不同种植方式对大跨度外覆盖大棚番茄群体微环境及植株生长与产量和品质的影响     

余路明韩金磊  李胜利 《中国蔬菜》2020,1(2):45-51

以番茄品种罗拉为试材,设置5个处理,分别为:CK,定植密度33 300株·hm~(-2),留6穗果;T1,49 500株·hm~(-2),留4穗果;T2,66 000株·hm~(-2),留3穗果;T3,49 500株·hm~(-2),单株留2穗果与留6穗果相间;T4,66 000株·hm~(~(-2)),单株留2穗果与留4穗果相间,研究不同种植密度和留果方式对外保温覆盖大棚内番茄植株生长、产量、品质、群体微环境的影响。结果表明:T2和T1处理生育期平均温度、温度适宜度较高;T1和T3处理摘心前的叶片SPAD值显著高于对照;T1、T2处理的前期产量和总产量均显著高于对照;VC、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、番茄红素等果实品质以T1处理最优。综合产量、品质以及大棚内的温湿度和光照适宜度,T1处理种植风险较小,是外保温覆盖大棚中较为合适的种植方式。  相似文献   

亚精胺浸种对番茄种子萌发及幼苗高温抗性的影响     

王玉  刘国州  蔡溧聪  郭世荣 《中国蔬菜》2020,1(5):34-39

以番茄品种合作903为试验材料,设置0、0.1、0.2、0.4 mmol · L~(-1 )亚精胺(Spd)浸种10 h,研究不同浓度Spd浸种对番茄种子萌发、幼苗生长及高温抗性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度Spd浸种处理均能显著提高番茄种子的发芽指数和活力指数,幼苗地下部干质量和壮苗指数明显提高,其中0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd浸种处理发芽最快,活力指数最高。Spd浸种处理降低了高温胁迫下番茄叶片的相对电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)和H_2O_2含量,其中0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd处理的相对电解质渗透率、MDA和H_2O_2含量最低;抗氧化酶(SOD、APX、DHAR)活性增加,并在0.2 mmol · L~(-1)时达到最大值。综上,0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd浸种能有效促进番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长,提高番茄幼苗高温抗性。  相似文献   

小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响     

杨凡  米国全  唐艳领  史艳艳  牛莉莉  赵秀山  史宣杰  马凯  程雨彤 《中国瓜菜》2020,(4):50-55

为了充分利用农业废弃物小麦秸秆,进行草炭替代性育苗基质原料的研发,实现农业资源循环化利用和生态可持续发展。以番茄‘毛粉802’为材料,通过小麦秸秆腐熟物、草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩4种基质原料及1种生物菌肥进行不同体积配比处理,研究不同配比的小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长指标、叶片色素及荧光指标、幼苗叶片理化性质指标、基质生物指标和理化性质的影响,探究适合番茄幼苗生长的小麦秸秆复合育苗基质配方。利用灰色关联法对19项指标进行综合分析。结果表明,V腐熟小麦秸秆∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩∶V生物菌肥=6∶2.5∶1∶0.5番茄幼苗表现最好,而番茄幼苗在纯小麦秸秆腐熟物上的生长量远远低于其他处理,番茄幼苗的表现最差。  相似文献   

一种基于RPA的番茄褪绿病毒检测方法     

宋建  薛俊  孙海波  王姝  金凤媚 《植物保护》2020,46(4):168-170

番茄褪绿病毒Tomato chlorosis virus(ToCV)引起番茄褪绿病毒病,给番茄生产造成严重危害。开发快速准确的检测方法对该病害的防控具有重要意义。利用番茄褪绿病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列,设计特异性引物,建立了ToCV的重组酶聚合酶等温扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA)检测方法,同时分析了该方法的灵敏度和特异性。结果表明,建立的ToCV-RPA方法在38℃恒温下40 min可从ToCV阳性的番茄样品中扩增出246 bp的特异性条带。扩增时间短,对设备要求低,且与番茄其他病毒无交叉反应,特异性好,灵敏度可达到PCR方法的10倍,适用于ToCV的快速检测。  相似文献   

9种杀虫剂对番茄潜叶蛾的防治效果评价     

阿米热·牙生江  阿地力·沙塔尔  付开赟  丁新华  何江  吐尔逊·阿合买提  郭文超  李晓维 《新疆农业科学》2020,57(12):2291-2298

【目的】 筛选应急防控番茄潜叶蛾的绿色、高效农药,为防止进一步扩散为害提供指导。【方法】 选择9种内吸性杀虫剂,分2个浓度梯度,总计在田间设置18个药剂处理和1个清水对照,在药后1、3、7和14 d调查虫口,计算虫口减退率及防效,筛选绿色高效的农药及最佳药剂浓度。【结果】 60 mL /667m²的6%阿维·氯苯酰SC、42 mL /667m²24%甲氧虫酰肼SC、7.5 mL/667m²的20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 3种药剂对番茄潜叶蛾的防治效果和虫口减退率均在90%以上,后两者在后期效果最为明显,具有持效性。3种药剂在药后14 d防效分别为93.6%、93.16%和93.72%,虫口减退率分别为91.20%,90.59%和91.36%。37.5 mL /667m²的0.3%印楝素EW在整个过程防效最低,药后14 d防效为38.04%,其减退率仅为14.79%。【结论】 轮换使用60 mL/667m²的阿维·氯苯酰SC、42 mL /667m² 24%甲氧虫酰肼SC、7.5 mL /667m²的20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC在生产上。  相似文献   

不同时段补光对日光温室番茄营养与风味品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柳帆红  肖雪梅  郁继华  吕剑  胡琳莉  魏守辉  唐中祺  罗石磊  钟源 《西北农业学报》2020,30(4):570-578

在日光温室基质栽培条件下,以‘粉太郎’番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)为试验材料,采用红蓝光配比为7∶2的LED灯作为光源,设置3个不同补光时段,分别为揭帘前补光5 h(T1)、盖帘后补光5 h(T2)、揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h(T3),以不补光为对照(CK),研究了不同时段补光对番茄成熟果实总产量、糖酸组分及番茄红素质量分数的影响。结果表明,补光能够显著增加番茄果实总产量,与对照相比,揭帘前补光5 h、盖帘后补光5 h、揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h分别增加4.23%、12.91%、16.63%;揭帘前补光5 h显著增加番茄果实中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和总糖及番茄红素质量分数,分别为40.48%、53.33%、66.66%、47.25%和31.52%,而柠檬酸、苹果酸、有机酸质量分数差异不显著,从而显著增加番茄果实中糖酸比;盖帘后补光5 h和揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h分别显著降低番茄果实中蔗糖和果糖质量分数,而总糖、苹果酸、酒石酸、糖酸比及番茄红素质量分数差异不显著。不同时段补光处理的番茄果实糖酸各组分及番茄红素之间存在一定相关性,其中果糖、葡萄糖和总糖质量分数两两之间呈极显著正相关,柠檬酸和有机酸质量分数呈显著正相关,酒石酸与果糖、葡萄糖和总糖质量分数呈极显著正相关,与蔗糖质量分数呈显著正相关;番茄红素质量分数与总糖、各糖组分、苹果酸质量分数呈显著正相关。因此,揭帘前补光5 h可显著增加番茄果实的总产量,同时有利于促进番茄果实各糖酸组分质量分数的积累,从而提高番茄果实中总糖、有机酸质量分数和糖酸比,且增加番茄果实中番茄红素的质量分数,进而提高番茄营养与风味品质。  相似文献   

几种番茄病毒病的症状识别特征与防治策略     

李英梅  刘晨  王周平  张伟兵  陈志杰 《现代农业科技》2020,(12)

本文简述了番茄斑萎病毒病、番茄黄化曲叶病毒病、番茄褪绿病毒病、番茄花叶型病毒病、番茄蕨叶型病毒病5种主要番茄病毒病的症状识别特征。提出加强植物检疫、选用抗病品种、诱虫板与防虫网联用、切断人为传播和昆虫传播途径、调整定植期、清洁田园环境、合理选择杀虫剂进行杀虫控病等防治策略和防治措施,为番茄产业绿色发展提供了建议和参考。  相似文献   

百香果番茄复合果酒的工艺研究     

李慧芸  李蒙蒙 《现代农业科技》2020,(22)

以百香果和番茄为主要原料,对百香果番茄复合果酒的加工工艺进行了研究。结果表明,最佳的工艺参数为：百香果番茄汁液(V:V)1:2、初始糖度23.0 °Bx、酵母添加量0.25%、发酵温度22 ℃。这四种因素对百香果番茄复合果酒影响的主次顺序为百香果番茄汁V:V >酵母添加量>发酵温度>初始糖度。百香果番茄复合果酒的成品指标为：酒度10.4 °(V%),残糖4.9%,pH值为4.3,呈柠檬黄色,清澈透明无悬浮物、果香酒香浓郁、丰满爽口有新鲜感。  相似文献   

Discrimination of ‘San Marzano’ accessions: A comparison of minisatellite, CAPS and SSR markers in relation to morphological traits     

Martina Caramante  Rosa Rao  Luigi Maria Monti  Giandomenico Corrado   《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,120(4):560-564

‘San Marzano’ (SM) is one of the most widely known tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, and is a classic example of a local variety with a premium value. Unfortunately, the original cultivated form is underrepresented in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) area because of the incidence of contaminant and phenotypically similar genotypes. Our aim was to examine the ability of three DNA marker systems (minisatellite, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)) to reveal the genetic diversity of tomato accessions that were, based on a morphological analysis, very similar. The data indicate that both minisatellites and SSRs can be used to genetically distinguish the analysed materials. Furthermore, these two marker systems depict relationships consistent with the hierarchal pattern obtained by the morphological data. As locally cultivated tomato accessions are often characterised by some degree of genetic variability, our results will be valuable in facilitating the purification, management and breeding of tomato germplasms. The differences between the marker systems employed are also discussed in relation to their usefulness in the agro-food chain.  相似文献   

Resistance of 57 greenhouse-grown accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum and three cultivars to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)     

Fabrício Alves Oliveira  Derly José Henriques da Silva  Germano Leão Demolin Leite  Gulab Newandram Jham  Marcelo Picanço 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate resistance to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by antixenosis on 57 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. accessions from the Horticultural Germplasm Bank (HGB) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa and by the three commercial cultivars (Santa Clara, Moneymaker and TOM-601) under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Infestations with T. absoluta adults were performed weekly and the following characteristics were evaluated: number of small, large and total mines/leaf and % of leaves mined at days 60, 75 and 90 after planting. Low infestation occurred at days 60 and 75 but at day 90, infestation was sufficient to evaluate insect damage. Based on these data it was concluded that only accessions HGB-674 and HGB-1497 appeared to be the most promising. In addition, to determine possible chemical causes of resistance, hexane extracts were analyzed at day 90 by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the major peaks identified by a mass spectral database using similarity index. Nine hydrocarbons, viz., hexadecane, heptadecane, eicosane, tricosane, 2-methyltricosane, tetracosane, hexacosane, octacosane and triacontane were identified in the hexane extracts in many samples. Tricosane, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant correlations with the leaves mined. Only tricosane presented a negative correlation with the number of small mines (r = −0.28), total number of mines (r = −0.27) and % of leaves mined (r = −0.22). However, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant positive correlations (r = 0.25 and 0.24, respectively) with the % of leaves mined.  相似文献