图书馆局域网病毒的防范     

李柏冬  王清晨 《农业图书情报学刊》2009,21(11):68-69,75

针对图书馆局域网环境下计算机系统的特点,简要地论述了计算机病毒的特征、种类、传播方式及危害性,并结合工作实践,探讨了网络环境下图书馆局域网内计算机病毒几种防范措施。  相似文献   

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Thrips   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Jones  David R 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,113(2):119-157

All thrips (order Thysanoptera) that are known to be vectors of plant viruses are identified and described. Thrips transmit plant viruses in the Tospovirus, Ilarvirus, Carmovirus, Sobemovirus and Machlomovirus genera. Tospoviruses are the cause of a number of significant emerging diseases, such as capsicum chlorosis and scape blight of onion. They infect thrips as well as plant hosts and the relationship between pathogen and vector is intimate. Once infected at the larval stage, adult thrips usually transmit tospovirsuses for life. Transmission to plant hosts occurs when thrips feed. Information on the distribution and hosts of all recognised thrips vectors is provided. Fourteen tospovirus species are described with information provided on other tospoviruses that have not yet been designated as species. The history of the research that has led to present knowledge is reviewed in chronological order for each tospovirus. The possible origin of tospoviruses is discussed. Information is presented on viruses, which are thrips-transmitted by mechanical processes, in other genera. Pathways of spread of thrips vectors in relation to the threat of tospoviruses to European agriculture are discussed.  相似文献   

环介导等温扩增技术及其在水生动物病毒检测中的应用     

柯飞  王赟  胡兴安  侯丽芳 《广西农业生物科学》2014,(4):935-941

水产养殖已成为国民经济重要组成部分,但经常受到水生动物病毒的困扰。相关病毒病原的检测已成为水生动物病原研究的热点之一。环介导等温扩增技术具有高特异性和灵敏度,并且扩增时间短,对仪器的要求较低,已广泛应用于水生动物病毒的检测中。本文从环介导等温扩增技术中引物的设计,扩增反应过程及反应产物的检测三个方面来阐述其基本原理,并综述了其在水生动物虹彩病毒、弹状病毒、呼肠孤病毒、疱疹病毒及对虾病毒检测中的应用,最后对其技术和应用上的发展前景进行了展望,以期为水生动物病毒检测相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

中国兽药知识产权保护问题分析与对策建议   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

顾进华 《中国兽药杂志》2014,48(5):1-4

为更好地保护和利用兽药知识产权,从现代知识产权保护规则和基本概念着手,分析了兽药知识产权保护现状和存在问题,就如何借鉴我国药品专利、行政保护、植物资源保护经验进行了探讨,提出了兽药知识产权保护、兽医微生物菌(毒、虫)种资源保护对策建议和思路,希望能为我国兽药知识产权保护工作提供参考。  相似文献   

Antibody prevalence against respiratory viruses in sheep and goats in North-Western Turkey     

Yeşilbağ K  Güngör B 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(4):421-425

Respiratory viruses may infect both small and large ruminant species, and can be transmitted among those of species. Present study reports presence and serological distribution of bovine respiratory viral infections in sheep and goats in Marmara region of Turkey. Total of 388 sera, 228 from sheep and 160 from goats collected from 4 provinces were analysed. Neutralising antibodies specific to BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, PI-3, BAV-1 and BAV-3 were investigated. Among 388 serum samples 32.1% were positive for BVDV, 23.0% for BHV-1, 72.9% for BRSV, 13.2% for PI-3, 86.0% for BAV-1 and 93.0% for BAV-3. There were significant differences observed between seroprevalence rates detected in neighbouring provinces. Prevalence of BVDV specific antibodies was extremely higher (p = 0.0009) in sheep, however, BHV-1 (p = 0.0001) and PI-3 (p = 0.0038) were more prevalent in goats. BRSV antibody prevalence was closely related to data obtained from cattle. This study demonstrates that, like in cattle herds, BRSV and adenoviruses are the possible common reason of respiratory diseases in small ruminants in the region.  相似文献   

Ecological Context for Examining the Effects of Transgenic Crops in Production Systems     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):457-489

SUMMARY

Ecological processes can have strong effects on production systems, many of which prevent crops from reaching their maximal yield. Past and present management strategies have been developed to mitigate the negative interactions, thereby improving crop production. However, when applied to complex and variable agroecosystems, some of these strategies have resulted in unintended ecological effects that ultimately hindered production. Transgenic crops are a widespread and powerful management option, and there is a tremendous need to understand their intended ecological effects as well as potential unintended direct and indirect effects. The purpose of this review is threefold: (1) to discuss four of the major ecological effects that limit crop production: competition, herbivory, disease, and abiotic stresses, (2) to describe how biotechnology is addressing these problems, and (3) to examine the ways these biotechnological solutions may cause ecological effects that unintentionally hinder crop production. We find that, to date, there has been little diversity in the types of transgenic crops available and the approaches they use to improve crop production. Transgenic crops, like previous agricultural technologies, are designed to enhance a singular plant trait in order to solve a specific production problem. When viewed in a simplified system, transgenic crops seem to provide effective means to mitigate negative ecological effects. However, when approached via a larger ecological context, it is clear that transgenic crops have already had and will continue to have unintended ecological effects that can ultimately affect crop production through mechanisms such as gene flow, resistance evolution, community interactions, and production practices. No management option, including transgenics, is universally beneficial or detrimental. The ecological context of specific agroecosystems may improve predictions of the benefits, limitations, and consequences of a given management tactic within that system. As we increase our understanding of the ecological context of crop production problems, we may be able to improve our control efforts to maximize production and minimize potential problems in the future.  相似文献   

利用混合抗血清检测苹果潜隐病毒     

李春敏  章德明 《河北林果研究》1999,(1)

为寻求判断苗木是否带毒的简便方法，利用ＰＡＳ—ＥＬＩＳＡ检测方法，将ＡＣＬＳＶ和ＡＳＧＶ的抗血清混合，并同时加入同一检测孔中，定性检测苹果组培苗ＡＣＬＳＶ和ＡＳＧＶ的带毒情况。发现该方法在检测这两种病毒的混合毒源时，比采用单一抗血清检测灵敏度高，且费用较低。  相似文献   

鹑源减蛋综合征病毒QAVc—94株的酶切图谱分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李文贵  俞乃胜 《中国预防兽医学报》2001,23(2):87-90

选HindⅢ、EcoRⅠ、PstⅠ、SphⅠ、BamHⅠ、BamHⅠ和BglⅠ6种限制酶，对QAVc-94株和AV－127国际标准株的DNA进行酶切图谱比较结果发现，QAVc-94株用上述6种酶酶切得到的片段数分别为10、3、12、4、6、9条，将各片段碱基数相加得出其基因组长34.7kb，略高于国内的报道，而与Zask等的结果相接近，从分子水平上将QAVc-94鉴定为一株EDSV。对照AV－127株的酶切结果与文献报道相符。QAVc-94株酶切图谱分析显示：HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ的酶谱与报道的其他EDSV分离株基本相似，HindⅢ的酶谱与国内研究最多的AA－2长春分离株一致，EcoRⅠ的酶谱结果与Zask等报道的B8／78株相同。而其他4种限制酶的酶切图谱与已报道的各地分离株相比，差异较大，如PstⅠ和BglⅠ多出2－5个识别位点。说明鹌鹑源EDSV已与鸡源、鸭源、鹅源EDSV有较大的变异，是一株血清型相同而基因型不同的鹌鹑减蛋综合征病毒。  相似文献   

Prefertilization barriers between different Bromeliaceae     

I. Vervaeke  E. Parton  L. Maene  R. Deroose  M.P. De Proft 《Euphytica》2001,118(1):91-97

Resistance to rice virus diseases is an important requirement in many Southeast Asian rice breeding programs. Inheritance of resistance to rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) in TW5, a near-isogenic line derived from Indonesian rice cultivar Utri Merah, was compared to that in TKM6, an Indian rice cultivar. Both TKM6 and Utri Merah are cultivars resistant to RTSV infections. Crosses were made between TKM6 and TN1, a susceptible cultivar, and between TW5 and TN1, and F₃ lines were evaluated for their resistance to RTSV using two RTSV inoculum sources and a serological assay (ELISA). In TKM6, the resistance to the mixture of RTSV-V + RTBV inoculum source was controlled by a single recessive gene, whereas in TW5, the resistance was controlled by two recessive genes. A single recessive gene, however, controlled the resistance in TW5 when another RTSV variant, RTSV-VI, was used, suggesting that the resistance in TW5 depends on the nature of the RTSV inoculum used. RT-PCR, sequence, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that RTSV-VI inoculum differs from RTSV-V inoculum and accurate phenotyping of the resistance to RTSV requires the use of a genetic marker. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

番鸭细小病毒特性的初步研究     

孟松树  王永坤 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1994,(4)

将纯化的番鸭细小病毒（ＭＰＶ）在电镜下观察，呈球形或六角形，无囊膜，正二十面体对称，大小为２４～２５ｎｍ，壳粒呈中空管状，直径约３～４ｎｍ，壳粒数为３２。病毒无血凝性，对氯仿、乙醚、胰酶、酸和热不敏感，对紫外线敏感。ＭＰＶ在氯化铯中沉淀时具有３条区带，其密度分别为１．２８～１．３０，１．３２，１．４２ｇ／ｃｍ￣３，其中第３条带具有感染性。病毒具有４种结构多肽：ＶＰ＿１（８９ｋｄ），ＶＰ＿２（６８ｋｄ），ＶＰ＿３（５８ｋｄ）和ＶＰ＿４（４０ｋｄ），其中ＶＰ＿３为主要结构多肽。吖啶橙反应及核酸酶消化试验表明ＭＰＶ核酸为单链ＤＮＡ。  相似文献