Threshold of Soil Olsen-P in Greenhouses for Tomatoes and Cucumbers     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(20):2383-2402

Phosphorus (P) accumulation is a common phenomenon in greenhouse soil for vegetables. Excessive P accumulation in soil usually decreases the yield and quality of vegetables as well as potentially polluting water environments. Ninety-eight tomato and 48 cucumber greenhouses were investigated in the eight main vegetable production areas of Hebei Province, China. Soil Olsen-P, the electrical conductivity (EC), the pH value, the organic matter of the soil, and the cropping years of these greenhouses were investigated and analyzed in order to better understand the status of soil P accumulation and positively find effective ways to solve the excessive phosphate accumulation problem. The investigation showed that the ratio was above 70% for all of the greenhouses where the soil Olsen-P exceeded 90 mg·kg^?1 (upper bound of soil Olsen-P optimum value in greenhouse) in the 0–20 cm surface soil in the investigated greenhouses. There was a significant positive correlation between the soil Olsen-P content and the soil EC, between the soil Olsen-P and the cropping years, and the Olsen-P had a significant negative correlation with the soil pH value. It is concluded that supplying phosphate fertilizer excessively induced the soil EC to ascend and the pH value to descend, which increases the possibility of the soil secondary salinization and soil degeneration. The significant positive correlation between the soil organic content and the soil Olsen-P contents suggests that supplying organic fertilizer might mobilize soil residual phosphate. This also provides a good way to solve the problem of soil P accumulation. In order to further explore the threshold content of soil Olsen-P demanded by tomato and cucumber under the high soil Olsen-P condition, two tomato greenhouses (T1, T2) in Dingzhou and two cucumber greenhouses (C1, C2) in Wuqiang were researched. All of the greenhouses had ranges of soil Olsen-P content that were between 150 and 300 mg·kg^?1, which far exceeded the 90 mg·kg^?1 ideal. The P fertilizer application rates showed positive correlations with the soil Olsen-P contents and EC values in cucumber and tomato greenhouses in the current season. Analyzing T1 and T2 results showed that tomato was sensitive to the high soil Olsen-P contents ranging from 230.64 to 729.42 mg kg^?1 at the seedling stage (15 days after transplanting; DAT) and from 199.41 to 531.42 mg kg^?1 at the fruiting stage (90 DAT), because the yields correlated negatively with soil Olsen-P contents at each growth stage. It is suggested that the maximum soil Olsen-P threshold content for tomato should be lower than 230 mg·kg^?1 at the seedling stage and lower than 199 mg·kg^?1 at the fruiting stage. But cucumber yield did not change significantly as soil Olsen-P content rose from 248.75 to 927.62 mg kg^?1, 212.40 to 554.07 mg kg^?1, 184.48 to 455.90 mg kg^?1, and 128.42 to 400.96 mg kg^?1 at the seedling stage (15 DAT), early fruiting stage (50 DAT), middle fruiting stage (140 DAT), and late fruiting stage (235 DAT), respectively, suggesting that the maximal soil Olsen-P threshold content was lower than 249, 212, 185, and 128 mg·kg^?1 at each growth stage, respectively. The relationship between fruit qualities and soil Olsen-P contents at each growth stage was not evident. Activities of soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased as soil Olsen-P supply was raised in T1, T2, and C1 at the seedling stage. It is concluded that in an excess soil Olsen-P condition tomato yield decreases strongly as soil ALP activity decreases, whereas ALP activity has little direct effect on cucumber yield.  相似文献   

长期施用无机NPK肥对保护地黄瓜光合特性及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王建锋  李天来  杨丽娟 《土壤通报》2005,36(4):545-548

在长期单施无机氮肥(15年)条件下,黄瓜生长发育正常,而且随着施N量的增加(试验中的最高施N处理为每年600kghm-2),叶面积显著增大,叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率显著提高,但处理间叶片胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度无显著差异,说明不同N水平对黄瓜叶片净光合速率的作用主要是由非气孔因素造成的,长期单施无机氮肥还显著地提高了黄瓜的产量、结瓜数、座瓜率,降低了畸形瓜率。N、P、K配施可进一步提高黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率、产量、结瓜数和座瓜率,降低畸形瓜率,但处理间叶片胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度仍无显著差异,说明不同N、P、K配施对黄瓜叶片净光合速率的作用主要也是由非气孔因素造成的。同时,在N、P、K配施试验中,以N对黄瓜光合作用及产量的影响最大,P次之,K较小。  相似文献   

硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗细胞膜伤害及其保护酶活性的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

侯玉慧  韩晓日  杨家佳  姜琳琳 《中国农学通报》2005,21(9):252-254

以抗盐性不同的两个黄瓜品种为材料,研究硅对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗细胞膜伤害及其保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫下细胞的膜质过氧化程度明显加剧,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均有不同程度的下降。外源硅降低了幼苗叶片质膜透性,提高了盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内SOD、POD酶活性,但对CAT活性影响不大。  相似文献   

氮磷钾养分配比对温室土培黄瓜产量及品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李冬梅  魏珉  张海森  王秀峰  孔祥波 《华北农学报》2005,20(3):87-89

在日光温室内,采用盆栽方式研究了不同氮磷钾养分配比对土壤栽培黄瓜产量及其品质的影响。结果表明：增加磷素用量和比例可以显著提高黄瓜的产量;适量氮钾肥配合增施磷肥可以增加果实中可溶性蛋白含量,适量氮磷肥配合增施钾肥可以改善果实品质,提高可溶性糖和维生素C含量,降低硝酸盐含量。  相似文献   

黄瓜早期若干数量性状遗传研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

尹维娜  司龙亭  赵飞  宋秋瑾  王普  张建军 《中国农学通报》2006,22(1):232-232

利用4个黄瓜亲本，按4×4双列杂交法配制16个组合，测定早期产量、单瓜重、瓜条长度、瓜条直径、瓜把长度、果皮颜色6个数量性状。试验根据Hayman双列杂交法进行遗传分析。结果表明：单瓜重、瓜条长度、瓜条直径、瓜把长度、果皮颜色性状符合“加性-显性”效应模型，以加性效应为主，早期产量性状还受到上位性效应的作用，但以显性效应为主，存在超显性。除早期产量和瓜条直径外，其余各性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都很高，表明受环境影响较小，可在早代进行选择；早期产量和瓜条直径的狭义遗传力较小，以非加性效应为主。  相似文献   

影响黄瓜直接不定芽诱导的品种等因素研究     

金宝燕  苏华  任华中 《中国农学通报》2006,22(6):45-45

以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）子叶节为外植体，研究了品种、6-苄氨基嘌呤、外植体大小及硝酸银对黄瓜直接不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明：不同黄瓜品种直接不定芽数量诱导存在显著差异，但长度诱导无显著差异；6-苄氨基嘌呤对直接不定芽数量和长度的诱导作用显著，其中4.0mg/L为数量诱导适宜浓度，其出芽率和每外植体出芽数达到最高，分别为100.0%和11.1，0.5mg/L为长度诱导适宜浓度，其平均芽长12.0mm；外植体的大小对直接不定芽数量和长度均具显著影响，随着子叶的增大诱导直接不定芽的数量和长度增加，其中单片完整子叶为最适宜大小，其出芽率、每外植体出芽数和平均芽长分别达到100%、6.7和17.1mm；硝酸银也对直接不定芽数量诱导影响显著，其中2.0mg/L为适宜浓度，出芽率和每外植体出芽数分别达到97.2%和4.2，但对芽长有抑制作用。  相似文献   

黄瓜上烟粉虱成虫种群空间分布格局及时序动态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牛新利  巫厚长  邹运鼎  毕守东  任翠农  刘承社  赵燕红  陶金昌  汪文俊 《中国农学通报》2007,23(7):457-457

应用6种聚集度指标和Iwao法、Taylor幂法则,考查了2006年7—8月份烟粉虱成虫种群（Bemisia tabaci）在黄瓜上的分布型;分析这些聚集度指标与密度的相关性,选择了受密度影响较小的负二项分布的k值,描述种群的时序动态。结果显示：在黄瓜的生长期间,该成虫种群聚集强度有明显的变化,水平空间为高→低→高→低,百株虫量最多为23359头,最少为1908头;垂直空间为低→高→低→高,百株第8叶烟粉虱成虫数量最多,为9093头,其次是第9叶和第7叶,分别为8488头和8353头。从该种群在黄瓜上的整个发生期来看,种群空间格局处于扩散和聚集交替进行的动态过程中。在空间分布格局研究的基础上,给出了合适的抽样数。  相似文献   

黄瓜‘浙秀1号’种子纯度的SSR鉴定     

周胜军  张鹏  朱育强  陈新娟  陈丽萍 《分子植物育种》2013,(5)

种子纯度在种子生产中的重要性日益提升,分子标记技术因其具有高效、稳定、可靠等优点越来越多地被应用到种子纯度鉴定中。本研究利用SSR分子标记技术对黄瓜杂交品系‘浙秀1号’及其两亲本之间的多态性进行了引物筛选和种子纯度鉴定研究。结果表明,在699对供选SSR引物中,有3对引物分别在‘浙秀1号’杂交种和其双亲之间表现为稳定的共显性,杂交种带型为双亲的互补带型,适合于杂交种纯度鉴定。经田间试验验证,引物稳定性良好,且与田间鉴定结果非常接近,可用于‘浙秀1号’杂交种种子纯度的鉴定,显示出SSR标记技术在黄瓜杂交种子纯度的室内快速检测中有广泛应用前景。  相似文献   

水杨酸对烟草抗黄瓜花叶病毒的诱导效应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

师金鸽  李占杰  杨铁钊 《华北农学报》2008,23(6)

通过外源水杨酸（Salicylic acid,SA）处理烟苗,研究了水杨酸处理的烟草接种黄瓜花叶病毒后,其病情指数及抗病相关酶活性和H2O2含量的变化。结果表明：接种CMV后21d,SA处理烟株的病情指数显著低于对照;SA预处理的烟株在接种CMV前后叶片内的过氧化物酶（POD）活性和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量提高,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性下降。表明水杨酸具有诱导烟草抗黄瓜花叶病毒的效应。  相似文献   

黄瓜根腐病致病病原的鉴定   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王惠哲  李淑菊  马德华  董金皋 《华北农学报》2003,18(2):74-77

在天津市及周边地区采集病株进行组织分离，同时分离到两类病原菌，经初步的生物学特性鉴定表明，引起黄瓜根腐病的主要病原菌为甜瓜疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌。经接种试验，认为甜瓜疫霉为主要致病菌。  相似文献