A faster inoculation assay for Armillaria using herbaceous plants     

Kathryn L. Ford  Béatrice Henricot  Kendra Baumgartner  Andy M. Bailey 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(1):39-47

Armillaria (honey fungus) is a virulent necrotrophic pathogen that causes Armillaria root disease. Conventional Armillaria inoculation assays use young saplings as hosts and consequently are cumbersome, frequently conducted outdoors, and take many years from establishment to analysis of infection. We have developed and evaluated a faster inoculation assay for Armillaria that uses herbaceous plants as hosts, is carried out in controlled conditions, and reduces experimental durations to 3 months. Plant species of known susceptibility to Armillaria and comparisons between virulent A. mellea and opportunistic A. gallica were used to validate the assay. Mortality and diagnostic symptoms of Armillaria root disease such as epiphytic rhizomorphs and mycelial fans were used to assess levels of infection. We also attempted to reduce assay preparation time by substituting woody inocula with agar inocula, but typical symptoms of Armillaria root disease were only observed on plants infected with woody inocula. Through our assay, we identified five new potential herbaceous hosts of Armillaria: Kniphofia hirsuta, Hordeum vulgare, Lobelia cardinalis, Nicotiana tabacum and Helenium hoopesii – further expanding the extensive list of plants with susceptibility to Armillaria and suggesting infection of herbaceous species may be more widespread than currently acknowledged.  相似文献   

苹果种质资源枝干轮纹病抗性评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

侯珲  张恒涛  周增强  王丽  阎振立  王生荣 《园艺学报》2017,44(8):1559-1568

将田间自然发病抗性鉴定法与利用苹果轮纹病菌ZZ26人工接种枝条鉴定法相结合,对189份栽培种苹果种质资源进行了苹果轮纹病综合抗性鉴定,并根据抗病性鉴定结果对其进行抗病类型分类和评价。结果表明:不同苹果种质资源抗病性表现存在差异,但参试种质中未发现免疫种质。通过人工接种,189份苹果种质资源的抗病类型可分为:高抗(16个);中抗(75个);中感(81个);高感(17个)。通过田间调查,2012年得到抗病类型3种,即高抗(144个);中抗(44个);中感(1个)。2013年同样是3个抗病类型:高抗(14个);中抗(162个);中感(13个)。两年调查均无高感品种。2017年再次调查,结果显示田间调查与人工接种鉴定结果有随种植年限增加一致率逐渐提高的趋势,2012年为13.23%,2013年为38.62%,2017年则超过一半,达到57.14%。经过综合抗性筛选,最终得到表现一致性较好的高抗种质2份:北之幸和秦冠。  相似文献   

荞麦轮纹病抗性鉴定方法的建立及荞麦抗病种质资源的筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢文洁  李春花  王艳青  孙道旺  尹桂芳  何成兴  王莉花 《中国农学通报》2017,33(12):98-102

为建立荞麦轮纹病的抗性鉴定方法和筛选可利用的抗轮纹病的荞麦种质资源,本研究以TP2和KP14为供试材料,在健康荞麦叶片正面针刺处理,然后用荞麦轮纹病的病原菌菌饼进行接种;利用建立的抗性鉴定方法,对50份荞麦种质资源进行抗病性评价。结果显示:针刺5针接种叶片病斑出现较快,且比针刺1针、针刺3针的叶片病斑大,针刺5针的病情指数最高。50份荞麦种质资源的病情指数有差异,其中YZ-18的病情指数为29.63,为高抗种质资源,YZ-2、YZ-5、YZ-13和YZ-9的病情指数均低于40,为中抗种质资源,其余为感病种质资源。因此,接种前叶片正面针刺5针的方法为最佳的抗性鉴定方法。50份抗性评价的荞麦种质资源中,筛选出5份抗病种质资源。  相似文献   

不同种植密度对夏玉米品种株型及产量性状的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张凤启  丁勇  张君  赵霞  马智艳  赵发欣  唐保军 《中国农学通报》2017,33(35):12-17

为了阐述不同玉米品种株型及产量性状对密度响应,以目前生产上广泛种植的6个品种（‘郑单958’、‘先玉335’、‘伟科702’、‘浚单20’、‘金海5号’、‘利民33’）为材料,研究4个种植密度(60000、90000、112500、127500株/hm2)下不同品种株型和产量性状的变化。结果表明：6个品种棒三叶面积及茎粗系数均随着密度增加而减小,但减小幅度在不同品种或不同叶位存在差异。产量构成因素如穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数和千粒重随着密度增加而减小。4个种植密度中,‘金海5号’、‘伟科702’、‘郑单958’在密度为90000株/hm2时产量为最高;其他3个品种随密度增加,产量降低。回归分析发现在10个已知影响玉米产量因素中,穗粒数对产量的直接影响最大,其次为行粒数。此结果为玉米品种选育和生产上高效栽培提供理论依据。  相似文献   

我国玉米茎腐病研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘春来 《中国农学通报》2017,33(30):130-134

玉米茎腐病是一种世界性土传真菌病害,该病害在我国玉米产区均有发生。近年来,受耕作制度（如保护性耕作、秸秆还田等）的改变和气候变化的影响,生产中使用的高抗茎腐病的玉米品种不多等因素,致使田间病原菌数量增加,我国玉米茎腐病有逐渐加重的趋势。针对玉米茎腐病危害逐年加重的现状,本文系统综述了玉米茎腐病致病菌、发病症状表现、病情分级标准、病害侵染规律、抗性鉴定评价方法等方面的研究进展情况,并提出了玉米茎腐病的防治策略。  相似文献   

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Italian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains suggests the evolution of local endemic populations of the pathogen and does not correlate with race distribution     

P. Bella  C. Moretti  G. Licciardello  C. P. Strano  A. Pulvirenti  S. Alaimo  M. Zaccardelli  F. Branca  R. Buonaurio  J. G. Vicente  V. Catara 《Plant pathology》2019,68(2):278-287

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in Brassicaceae. It is widespread in Italy and severe outbreaks occur under conditions that favour disease development. In this study a multilocus sequence typing approach (MLST) based on the partial sequence of seven loci was applied to a selection of strains representative of the main areas of cultivation and hosts. The aim was to investigate whether the long tradition of brassica crops in Italy has influenced the evolution of different Xcc populations. All loci were polymorphic; 14 allelic profiles were identified of which 13 were unique to Italian strains. Based on the seven loci, the most common genotype within the Italian Xcc strains (AP1) was also the most representative genotype found in worldwide Xcc strains. This genotype was included in a new clonal complex in addition to three other clonal complexes already identified in Xcc populations. The phylogenetic reconstruction using a concatenated dataset of four conserved protein-coding genes, dnaK, fuyA, gyrB and rpoD, showed that the Italian strains belonged to two genetic groups. Physiological races were also investigated for the first time in Italy. The race structure of Xcc was determined by inoculating eight differential Brassica lines belonging to five species and showed that, in Italy, race 4 is the most widespread, followed by races 1 and 6. No correlation was found between allelic profiles, host of isolation, geographical origin and races, although a prevalent race was identified within the same clonal complex.  相似文献   

6种梨果实对轮纹病的抗性差异及4种杀菌剂对轮纹病菌的抑菌作用     

张璐  刘奇志  张国珍 《植物保护》2019,45(4):224-228

由葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea引起的梨轮纹病是梨生产中重要的真菌性病害,主要造成树势早衰和果实腐烂,严重影响梨的产量和品质。本研究选取市售的6个品种的梨果实,用分离自梨枝干的轮纹病菌进行了离体果实接种,测定不同品种果实对梨轮纹病的抗性差异。接种后6 d,按照病斑直径从大到小的顺序,品种排序依次为‘丰水梨’>‘南果梨’>‘库尔勒香梨’>‘皇冠梨’>‘雪花梨’>‘砀山酥梨’,随病斑减小抗性依次增强。测定了4种杀菌剂对梨轮纹病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用,结果表明,咯菌腈、氟啶胺和咪鲜胺对梨轮纹病菌的菌丝生长有很强的抑制作用,EC 50分别为0.010 3、0.022 4μg/mL和0.034 3μg/mL;代森锰锌的EC 50为3.860 7μg/mL,也有较好的抑菌效果。本试验结果为了解不同梨品种对轮纹病的抗性及杀菌剂的选用提供了依据,具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

茉莉酸甲酯调控防御酶活性诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

盘柳依  赵显阳  陈明  付永琦  向妙莲  陈金印 《植物保护》2019,45(1):75-80

以‘金魁’猕猴桃果实为试验材料,研究茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)调控防御酶活性抗猕猴桃采后软腐病的效应。测定了MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病病斑直径、软腐病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea抑菌作用及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)等防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:在0.001～10 mmol/L浓度范围内,MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病菌B.dothidea的抑制作用随浓度升高而增强;MeJA对猕猴桃果实最佳诱导浓度和熏蒸时间分别为0.1 mmol/L和24 h,其诱导效果分别为26.01%和26.85%;猕猴桃果实经0.1 mmol/L MeJA熏蒸处理24 h后,SOD、POD、CAT、APX和PPO活性提高,其中SOD和POD活性分别较对照增加33.85%和61.61%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。以上结果暗示MeJA诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病可能与其提高防御酶活性有关。  相似文献   

豌豆根腐病研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张丽娟  王昶  闵庚梅  杨晓明 《植物保护》2019,45(4):82-90

根腐病是豌豆根部的重要病害之一,在世界各地豌豆产区均有发生,是制约豌豆产业持续健康发展的因素之一。世界上尚未发现对根腐病完全免疫的豌豆品种,防治方法主要以农业防治和化学防治为主。本文从豌豆根腐病的发生与分布、病原菌的分类及特点、抗性鉴定及评价标准、种质资源、分子标记及防治策略等方面对国内外豌豆根腐病研究现状进行综述。并提出抗病育种和未来豌豆根腐病综合防治的研究方向。  相似文献   

魔芋软腐病病原菌TaqMan荧光探针PCR技术的建立及应用     

卢美欢  李利军  马英辉  王晓兵  郭邦利  王晓娥 《植物保护学报》2019,46(5):1100-1109

为实现对田间土壤软腐病病原菌的定量检测,基于魔芋软腐病优势病原菌胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum的FyuA基因序列,设计特异性引物PCC1/PCC2/PCC3,建立TaqMan荧光探针实时荧光定量PCR技术,并对魔芋根系土壤中软腐病病原菌进行动态监测。结果显示:基于FyuA基因序列设计的引物特异性好,仅能特异性检出胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种;当模拟带菌土壤中病原菌浓度低至1.88 CFU/g时也能检出,灵敏度高;发病魔芋根际土壤中软腐病病原菌检出率为100.00%,病原菌DNA浓度最高达到了7.52×10~7ng/μL,健康魔芋根际土壤中也存在病原菌,检出率为40.00%;不同种植模式中,林下魔芋土壤中软腐病病原菌数量较少;连作时间与病原菌数量、病情指数存在正相关关系,连作时间越长,病原菌积累越多,魔芋病情指数也越高,魔芋连作4年土壤中病原菌DNA浓度最高达到4.03×10~4ng/μL;对魔芋土壤软腐病病原菌进行全年监测,病原菌数量随着月份增长逐渐上升,在8—10月达到峰值543.20 ng/μL后下降,病原菌数量与魔芋病情指数变化规律一致,但田间魔芋软腐病的发生相对滞后。表明建立的TaqMan荧光探针实时荧光定量PCR技术可用于田间魔芋软腐病的监测。  相似文献