毛茛科植物提取物添加量对瘤胃微生物体外动态发酵的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张元庆  肖训军  孟庆翔 《中国畜牧杂志》2007,43(5):27-31

试验采用活体外产气量法研究毛茛科植物提取物不同添加水平对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机化试验设计,以小麦面粉为底物进行体外发酵。瘤胃液供体动物为3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地黄牛,日粮精料水平为30%(日饲喂2次)。植物提取物添加水平分别为0、100、200、300和400mg/L。结果表明:随着毛茛科植物提取物添加水平的提高,小麦面粉24h的DM消化率呈线性下降(P=0.0002),活体外产气速度呈二次曲线规律降低(P=0.0001),而产气延滞期线性增加(P=0.0001),理论最大产气量呈二次曲线规律增加(P=0.0001)。随着植物提取物添加水平的提高,发酵液pH值呈二次曲线增加(P<0.024)。各培养时间点乳酸含量均较低(P<1mmol/L),且各处理之间差异不显著(P>0.10)。提高植物提取物添加水平导致tVFA产量呈二次曲线趋势下降(P<0.01)。通过本试验可得出:毛茛科植物提取物可以通过降低瘤胃发酵的产气速度、提高发酵液pH值以及乙酸和丁酸摩尔比例来调控瘤胃微生物体外发酵,其中植物提取物的适宜添加水平为200～300mg/L。  相似文献   

Effects of Inhibition of Different Rumen Microbial Activity on Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Buffaloes     

LI Mengwei  PENG Lijuan  PENG Kaiping  XIE Fang  LIANG Xin  GUO Yangxia  YANG Chengjian 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(9):2767-2778

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting rumen bacteria,fungi and protozoa with adding linoleic acid and linolenic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and fatty acid metabolism in buffaloes.Both fatty acids were supplemented with substrate and roughage (3:7) at the rate of 3% on dry matter (DM) basis in an in vitro batch culture system,there were 5 repetitions for each group.At the same time,four groups were set up:Control group and inhibition groups of protozoa,bacteria and fungi.After 24 h of incubation,total gas production,CH₄,pH,VFA,NH₃-N,MCP and LFA concentrations were measured.The results showed that:①With the addition of linolenic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibition the growth of bacteria and protozoa,CH₄ production increased significantly after inhibition of the growth bacteria and fungi,and CH₄ production decreased significantly after inhibition of the growth protozoa (P<0.05).With the addition of linoleic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,and CH₄ production was significantly lower than other groups after inhibition of protozoa (P<0.05).② After inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,the pH and MCP concentration were affected significantly with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05),there was no significant effect on NH₃-N concentration with the addition of linoleic acid (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).④ Compared with control group, the concentrations of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1n5, C15:1n5, C16:1n7, C16:0, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:0, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:1, C20:3n3, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:2n6, C22:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid, the concentrations of C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:1n7, C16:0, C17:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9t, C18:0, C18:2(cis-9,trans-11), C18:2(trans-10,cis-12), C20:2n6, C20:1, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1n9, C24:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).The results revealed that the addition of linoleic acid and linolenic acid could significantly manipulate in vitro rumen fermentation parameters,CH₄ yield and fatty acid composition after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa.Protozoa greatly contributed to total gas and CH₄ production while bacteria significantly affected rumen fatty acid metabolism.  相似文献   

阴离子饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵特性和营养物质消化的影响     

张跃文  孟庆翔  刘庆平  许曾曾 《中国畜牧杂志》2006,42(21):34-37

应用双外流连续培养系统模拟瘤胃发酵,研究不同阴阳离子差(DCAD)水平的阴离子饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和营养物质消化率的影响。试验分2期进行,每期12个发酵罐,3个1组,分别投入4种不同DCAD水平的饲粮:+120-、9-、77-、145 mEq/kgDM,后3种饲粮通过添加阴离子添加剂降低DCAD。结果表明:①阴离子饲粮对瘤胃发酵pH值、氨态氮浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、主要挥发酸的摩尔比例均没有显著影响(P>0.2)。②对饲粮干物质、有机质、中性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白消化率没有显著影响(P>0.2)。③对瘤胃微生物合成效率没有显著影响(P>0.2)。试验结论为阴离子饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和饲粮营养物质消化率没有显著影响。  相似文献   

饲粮蛋白质水平对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌菌群结构及功能的影响北大核心CSCD     

王循刚  张晓玲  徐田伟  耿远月  胡林勇  赵娜  刘宏金  康生萍  徐世晓 《草业学报》2022,31(2):182-191

本研究旨在探究饲粮蛋白质水平对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌菌群结构及功能的影响。试验选取18只12月龄健康、平均体重为(31.71±0.72)kg的藏系绵羊羯羊,随机分为3组,每组6只,分别饲喂代谢能相近而蛋白质含量不同(LP组,10.06%CP;MP组,12.10%CP;HP组,14.12%CP)的饲粮,试验为期120 d,包括15 d的预饲期和105 d的正试期。结果表明:1)LP组藏系绵羊的终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著低于MP组和HP组(P<0.05),而料重比显著高于MP组和HP组(P<0.05)。2)3组18个瘤胃液样品共产生1547415条有效序列,聚类后共得到4073个OTUs。饲粮蛋白质水平并没有对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌多样性指数产生显著性影响(P>0.05)。3)在门分类水平上,藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢霉亚门和新美鞭菌门等;在属分类水平上,瘤胃真菌优势菌属为青霉属、无茎真菌属、枝孢属、镰孢霉属和链格孢属等。4)采用LEfSe方法对各个分类水平上丰度有显著差异的微生物进行比较分析,共筛选到33个符合生物标记物的真菌菌群。5)基于FUNGuid对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌群落的营养型进行功能预测,发现腐生营养型是最主要的营养型。以上结果表明,适当提高饲粮中蛋白质水平可以显著提高藏系绵羊的生长性能,但对瘤胃真菌菌群的多样性和结构组成并未产生明显的影响。  相似文献   

不同泌乳水平奶牛瘤胃发酵及血清代谢差异的研究     

沈义媛  詹经纬  李欣  牛慧  吴富鑫  关淑文  童津津  蒋林树  熊本海 《动物营养学报》2022,34(1):349-357

本试验通过研究不同泌乳水平奶牛在瘤胃发酵和血清代谢上的差异,从消化和代谢的角度解释不同泌乳水平奶牛的泌乳合成机制差异,为提高奶牛的生产性能提供理论依据。试验采用随机区组设计,选择24头体况良好、体重[(648.50±68.65)kg]、胎次[(2.64±0.70)胎]相近的泌乳中期[(182.0±31.5)d]荷斯坦奶牛,按产奶量分为高产组[(41.7±4.8)kg/d]和低产组[(24.1±3.9)kg/d],各12头,在相同的饲养管理条件下饲喂相同的全混合日粮。分别用乳成分分析仪、酶免法、比色法和气相色谱法对乳成分、血清代谢指标及瘤胃发酵参数进行测定。结果表明:1)高产组奶牛乳成分中乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01),乳总固形物含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05),而乳蛋白率极显著低于低产组(P<0.01);2)高产组奶牛瘤胃中总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸及丁酸含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01),乙酸含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05);3)高产组奶牛血清能量代谢指标葡萄糖(GLU)和甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著低于低产组(P<0.01),非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著低于低产组(P<0.05),β-羟丁酸(BHBA)含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01);抗氧化指标血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于低产组(P<0.05);免疫指标血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量极显著低于低产组(P<0.01),免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著低于低产组(P<0.05),而免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05)。综上所述,高、低产奶牛在瘤胃发酵及血清代谢指标方面存在显著性差异。  相似文献   

体外法研究生石膏对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成及微生态的影响     

汪水平 《中国兽医学报》2015,35(5)

通过体外产气法研究了生石膏对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成及微生态的影响。按单因子试验设计,在底物中分别按其干物质的0(对照组)、1.25%(低水平组)、2.5%(高水平组)添加生石膏,每个组设4个重复,进行24h体外发酵培养。结果显示,随生石膏添加水平升高,乙酸与总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸与丙酸的浓度比、12和24h产气量、氢的生成量及甲烷菌数量显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)降低,而丙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸的比例与原虫数量极显著(P0.01)升高;生石膏添加会显著(P0.05)或显著(P0.01)降低12和24h甲烷产量,而高水平添加会显著(P0.05)降低丙酸浓度与乙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸的比例。结果表明,生石膏可通过减少氢的供应量和抑制甲烷菌生长而降低体外甲烷产量,同时会促进原虫增殖,致使2种添加水平的相对甲烷抑制潜势没有显著(P0.05)差异。  相似文献   

奶牛瘤胃异常代谢产物组胺引起的炎性反应及其消除方法     

张德广  董国忠  宁兰婷  李果 《动物营养学报》2015,(2)

高精低粗的饲粮结构会引起奶牛瘤胃内乳酸和挥发性脂肪酸浓度升高,瘤胃液pH降低,导致瘤胃内微生物区系发生改变,从而引起瘤胃内异常代谢产物(细菌内毒素、组胺等)增加,甚至引发亚急性瘤胃酸中毒。其中,组胺是机体内重要的炎性介质,高浓度的组胺转运至血液后可引起机体炎症反应,引起奶牛多种疾病,并使奶牛生产性能下降。本文对奶牛瘤胃异常发酵时组胺的产生和转运以及组胺诱导炎性反应的机制进行综述,同时,介绍一些限制组胺生成和转运的方法,为控制和减少组胺对奶牛的危害提供参考。  相似文献   

不同代谢葡萄糖水平对绵羊人工瘤胃发酵特性、微生物蛋白质浓度和产气参数的影响     

赵睿  徐进昊  李华伟  王洪荣 《动物营养学报》2015,(3):932-940

本试验旨在通过人工瘤胃体外培养,研究不同代谢葡萄糖水平下的绵羊瘤胃发酵特性、微生物蛋白质浓度和产气参数。采用单因子试验设计,共设计4个代谢葡萄糖水平[125(A)、138(B)、153(C)、168 g/kg(D)]。体外试验所用瘤胃液采自4只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊。分别于培养0、2、4、6、8、12、24 h采集2 mL培养液用于分析。结果表明:1)8~24 h培养液pH随着代谢葡萄糖水平的提高而出现显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);氨氮浓度在2 h时D组显著高于A组(P0.05),而在6 h时A组显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。2)D组6h培养液细菌蛋白浓度显著高于A组(P0.05);随着代谢葡萄糖水平的提高,培养液丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度总体呈升高趋势,乙酸/丙酸呈下降趋势。3)随着代谢葡萄糖水平的提高,理论最大产气量极显著降低(P0.01),达1/2理论最大产气量的时间极显著缩短(P0.01);潜在产气量无显著变化(P0.05),24 h产气量和产气速率常数分别显著或极显著下降和上升(P0.05或P0.01)。结果提示,提高代谢葡萄糖水平,可以提高丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,同时可为绵羊提供较多的生糖前体物质。  相似文献   

RNA-Seq技术在瘤胃微生物研究中的应用进展     

廖奇  刘旭川  李清  樊月圆  张春勇  杨舒黎  毛华明  冷静 《动物营养学报》2015,(4)

反刍动物瘤胃内多种多样的微生物组成一个复杂的微生态系统,它们在瘤胃内物质消化过程中发挥重要作用。RNA-Seq技术的出现为反刍动物瘤胃微生物的研究提供了前所未有的机遇。本文主要从新一代高通量测序技术出发,阐述RNA-Seq技术在瘤胃微生物代谢酶特性、瘤胃微生物的多样性、瘤胃微生物新功能基因方面的应用,以期为瘤胃微生物的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Effect of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 dosing on rumen development,volatile fatty acid production and blood β‐hydroxybutyrate in neonatal dairy calves          下载免费PDF全文

M. C. Muya  F. V. Nherera  K. A. Miller  C. C. Aperce  P. M. Moshidi  L. J. Erasmus 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):913-918

Thirty calves were randomly assigned to two treatments and fed until weaning [42 days (d) of age]. Treatments were a control group (n = 15), which did not receive Megasphaera elsdenii (Me0) and a M. elsdenii group, which received a 50‐ml oral dose of M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 (10⁸ CFU/ml) at day 14 day of age (Me14). Calves were given colostrum for the first 3 day followed by limited whole milk feeding. A commercial calf starter was offered ad libitum starting at day 4 until the end of the study. Fresh water was available throughout the study. Feed intake and growth were measured. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture to determine β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations. Fourteen male calves (seven per group) were euthanised on day 42 and digestive tracts harvested. Reticulo‐rumen weight was determined and rumen tissue samples collected from the cranial and caudal sacs of the ventral and dorsal portions of the rumen for measurements of papillae length, papillae width and rumen wall thickness. Dosing with M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 improved starter dry matter intake (DMI), weaning body weight (BW) and tended to improve average daily gain. Calves in Me14 group had greater plasma BHBA concentration than Me0‐calves during the last 3 weeks of the trial and had at day 42 greater reticulo‐rumen weight, papillae width and papillae density compared to Me0. No differences in rumen wall thickness or papillae length were observed between the two groups. Total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate production did not differ between treatments, but butyrate production was greater in Me14 than Me0. Dosing M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 showed benefit for calves with improved feed intake and rumen development suggesting increased epithelium metabolism and improved absorption of digestive end products.  相似文献