant influence on the likelihood of seeking medical treatment but did not improve the prediction on the likelihood of treatment compliance. Given the insights obtained from this study, improvements in the rural districts with regard to accessibility of post‐exposure prophylaxis delivering health centres in shorter distance could improve health seeking behaviour. In addition, in rural districts, majority of exposed persons who seek medical treatment tend to comply with treatment regimen, indicating that the promotion of medical treatment through awareness creation campaigns could be beneficial.  相似文献   

A descriptive analysis of rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis data: 2013, Ontario,Canada          下载免费PDF全文

D. Middleton  J. J. Edwin  K. O. Johnson  B. F. Warshawsky 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):e66-e78

  相似文献   

携带GFP基因的重组狂犬病病毒的拯救及其生物学特性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘翠  殷相平 《中国畜牧兽医》2018,45(7):1965-1971

本研究旨在构建一株携带绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的重组病毒,以便更快速、准确地检测疫苗效价。利用基因重组技术构建含有GFP基因的重组质粒,并利用反向遗传学操作进行重组病毒的拯救,在Vero细胞进行病毒感染并收集蛋白样品进行Western blotting试验,检测外源蛋白GFP的表达情况,测定一步法生长曲线,比较与原始毒株的生物学特性差异。结果显示,本试验成功拯救出携带GFP基因的重组狂犬病病毒毒株SAD-GFP;Western blotting试验结果显示,重组病毒可表达GFP,且随着病毒感染时间的延长,蛋白表达增多;病毒结构蛋白G蛋白表达并未受外源蛋白表达的影响,重组毒株与原始毒株的生长并无明显差异;传代后GFP仍可在病毒中稳定表达。在连续传代过程中,本试验成功拯救出SAD-GFP重组毒株,GFP基因并未丢失,且蛋白表达量并未降低,证明该位点表达的外源蛋白在病毒传代过程中可持续稳定表达,且对病毒生长特性并未产生影响。  相似文献   

Government Response to the Discovery of a Rabies Virus Reservoir Species on a Previously Designated Rabies‐Free Island,Taiwan, 1999–2014          下载免费PDF全文

S.‐S. Chang  H.‐J. Tsai  F.‐Y. Chang  T.‐S. Lee  K.‐C. Huang  K.‐Y. Fang  R. M. Wallace  S. Inoue  C.‐Y. Fei 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(5):396-402

Taiwan had been considered rabies free since 1961. In 2013, Taiwan confirmed the detection of rabies virus in wild Taiwan ferret‐badgers. Up to December 2014, there have been 423 rabies‐confirmed ferret‐badgers and three cases of spillover infection into non‐reservoir hosts. Genetic analysis indicates that TFBV is distinct from all other known rabies virus variants. To date, ferret‐badger rabies is known to occur only in China and Taiwan. The temporal dynamics of rabid ferret‐badgers in Taiwan suggests that the epizootic appears to have subsided to enzootic levels as of December 2014. According to the current epidemiologic data, there is only one TFBV strain in Taiwan. TFBV is still sequestered to the mountainous regions. Humans are at risk mainly through exposure to the virus from infected domestic meso‐carnivores, mainly dogs and cats. Dogs and cats should be vaccinated to establish an immunological barrier to stop the spread of the disease from mountainous regions to domestic meso‐carnivores.  相似文献