奶牛秸秆型日粮矿物质营养水平评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈志伟  丁忠锋  陈凯 《中国奶牛》2002,(3):12-14

对淄博地区奶牛营养两次调查过程中,发现秸杆型日粮饲喂的奶牛可能存在矿物质缺乏问题。针对这一问题,测定日粮中钙、磷、铜、锰、铁、锌和奶牛血液中铜、锰、铁、锌元素的浓度,用以评价秸杆型日粮奶牛矿物质营养水平。结果表明:①秸杆型日粮存在矿物质营养不平衡问题,锰、锌元素不足,铁元素过剩。②秸杆型日粮矿物质营养具有互补作用。③评价奶牛矿物质营养水平的手段有待改进。  相似文献   

Genetic variation in bitter pit and fruit calcium concentrations within a diverse apple germplasm collection     

Richard K. Volz  Peter A. Alspach  David J. Fletcher  Ian B. Ferguson 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):1-10

Summary Genetic variability in the apple [Malus] fruit disorder bitter pit and fruit calcium concentrations ([Ca]) was determined in 25 seedling families at each of two sites from 1999 to 2000 and again for one site, in 2001. Most trees were free of pit or had low pit incidence, which could be approximated by an over-dispersed binomial distribution. A genetic component to external and internal pit incidence was found across both sites and all years. This effect was irrespective of the use of several cropping factors, average fruit weight or fruit mineral concentrations as covariates in the analyses. Year and/or site always had substantial effects on pit incidence. Interactions of genetic effects with site or year were also detected with large differences in mean pit incidence between sites or years for some families but not others. No relationship was found between mean family pit incidence and mean family [Ca] or mean family harvest date. However fruit [Ca] and harvest date were usually important predictors of within-family variation in pit incidence. For any one seedling, family had the largest effect on bitter pit incidence followed by site and [Ca] and the smallest effect was that of harvest date. [Ca] showed a strong genetic component and estimated family means of [Ca] were consistent at different sites and years. These results suggest that susceptibility of apple genotypes to bitter pit in breeding programmes may be best assessed through screening across multiple sites and seasons. Fruit [Ca] might be useful as an indirect selection index for bitter pit within, but not among families.  相似文献   

Forage Chicory: A Plant Resource for Nutrient-Rich Sites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. A. Alloush  D. P. Belesky  W. M. Clapham 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(2):96-104

Grazing livestock create localized nutrient patches that increase soil ionic strength (IS) and influence plant productivity. The ability of plant root systems to control ion absorption and flux to xylem, and to sequester ions reaching leaf tissue in bound, nontoxic forms are means of minimizing IS. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the growth and mineral acquisition responses of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Grasslands Puna) to increasing (0.9, 4, 8, and 12 dS m^?1) IS in the rhizosphere obtained by additions of NaCl/CaCl₂ (1 : 1 m ratio). Plants were harvested four times after planting (20, 27, 34 and 41 d) to identify responses as a function of time. Increased accumulation and localization of Na in roots in comparison to shoots suggested that chicory restricted Na transport to shoots, and that insoluble Na in tissues increased with increasing IS. Soluble cations in shoots were about 50 % of total cations, irrespective of rhizosphere IS and Na uptake. Differences in the cation:anion ratio could not be accounted for by organic acid concentrations in chicory, but substantial accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates as fructans in roots could contribute to charge balance. Our results demonstrate that forage chicory has moderate tolerance to IS, suggesting that it might be a useful species for sites with potential for IS. Chicory growth would probably be sustained under IS conditions, and the resultant vigorous growth and accumulation of mineral nutrients in shoots would contribute to acceptable nutritive value for grazing livestock. Plants capable of growing in and acquiring nutrients from nutrient‐laden patches in the sward would help minimize erosion and nutrient transport, with positive benefits for water and soil quality.  相似文献   

Sulphate Attack Resistance of the Concrete with Additives and Its Assessment     

YE Jian - xiong  YANG Chang - hui  ZHOU Xi  CHEN Ke 《保鲜与加工》2006,(4):118-120

The influence of three kinds of additives: silica fume,slag and fly ash on the sulphate attack resistance of concrete were studied.The experiment results show that these three kinds of additives can improve sulphate attack resistance of the concrete and the order of their efficiency from high to low is silica fume,slag and fly ash;the development of mortar expansion value is closely related to the degree of sulphate attack resistance of the concrete;integrated assessing two concrete properties: mortar expansion value and compressive strength ratio can more exactly assess the sulphate attack resistance of the concrete.  相似文献   

土壤通气性对甘薯养分吸收、~(14)C同化物分配及产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

史春余  王振林  郭风法  余松烈 《核农学报》2002,16(4):232-236

选用鲁薯 7号和徐薯 1 8为材料 ,研究了土壤通气性对甘薯无机养分吸收、14 C 同化物分配和块根产量的影响。结果表明 :改善土壤的通气性可以增加叶片中钾、钙、锰、硼和锌的含量 ,增加块根中钾和钙的含量 ,减少块根中锰、硼和锌的含量 ,促进14 C 同化物由叶片向块根的运转和分配 ,提高块根中淀粉含量 ,极显著地提高了块根的产量。本文讨论了矿质元素在促进14 C 同化物由叶片向块根运输中的作用  相似文献   

分蘖期土壤水分对早稻矿质养分吸收的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵全志高桐梅  宁慧峰殷春渊 吕强 《水土保持学报》2005,19(6):90-93

在池栽条件下研究了不同水分处理对早稻吸收氮磷钾及分蘖生产效率的影响。结果表明：土壤水分对早稻吸收N、P、K矿质元素有明显影响。随着土壤水分含量的提高，植株对矿质元素的吸收量显著提高。在分蘖初期，65％水分处理的植株对N、P、K的吸收量分别只有100％的74．1％，43．9％和50．8％，而在分蘖后期，则分别只有100％的41．4％，18．6％和27．5％。早稻矿质元素的分蘖生产效率以在85％土壤含水量时最高，其N、P、K的平均分蘖生产效率分别比100％高35．7％，140％和81．8％。平均分蘖生产效率表现为P〉K〉N。  相似文献   

Growth and Nutritional Disorders of Eggplant Cultivated in Nutrients Solutions with Suppressed Macronutrients     

Rilner Alves Flores  Bernardo Melo Montes Nogueira Borges  Hilário Júnior Almeida  Renato De Mello Prado 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(7):1097-1109

The objective was to evaluate the effects of omitting macronutrients in the nutrients solution on growth characteristics and nutritional status of eggplants. The treatments were complete nutrients solution and solutions with nutrient omission: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions with three replicates in a completely random design. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, dry matter, concentration levels of macronutrients in plant aerial part and root system, and nutritional disorders were evaluated. Omitting elements interfered in the concentration of elements in the various plant tissues and this had as consequences limited vegetative growth, reduced dry matter and led to the development of the typical deficiency symptoms of each element. Although potassium was the most demanded of all elements, nitrogen and calcium were the most growth limiting ones.  相似文献   

氮肥施用对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素表观损失的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

CUI Zhen-Ling  CHEN Xin-Ping  LI Jun-Liang  XU Jiu-Fei  SHI Li-Wei  ZHANG Fu-Suo 《土壤圈》2006,16(6):806-812

Excessive nitrogen （N） fertilizer application to winter wheat is a common problem on the North China Plain. To determine the optimum fertilizer N rate for winter wheat production while minimizing N losses, field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons at eight sites, in Huimin County, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The optimum N rate for maximum grain yield was inversely related to the initial soil mineral N content （Nmin） in the top 90 cm of the soil profile before sowing. There was no yield response to the applied N at the three sites with high initial soil mineral N levels （average 212 kg N ha^-1）. The average optimum N rate was 96 kg N ha^-1 for the five sites with low initial soil Nmin （average 155 kg N ha^-1） before sowing. Residual nitrate N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile after harvest increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate. The apparent N losses during the wheat-growing season also increased with increasing N application rate. The average apparent N losses with the optimum N rates were less than 15 kg N ha^-1, whereas the farmers＇ conventional N application rate resulted in losses of more than 100 kg N ha^-1. Therefore, optimizing N use for winter wheat considerably reduced N losses to the environment without compromising crop yields.  相似文献   

Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yuncai Hu  Urs Schmidhalter 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(4):541-549

The increasing frequency of dry periods in many regions of the world and the problems associated with salinity in irrigated areas frequently result in the consecutive occurrence of drought and salinity on cultivated land. Currently, 50% of all irrigation schemes are affected by salinity. Nutrient disturbances under both drought and salinity reduce plant growth by affecting the availability, transport, and partitioning of nutrients. However, drought and salinity can differentially affect the mineral nutrition of plants. Salinity may cause nutrient deficiencies or imbalances, due to the competition of Na⁺ and Cl^– with nutrients such as K⁺, Ca²⁺, and NO . Drought, on the other hand, can affect nutrient uptake and impair acropetal translocation of some nutrients. Despite contradictory reports on the effects of nutrient supply on plant growth under saline or drought conditions, it is generally accepted that an increased nutrient supply will not improve plant growth when the nutrient is already present in sufficient amounts in the soil and when the drought or salt stress is severe. A better understanding of the role of mineral nutrients in plant resistance to drought and salinity will contribute to an improved fertilizer management in arid and semi‐arid areas and in regions suffering from temporary drought. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on plant nutrition under drought and salinity conditions. Specific topics include: (1) the effects of drought and salt stress on nutrient availability, uptake, transport, and accumulation in plants, (2) the interactions between nutrient supply and drought‐ or salt‐stress response, and (3) means to increase nutrient availability under drought and salinity by breeding and molecular approaches.  相似文献   

9种壳斗科树种坚果3种矿质元素及Vc含量分析          下载免费PDF全文

马冬雪  刘仁林 《林业科学研究》2011,24(2):253-255

壳斗科(Fagaceae)主要分布在亚洲东南部,全球约900种。我国大多数地区通常把壳斗科植物的坚果都称为橡实,有些省区仅将栎属(Qucercus L.)树种的坚果称之为橡实,而李世华等认为橡实又叫橡子;显然,橡实或橡子均指壳斗科植物的坚果。  相似文献