大豆抗食心虫研究进展     

孟凡钢  杨振宇  闫日红  王曙明  董岭超  姜兆生  王立辉 《大豆科技》2015,(3)

大豆食心虫是我国大豆主要虫害之一,每年均有发生,对大豆产量及品质造成了严重的影响。抗食心虫新品种培育,是解决食心虫危害最经济有效的防治方法。文章介绍了大豆食心虫危害特性、抗食心虫相关农艺性状和生理性状、抗食心虫的遗传机制、抗食心虫抗源的筛选和抗虫品种培育,旨在为大豆抗食心虫新品种培育提供参考。  相似文献   

马尾松人工林木材主要材性家系间的变异   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李清芸  林金国  卞丽萍  王晓娴  巫其荣 《西北林学院学报》2015,30(5):209-213

对25个家系马尾松人工林木材主要物理力学性能进行测定和比较分析。结果表明,马尾松人工林木材气干密度由大到小居前五位的家系依次为378、329、317、341、335,顺纹抗压强度值由大到小居前5位的家系依次是335、350、372、325、329;家系341和350马尾松人工林木材体积干缩系数和差异干缩均较小,尺寸性稳定均较好。方差分析表明,家系对马尾松人工林木材主要物理力学性能影响显著。多重比较分析表明,马尾松人工林木材气干密度、体积干缩系数、差异干缩以及顺纹抗压强度各家系间大都表现为差异显著或极显著。家系335、341、350、378可作为马尾松人工林木材品质选育的优良材料。  相似文献   

Overlooked impacts and challenges of the new European discard ban          下载免费PDF全文

Francesc Sardà  Marta Coll  Johanna J Heymans  Konstantinos I Stergiou 《Fish and Fisheries》2015,16(1):175-180

Discards are the portion of animal and plant material in the catch that is dumped back at sea. The Common Fisheries Policy plan proposed by the European Commission for 2014–2020 presents a controversial goal: to enforce the landing of fishing discards as a measure to encourage their reduction. This historical and political decision will shape the future of the fishing exploitation in European Seas. Discards generated by European fleets are not negligible, and its reduction is an ecological, socioeconomical and moral imperative. However, it must be achieved through the reduction in discards at source and the promotion of selective and non‐destructive gears. We argue it is doubtful that this discard ban will result in an effective reduction of discards. The proposed measure may, in fact, negatively affect ecosystems at all levels of biological hierarchy by disregarding the Ecosystem‐Based Approach to Fisheries and the Precautionary Principle. It could negatively impact several species by increasing fishing mortality, also commercial species if discards are not accounted in the total allowable catch. Communities preying on discards will likely be affected. The role discards currently play in the energy turnover of current ecosystems will be modified and should be fully evaluated. The landing of discards will likely generate new markets of fishmeal due to the growing demands for marine living resources. The ban will require substantial public investment to deal with technical problems on board and to control and enforce. Therefore, this measure should be only implemented after rigorous scientific and technical studies have been developed.  相似文献   

Alterations in host DNA methylation in response to constitutive expression of Hop stunt viroid RNA in Nicotiana benthamiana plants          下载免费PDF全文

M. Castellano  G. Martinez  V. Pallás  G. Gómez 《Plant pathology》2015,64(5):1247-1257

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生物质炭对砖红壤pH及养分含量影响研究     

潘凤娥  索龙  胡俊鹏  王小淇  季雅岚  罗晨诚  何秋香  朱治强 《热带作物学报》2015,35(9):25-29

为提高软木地板表面的物理性能,采用弹性漆对软木地板表面进行涂饰处理,研究不同弹性漆的涂漆量、油漆固化温度对软木地板表面耐磨、耐冲击性、表面色度学特性的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,软木地板表面漆膜具有优良的耐磨性、表面磨耗值随着弹性漆涂漆量的增加而降低,表面磨耗值为0.015 6～0.031 0 g/100 r;弹性漆对软木地板表面抗冲击改善幅度较大;油漆固化温度和涂漆量对软木地板表面颜色影响较小。  相似文献   

Does ‘race to fish’ behaviour emerge in an individual transferable quota fishery when the total allowable catch becomes non‐binding?     

Timothy J Emery  Klaas Hartmann  Bridget S Green  Caleb Gardner  John Tisdell 《Fish and Fisheries》2014,15(1):151-169

Successful individual transferable quota (ITQ) management requires a binding (constraining) total allowable catch (TAC). A non‐binding TAC may result in a shift back towards open access conditions, where fishers increasingly compete (‘race’) to catch their share of the total harvest. This process was examined by comparing fishing fleet behaviour and profitability in the Tasmanian southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery (TSRLF), Australia. Between 2008 and 2010, the TSRLF had a non‐binding TAC and effectively reverted to a regulated, limited‐entry fishery. Fishers' uncertainty about future profitability and their ability to take their allocated catch weakened the security characteristic of the ITQ allocation. The low quota lease price contributed to an increase in fleet capacity, while the more limited reduction in quota asset value proved an investment barrier, hindering the autonomous adjustment of quota towards the most efficient fishers. In the TSRLF, catch rates vary more than beach price and are therefore more important for determining daily revenue (i.e., price x catch rate) than market price. Consequently, fishers concentrated effort during times of higher catch rates rather than high market demand. This increased rent dissipation as fishers engaged in competitive race to fish to be the first to exploit the stock and obtain higher catch rates. The history of this fishery emphasizes the need for a constraining TAC in all ITQ fisheries, not only for stock management, but also to manage the security of the ITQ allocation and prevent unanticipated and undesirable changes in fisher behaviour and fishery profitability.  相似文献   

长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化参数及组织中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响     

董海波  王绍庆  贾媛媛  端木永前  陶诗煜  倪迎冬  张源淑  庄苏  沈向真  赵茹茜 《草业学报》2014,23(5):295-302

为了研究长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化指标和糖代谢的影响,选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康经产泌乳中期山羊,分别饲喂精粗比为40∶60 (low concentrate, LC,n=4) 和60∶40 (high concentrate, HC,n=4)的日粮。实验期共8周,实验期间采集瘤胃液,血液;实验结束时采集肝脏,肌肉,脂肪组织置于液氮速冻后于-70℃保存待测。结果显示,饲喂高精料日粮2周后山羊瘤胃液pH显著降低,采食后瘤胃液pH持续低于5.8超过3 h,8周后瘤胃液pH升高维持在6.0以上,但仍低于LC组山羊。与LC组山羊相比较,HC组山羊血液中葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸含量均升高(P<0.05,P=0.071),谷草转氨酶含量有上升的趋势(0.05相似文献   

日粮精粗比对活体外瘤胃发酵和烟酸、烟酰胺合成的影响     

赵芸君  孟庆翔  张俊瑜  高丽  姚芳 《中国畜牧兽医》2014,41(11):101-106

本试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对活体外瘤胃发酵和烟酸、烟酰胺合成的影响。以4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦阉公牛作为瘤胃液供体,选用淀粉、微晶纤维素、酪蛋白3种成分配制成相同粗蛋白质水平(13.5%,DM)和不同精粗比(30:70、50:50、70:30,DM)的3种纯合日粮作为发酵底物。应用人工瘤胃体外产气量法进行培养发酵并测定产气量、挥发酸及发酵液中烟酸、烟酰胺含量的变化。结果表明,提高日粮精粗比可极显著降低发酵液pH、乙酸/丙酸摩尔比、乙酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01),显著降低氨态氮浓度(L,P<0.05),但却极显著增加72 h产气量、总挥发酸浓度、丙酸和丁酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01)。随日粮精粗比的提高,瘤胃发酵液中总烟酸(烟酸+烟酰胺)、烟酰胺浓度在24和48 h均呈线性增加(L,0.050.10)。由此得出,日粮精粗比可改变活体外瘤胃发酵模式和影响瘤胃微生物合成总烟酸和烟酰胺,且随日粮精粗比的上升,瘤胃合成总烟酸、烟酰胺的数量呈线性增加趋势。  相似文献   

不同精粗比条件下添加支链氨基酸对绵羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响     

李晴  靳伟星  李晓  汪艳  张慧玲 《中国畜牧兽医》2014,41(9):81-88

本试验旨在利用体外发酵培养技术和正交试验设计研究在不同精粗比（20：80、40：60和60：40）条件下添加支链氨基酸（缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸）不同组合对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响,并对支链氨基酸间的组合效应进行分析以筛选在不同精粗比底物条件下支链氨基酸的最佳组合。结果表明,无论发酵底物精粗比如何,添加支链氨基酸对体外发酵pH、NDF降解率（NDFD）和乙酸/丙酸均无显著影响（P>0.05）,而DM降解率（DMD）在各组合间存在差异。当发酵底物精粗比为20：80时,3种氨基酸对氨态氮（NH₃-N）、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）的影响均具有组合效应（P<0.05）;其中异丁酸和戊酸水平随缬氨酸添加水平的增加而升高（P<0.01）;异戊酸水平则受亮氨酸和异亮氨酸添加水平的影响（P<0.05）。当发酵底物精粗比为40：60时,异丁酸水平随着缬氨酸添加水平增加而升高（P<0.01）;异戊酸浓度受3种支链氨基酸的影响（P<0.05）。当精粗比为60：40时,添加支链氨基酸主要影响异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸的水平;其中异丁酸主要受缬氨酸的影响（P<0.01）,异戊酸受亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的影响（P<0.01）,戊酸受缬氨酸和异亮氨酸的影响（P<0.05）。从异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸来看,添加3种氨基酸均表现出明显的组合效应（P<0.05）。综上所述,以DMD为指标,当发酵底物精粗比为20：80时,缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸的最佳添加水平为0.67、2.00、1.33 mmol/L;当底物精粗比为40：60和60：40时,无需额外添加3种支链氨基酸。  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci mapping of seed colour,hairy leaf,seedling anthocyanin,leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in F2 population of Brassica rapa L.     

Mukhlesur Rahman  Sujan Mamidi  Phillip McClean 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(3):381-389

A diversity arrays technology (DArT) map was constructed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting seed colour, hairy leaf, seedling anthocyanin, leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in Brassica rapa using a F₂ population from a cross between two parents with contrasting traits. Two genes with dominant epistatic interaction were responsible for seed colour. One major dominant gene controls the hairy leaf trait. Seedling anthocyanin was controlled by a major single dominant gene. The parents did not exhibit leaf chlorosis; however, 32% F₂ plants showed leaf chlorosis in the population. A distorted segregation was observed for days to flowering in the F₂ population. A linkage map was constructed with 376 DArT markers distributed over 12 linkage groups covering 579.7 cM. The DArT markers were assigned on different chromosomes of B. rapa using B. rapa genome sequences and DArT consensus map of B. napus. Two QTL (RSC1‐2 and RSC12‐56) located on chromosome A8 and chromosome A9 were identified for seed colour, which explained 19.4% and 18.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The seed colour marker located in the ortholog to Arabidopsis thaliana Transparent Testa2 (AtTT2). Two QTL RLH6‐0 and RLH9‐16 were identified for hairy leaf, which explained 31.6% and 20.7% phenotypic variation, respectively. A single QTL (RSAn‐12‐157) on chromosome A7, which explained 12.8% of phenotypic variation was detected for seedling anthocyanin. The seedling anthocyanin marker is found within the A. thaliana Transparent Testa12 (AtTT12) ortholog. A QTL (RLC6‐04) for leaf chlorosis was identified, which explained 55.3% of phenotypic variation. QTL for hairy leaf and leaf chlorosis were located 0–4 cM apart on the same chromosome A1. A single QTL (RDF‐10‐0) for days to flowering was identified, which explained 21.4% phenotypic variation.  相似文献