植物生长素合成酶iaaM基因在烟草韧皮部     

彭彦 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,38(1):32-35

为探讨生长素过度合成对植物韧皮部发育的影响,利用韧皮部特异表达的拟南芥蔗糖合成酶基因启动子与色氨酸单加氧酶基因(iaaM)重组,构建载体,通过根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法将其转入烟草,获得了转化的烟草植株。大多转基因烟草都表现出叶片卷曲、植株生长异常的生长素过度表型。转基因烟草植株生长较野生型烟草(对照)植株明显迟缓,但其茎横切面韧皮部细胞显著增多,排列更加紧密整齐,木质部也较早开始分化。转基因烟草茎段有大量不定根分化,其根部则在韧皮部薄壁细胞处诱生大量根原基,在不定根上有大量侧根和根毛的分化。  相似文献   

Diets enriched with a Jerte Valley cherry‐based nutraceutical product reinforce nocturnal behaviour in young and old animals of nocturnal (Rattus norvegicus) and diurnal (Streptopelia risoria) chronotypes     

J. Delgado  Ma. P. Terrn  M. Garrido  J. A. Pariente  C. Barriga  A. B. Rodríguez  S. D. Paredes 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(1):137-145

The decline in melatonin secretion with age seems to be one of the major reasons for increased sleep disruption in older animals. Previously, we showed that the administration with melatonin or its precursor, tryptophan, improved activity/rest rhythms in aged individuals. Here, it was evaluated the effect of a 10‐day consumption of a Jerte Valley cherry‐based nutraceutical product (patent no. ES2342141B1), which contains high levels of tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin, on the activity/rest rhythms of young and old rats (Rattus norvegicus) and ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria) as representatives of animals with nocturnal and diurnal habits, respectively, and its possible relationship with the serum levels of melatonin and glucose. Total diurnal and nocturnal activity pulses were logged at control, during, and up to 3 days after the treatment. Melatonin and glucose were measured with ELISA and testing kits respectively. In both young and old rats, the intake of the cherry nutraceutical decreased diurnal activity, whereas nocturnal activity increased. The opposite effect was observed for ringdoves. The treatment increased the circulating levels of melatonin in both species and restored the amplitude of the activity rhythm in the old animals to that of the non‐treated young groups. The consumption of a Jerte Valley cherry‐based nutraceutical product may help to counteract the impaired activity/rest rhythm found in aged animals.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary tryptophan levels on performance and biochemical variables of plasma and intestinal mucosa in yellow‐feathered broiler breeders          下载免费PDF全文

S. Q. Jiang  Z. Y. Gou  X. J. Lin  L. Li 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e387-e394

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Effects of intravenous tryptophan infusion on thermoregulation in steers exposed to acute heat stress          下载免费PDF全文

Madoka Sutoh  Etsuko Kasuya  Ken‐ichi Yayou 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(5):777-783

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tryptophan (TRP) supply on the thermoregulatory responses via brain serotonin (5‐HT) in cattle. In period 1, 12 Holstein steers were kept under a constant room temperature (22°C) and were administered the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of saline or TRP (38.5 mg/kg/2 h). Changes in rectal temperature (RT), 5‐HT concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and other factors involved in thermoregulation were measured. In period 2, the steers received the same treatments as in period 1; however, the room temperature was elevated from 22°C to 33°C during i.v. infusion and maintained at 33°C for 3 h. 5‐HT concentration in CSF increased following TRP infusion in both periods, and RT significantly decreased following TRP infusion only in period 2. The effect of TRP on respiration rate and plasma prolactin and total triiodothyronine concentrations was not significant. These results suggest that increase in TRP supply can attenuate increase in RT in response to acute heat stress through the increase in brain 5‐HT, followed by presumable increase in evaporative heat loss from the skin surface in cattle. It is possible that the increase in peripheral blood TRP metabolites could also participate in the hypothermic effect of TRP.  相似文献   

Application of the slope‐ratio growth assay technique to estimate tryptophan availability in soybean meal fed to young rats     

Hiroyuki Sato  Makoto Miura  Takeshi Fujieda  Masaaki Toyomizu 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(9):1270-1277

The slope‐ratio assay for rat was used to determine whether tryptophan (Trp) availability in soybean meal (SBM) is affected by the presence of other amino acids (AAs). In a preliminary study, rats were fed graded levels of Trp‐supplemented diets to establish the Trp concentration range over which the weight gain response was linear. This range was found to be from 0.04% to 0.12% Trp. Subsequently, rats were fed basal (0.045% Trp) or Trp‐supplemented diets from three different sources: l ‐Trp alone, SBM, or l ‐Trp mixed with other AAs to reflect AA levels in the test SBM (AA‐mix). Weight gain in rats increased linearly with supplemental Trp intake (p < .05) for all Trp sources. Compared to the slope achieved with l ‐Trp alone, the estimated availability of Trp in SBM was 84.4%, while for the AA‐mix it was 93.4%. It is evident that the 6.6% reduction in l ‐Trp availability in AA‐mix is due to metabolic costs derived from excess levels of other AAs beside Trp, given that the absorption of crystalline l ‐Trp in the small intestine is 100%. In conclusion, the Trp availability of SBM was estimated to be around 90.4% (i.e., 84.4/93.4 × 100) after correcting for the effects of the other AAs in SBM.  相似文献   

Intravenous tryptophan administration attenuates cortisol secretion induced by intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenaline          下载免费PDF全文

Madoka Sutoh  Etsuko Kasuya  Ken‐ichi Yayou  Fumihiro Ohtani  Yosuke Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(2):266-270

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of suppression of stress‐induced cortisol (CORT) secretion by tryptophan (TRP) administration and to better understand its regulatory mechanisms by using a noradrenaline (NA) injection into the third ventricle (3V) as a stress model in cattle. A total of 25 Holstein steers with a cannula in the 3V were used. First, the increase in CORT secretion was observed following a NA injection into the 3V in a dose‐dependent manner, verifying the appropriateness of this treatment as a stress model of CORT secretion (Experiment 1). The effect of prior‐administration of TRP into peripheral blood with a dose that has been demonstrated to increase brain 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels on the elevation of plasma CORT induced by NA or corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) was then examined (Experiment 2). The prior administration of TRP suppressed NA‐induced, but not CRH‐induced, CORT elevation. These results suggest that an increase in TRP absorption into peripheral blood could suppress the stress‐induced CORT secretion in cattle via the attenuation of the stimulatory effect of NA on the hypothalamic CRH release.  相似文献   

Interaction between amino acids on the performances of individually housed piglets          下载免费PDF全文

S. Millet  M. Aluwé  B. Ampe  S. De Campeneere 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(2):230-236

Dietary branched‐chain amino acid and tryptophan concentrations have been associated with effects on daily feed intake; this study is an extension of that research. We evaluated eight dietary treatments in a Latin square cross‐over design with 32 female piglets during 8 weeks (9.9 ± 0.6 kg to 44.9 ± 2.9 kg, mean ± SD). Treatments differed in dietary standardized ileal digestible leucine (10.8 and 21.3 g/kg), valine (7.0 and 7.8 g/kg), isoleucine (6.0 or 7.3 g/kg) and tryptophan (2.0 and 2.5 g/kg) content. A longitudinal model was fitted with the level of valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan and the interactions leucine × tryptophan, valine × leucine, isoleucine × tryptophan as fixed effects. Increasing the dietary leucine content decreased feed intake (?169 g/day) and daily gain (?168 g/day) of the pigs and impaired the feed conversion ratio (+0.49 g/g) (p < 0.01 for all parameters). Adding valine to the high leucine diet counteracted the feed intake reduction partially, while effects on daily gain and feed conversion ratio were largely counteracted by adding extra valine. The positive effect on feed conversion ratio diminished over time (p = 0.001 for age × valine). Adding extra tryptophan to the high leucine diet tended to negatively affect daily gain (p = 0.081) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.074). Adding extra dietary isoleucine together with extra valine did not further counteract the negative effects of excess dietary leucine. The present results confirmed that, with excess leucine, extra valine benefits performance. Further adding extra tryptophan or isoleucine did not improve performances.  相似文献   

低蛋白质饲粮中植物源血根碱替代色氨酸对仔猪门静脉血浆流率及氨基酸代谢的影响     

贺喜  岳龙  张石蕊  李凤娜  陈达图  胡官波  沈俊  曾建国 《动物营养学报》2015,(6)

本研究旨在通过测定低蛋白质饲粮中植物源血根碱替代色氨酸后仔猪门静脉血浆流率(PVPF)、氨基酸净吸收量及血清尿素氮净吸收量,探讨血根碱替代色氨酸对仔猪PVPF及门静脉氨基酸代谢的影响。试验选取12头20 kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交公猪进行血液插管手术(颈动脉、门静脉和肠系膜静脉插管),随机分为4个处理,每个处理3头猪。4个处理分别为低蛋白质饲粮组(低蛋白质组)、低蛋白质不补充色氨酸饲粮组(缺色氨酸组)、低蛋白质不补充色氨酸添加血根碱饲粮组(血根碱组)和常规饲粮组。结果表明:1)猪PVPF会随着采食时间变化整体呈上升的趋势,在后期趋于稳定,缺色氨酸组6 h内平均PVPF比低蛋白质组、血根碱组和常规饲粮组均低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)缺色氨酸组门静脉赖氨酸、色氨酸及精氨酸净吸收量显著低于蛋白质组、血根碱组和常规饲粮组(P0.05),而低蛋白质组、血根碱组和常规饲粮组3组间门静脉赖氨酸、色氨酸及精氨酸净吸收量差异不显著(P0.05)。缺色氨酸组门静脉必需氨基酸及总氨基酸净吸收量显著低于蛋白质组、血根碱组和常规饲粮组(P0.05),而低蛋白质组和血根碱组间门静脉必需氨基酸及总氨基酸净吸收量差异不显著(P0.05)。3)各组的血浆尿素氮的净吸收量相近,差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,低蛋白质饲粮中不补充色氨酸,对PVPF和门静脉氨基酸净吸收量有一定影响;在不补充色氨酸添加血根碱后会相对提高PVPF,增加门静脉必需氨基酸和总氨基酸净吸收量,但不影响门静脉血浆尿素氮净吸收量。  相似文献   

半定量RT-PCR检测猪延髓中色氨酸羟化酶2基因表达方法的建立     

马红娜  邓衔柏  马勇江  何敏  习欠云  宁章勇  张桂红  卢培成  张曼玉 《动物医学进展》2010,31(7):1-6

利用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,测定仔猪延髓组织中色氨酸羟化酶2(TPH-2)基因mRNA表达水平,以β-actin为内标,分析相对表达量及其与驱赶应激的关系。通过探讨和优化PCR体系中退火温度、Mg2+浓度和循环次数等参数,建立了检测延髓组织中色氨酸羟化酶-2基因mRNA表达的半定量RT-PCR体系。通过分析色氨酸羟化酶-2 PCR产物与β-actin PCR产物电泳后的灰度比值,可知驱赶应激对TPH-2基因mRNA表达量的影响。  相似文献   

Effects of four feeding stimulants in high plant‐based diets on feed intake,growth performance,serum biochemical parameters,digestive enzyme activities and appetite‐related genes expression of juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)          下载免费PDF全文

Q. Zou  Y. Huang  J. Cao  H. Zhao  G. Wang  Y. Li  Q. Pan 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(5):1076-1085

The present research evaluated the effects of four feeding stimulants on feed intake (FI), growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical parameters, digestive enzyme activities and appetite‐related gene expression for juvenile GIFT tilapia. Five experimental high plant‐based diets (with 0, 0.4 g kg^?1 dimethyl‐β‐propiothetin (DMPT), 0.6 g kg^?1 dimethylthetin (DMT), 1.8 g kg^?1 tryptophan (Trp) and 6 g kg^?1 betaine (Bet), respectively supplemented) were fed to juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) (3.34 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that FI was significantly increased by Trp and DMT. The highest specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) was observed for fish fed Bet diet, followed by DMT. Serum triglyceride was significantly increased by DMPT. Fish fed Bet diet showed significantly higher intestinal protease, liver protease and intestinal amylase activities. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression in brain was significantly improved by Trp, and ghrelin mRNA expression in stomach was significantly increased by DMT. It is concluded that supplementation of Trp or DMT could act as an effective feeding stimulants (FS) in high plant‐based diets for juvenile GIFT tilapia, which might be associated with the relatively higher orexigenic (NPY or ghrelin) genes expression, and supplementation of Bet could improve SGR, PER and reduce feed conversion ratio (FCR) of juvenile GIFT tilapia.  相似文献