Hazard tree liability in the United States: Uncertain risks for owners and professionals     

Michael J. Mortimer  Brian Kane 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2004,2(3):159-165

The liability United States (U.S.) tree owners face from hazardous trees on their private properties has and continues to undergo a transformation. The traditional common law legal test focused upon whether a tree owner had acted to create a hazardous condition on the property. The modern trend is towards a test that imposes greater responsibility and greater uncertainty on tree owners and arborists. Abandoning the natural/artificial distinction, the modern test, adopted in half the U.S. jurisdictions, imposes general principles of negligence on tree owners. This paper discusses the U.S. legal context for hazardous trees, particularly the impacts on individual tree owners. It closes by addressing various practical means to minimize the risks associated with the modern legal standards, both for susceptible tree owners, and for professionals assessing the subject property.  相似文献   

我国部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离株ORF5基因的遗传变异分析     

李和平吴发兴  郑忠屹李晓成陈德坤  黄保续 《中国动物检疫》2005,22(10):23-26

参考Genbank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PKRSV）ATCC VR-2332的ORF5基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物．对来自福建、浙江、山东等地的PRRSV分离毒株进行RT-PCR扩增．获得约748bp的DNA片断，将其分别克隆入pMD18-T载体中，并进行测序。应用DNAStar软件分析所测序列，并与ATCCVR-2332、CH-1a、MLV、Lv等毒株的ORF5序列进行比较，结果表明：SHDl与F114、MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性高达98．5％，与CH-1a同源性为91．0％，与其它毒株同源性为86．6％~88．4％；F114与MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性为99．3％～99．7％．其余分离毒株在遗传关系上和CH-1a又分为明显的两个群．显示近年来各地PRRSV分离毒株与cH-1a株的遗传差异越来越大。  相似文献   

火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱迎迎  高兆银  李敏  陈亮  胡美姣 《热带作物学报》2016,37(1):164-171

采用形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列、EF-1α序列比对和系统发育树分析的方法对引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌进行鉴定,并初步研究其生物学特性。结果表明:引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病是单隔镰刀菌(Fusarium dimerum Penzig in Saccardo),这是该菌引起火龙果果腐病在国内的首次报道。该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度25~35℃,最适温度30℃,适宜产孢温度25~35℃,最适产孢温度30~35℃,致死温度75℃(10 min);适宜pH5~9,最适pH7,最适产孢pH4;连续光照、D-果糖为碳源、牛肉膏和蛋白胨为氮源时最有利于该菌菌丝生长;完全黑暗、D-半乳糖为碳源、尿素为氮源时最有利于该菌产孢。综合分析认为,该菌耐高温,光照充足、弱酸和富含有机营养的环境有利于该菌的生长和繁殖。  相似文献   

黑木耳简单快速组织分离新法     

李晓  孟秀秀  代月婷  黎倩  黄兵  胡欣 《中国食用菌》2014,(6):11-12

利用酒精、镊子对黑木耳耳片进行组织分离,方法方便、快捷,分离成功率100%。  相似文献   

Persimmon breeding in Japan for pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA) type with marker-assisted selection     

Akihiko Sato  Masahiko Yamada 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):60-68

Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These cultivars are classified into four groups based on their natural astringency loss on the tree and seed formation: pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA), pollination-variant non-astringent (PVNA), pollination-constant astringent (PCA), and pollination-variant astringent (PVA). PCNA is the most desirable type because the fruit can be eaten without any postharvest treatment; therefore, one of the goals of our persimmon breeding programs is to release superior PCNA cultivars. The PCNA genotype is recessive to the other three non-PCNA genotypes, and PCNA-type F₁ offspring are obtained exclusively from crosses among PCNA genotypes. Moreover, the number of superior PCNA cross-parents have been limited. In the late 1980s, inbreeding depression became obvious, especially in terms of fruit size, tree vigor, and productivity. To mitigate the inbreeding, a backcross program using PCNA [(non-PCNA × PCNA) × PCNA] was started in 1990. This process, however, was inefficient because only 15% of the offspring were PCNA, and all offspring had to be grown to the fruiting stage. Therefore, molecular markers linked to the PCNA locus were developed for discriminating PCNA offspring. A molecular marker linked to Chinese PCNA has also been developed.  相似文献   

吴忠市利通区西瓜果斑病的发生及防控措施     

金明  赵志伟  高玉凤  杨宁生 《宁夏农林科技》2014,(8):33-34

详细介绍了利通区西瓜果斑病的发生、危害症状及发生前后宜采取的各种防控措施及预防措施。  相似文献   

原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王建宇  王庆贵  闫国永  姜思领  刘博奇  邢亚娟 《北京林业大学学报》2017,39(4):21-28

本文通过野外控制试验，设置4个梯度的施氮处理，分别为对照(CK，不加氮)、低氮(T_L，5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(T_M，10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(T_H，15 g/(m2·a))，研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明，枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势；臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制，其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡；花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应，可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现，各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性，可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明，氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率，可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。   相似文献   

CITES公约中云南濒危管制木材树种资源概述     

甘昌涛  邱坚 《西南林学院学报》2011,(5):72-74

根据CITES公约附录保护与管制木材种类名录，对云南处于濒危管制的木材树种资源现状进行研究。结果表明，全省被列入CITES公约的木材共有8种（类），其中附录Ⅱ有5种（类），附录Ⅲ有3种（类）。  相似文献   

木工平刨床安全事故浅析     

朱劭涌  朱永丰 《林业机械与木工设备》2011,39(7)

以木工平刨伤手为顶上事件,利用事故树法进行评价,提出有针对性的预防措施,对安全生产可起到积极的作用。  相似文献   

帽儿山地区脂松种源试验林生长指标分析     

王付刚 《防护林科技》2017,(5)

引进优良的外来树种可以丰富本国或本地区林业建设的树种资源,增加木材产量和林产品的种类。通过对引进的美国东部7个脂松种源进行试验,得出更适宜栽植区的种源。在树高方面,较好的4个种源依次为MIDC(Dickenson County,Michigan)、MNCNF(Chippewa National Forest,Minnesota)、MIMC(Manistee County,Michigan)和WIOC(Oneida County,Wisconsin);2004年高生长较好的4个种源依次为WIOC、MIDC、MIMC和MNCNF;2005年高生长较好的4个种源依次为MIDC、MIMC、MNCNF和WIOC;地径较好的4个种源依次为MIDC、WIOC、MIMC、MNCNF。该4个种源间各项生长指标差异不显著;在保存率方面,7个种源间差异不明显。  相似文献