不同杀菌剂对向日葵菌核病的田间防治效果     

张海洋  李海燕  孟庆林  何超群  刘树清 《作物杂志》2020,36(4):202-338

为探明不同杀菌剂对向日葵菌核病的田间防治效果,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定5种杀菌剂对向日葵菌核病菌的菌丝生长和子囊孢子萌发的抑制作用,并进行田间防治试验。结果表明,20%吡噻菌胺SC对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC₅₀值为0.0302μg/mL,其次为75%拿敌稳WG和50%啶酰菌胺WG,EC₅₀值分别为0.0370和0.2152μg/mL。50%啶酰菌胺WG对菌核病菌子囊孢子的抑制作用最强,EC₅₀值为0.0563μg/mL。田间试验结果显示,50%啶酰菌胺WG对向日葵菌核病的防治效果最好,防效达到89.68%,可有效改善向日葵相关农艺性状,较对照增产34.58%。综合室内毒力试验和田间药效试验结果,50%啶酰菌胺WG对向日葵菌核病的防治效果较好,可作为田间控制病害的轮换药剂。  相似文献   

枸杞根腐病病原菌鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选     

王国琴  杜雪倩  马聪  朱滕滕  郑蕊  岳思君 《干旱地区农业研究》2023,(6):245-253

为了针对根腐病实施有效的生物防治,分离鉴定枸杞根腐病病原菌及其拮抗菌,采用组织分离法获得腐根上的病原菌,结合形态学与分子生物学特征鉴定病原菌;利用稀释涂布、滤纸片法和共培养法从健康根际土壤筛选拮抗细菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析对拮抗效果较好的菌株进行鉴定。结果表明：从枸杞根腐病分离得到腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）和尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）两种主要致病菌,从健康枸杞根际土壤中分离获得12株对两种镰刀菌具有拮抗作用的细菌,其中J7-3、J7-8、J7-9和J10-8对腐皮镰刀菌的抑菌率均在80%以上,J7-3和J10-8对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率均在70%以上。菌株J7-3和J10-8对根腐病病原菌的抑菌作用较好,分别鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）,其中J10-8的拮抗作用和溶菌效果最好,可作为研发微生物菌剂的菌种资源。  相似文献   

根瘤内生细菌对大豆胞囊线虫及根腐病菌的影响     

王媛媛  段玉玺  陈立杰 《大豆科学》2007,26(2):213-217

为了明确大豆根瘤内生芽孢杆菌Snb2对大豆胞囊线虫的毒性和大豆根腐病菌的抑制作用,用菌悬液处理和对峙培养法分别测定了Snb2对两种病原微生物的作用效果.结果表明:Snb2的菌悬液能够明显抑制大豆胞囊线虫胞囊的孵化,相对抑制率达到94.9%;菌悬液处理J2 96 h时死亡率达到66.7%;Snb2菌株对4种大豆根系病原真菌表现不同程度的拮抗作用,对尖孢镰刀菌和茄腐镰刀菌的拮抗作用最明显,抑菌圈达到10 mm左右,抑制作用可持续10 d;经细菌悬浮液浸种测定,处理后的大豆子叶节到根尖的距离为9.1±4.54 cm,较对照增加了15.19%%,对幼苗生长有明显的促进作用;通过温室盆栽防效试验,进一步表明Snb2菌悬液进行种子浸种对大豆胞囊线虫病有明显的抑制作用,防治效果达到62.5%.  相似文献   

施用根腐病生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

许艳丽  张红骥  张匀华  李春杰 《大豆科学》2007,26(2):198-203

采用田间小区试验,以木霉菌等多种生防菌结合的生防颗粒剂为材料,探讨施于大豆田后对土壤微生物的影响.调查结果显示,土壤中施入生防颗粒剂后未明显引起微生物区系变化,也没有使某些微生物明显地上升或下降.在大豆生育期间多数生防颗粒剂组合的真菌数量低于种衣剂拌种处理区;在大豆生育期间生防颗粒剂组合的放线菌数量都高于种衣剂拌种,在分枝期1号和4号生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量高于种衣剂处理区和空白对照,开花期(R1)到成熟期(R8)多数生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量也高于种衣剂处理和对照.生防颗粒剂在分枝期和开花期使土壤中木霉菌数量增加,生防颗粒剂组合、种衣剂处理区和空白对照在分枝期镰孢菌数量较低,除生防颗粒剂组合1号外葡萄孢菌数量在出苗期、结荚盛期都低于空白对照.除结荚期外,其它时期生防颗粒剂处理较空白对照区青霉菌多.  相似文献   

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Italian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains suggests the evolution of local endemic populations of the pathogen and does not correlate with race distribution     

P. Bella  C. Moretti  G. Licciardello  C. P. Strano  A. Pulvirenti  S. Alaimo  M. Zaccardelli  F. Branca  R. Buonaurio  J. G. Vicente  V. Catara 《Plant pathology》2019,68(2):278-287

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in Brassicaceae. It is widespread in Italy and severe outbreaks occur under conditions that favour disease development. In this study a multilocus sequence typing approach (MLST) based on the partial sequence of seven loci was applied to a selection of strains representative of the main areas of cultivation and hosts. The aim was to investigate whether the long tradition of brassica crops in Italy has influenced the evolution of different Xcc populations. All loci were polymorphic; 14 allelic profiles were identified of which 13 were unique to Italian strains. Based on the seven loci, the most common genotype within the Italian Xcc strains (AP1) was also the most representative genotype found in worldwide Xcc strains. This genotype was included in a new clonal complex in addition to three other clonal complexes already identified in Xcc populations. The phylogenetic reconstruction using a concatenated dataset of four conserved protein-coding genes, dnaK, fuyA, gyrB and rpoD, showed that the Italian strains belonged to two genetic groups. Physiological races were also investigated for the first time in Italy. The race structure of Xcc was determined by inoculating eight differential Brassica lines belonging to five species and showed that, in Italy, race 4 is the most widespread, followed by races 1 and 6. No correlation was found between allelic profiles, host of isolation, geographical origin and races, although a prevalent race was identified within the same clonal complex.  相似文献   

Effect of apple cultivars and storage periods on the virulence of Neofabraea spp.     

A. Di Francesco  I. Cameldi  F. Neri  L. Barbanti  A. Folchi  A. Spadoni  E. Baraldi 《Plant pathology》2019,68(8):1525-1532

Bull’s eye rot is a typical quiescent postharvest apple disease in major fruit-growing areas. The susceptibility of different apple cultivars to Neofabraea spp. (N. vagabunda and N. malicorticis) was assessed, with Granny Smith showing the most resistance and Cripps Pink the most susceptibility. To assess the factors involved in conidial germination, Neofabraea spp. were grown on crude protein extracts (CPEs) collected from apple fruits at different storage periods. Fungal germ tube growth rate and pathogenic enzyme (cellulase and xylanase) activity were assessed. Results showed that CPEs collected after 2 and 4 months of storage progressively stimulated conidial germination and germ tube elongation, while a lesser effect was observed from CPEs after 1 month of storage. Xylanase proved to be the main degrading enzyme secreted by all the isolates, while cellulase was produced only by N. vagabunda isolates. Overall, the isolate ID02 was the most virulent, based on more rapid germ tube elongation and greater activity of the lytic enzymes.  相似文献   

草莓丝核菌根腐病病原菌鉴定及7种杀菌剂的抑菌作用测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹沙亮  钟珊  刘奇志  张国珍 《植物保护》2019,45(4):132-136

为了解草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原种类及筛选防治丝核菌根腐病的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、细胞核荧光染色、菌丝融合群测定以及rDNA-ITS的序列分析,对北京和河北承德地区的草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原菌进行了鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果发现,北京地区的丝核菌为双核丝核菌(binucleate Rhizoctonia,BNR),属于融合群AG-A;河北的丝核菌为立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,属于融合群AG-4。氟啶胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、咯菌腈、氟硅唑对2种丝核菌均有很强的抑制作用,EC_(50)值为0.063 9～2.485 7μg/mL,抑霉唑的抑制作用较差,EC_(50)值为9.966 8～11.236 8μg/mL。同一种杀菌剂对不同丝核菌的抑制作用存在差异,噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、咯菌腈和抑霉唑对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用强于对双核丝核菌。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治草莓丝核菌根腐病提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

茉莉酸甲酯调控防御酶活性诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

盘柳依  赵显阳  陈明  付永琦  向妙莲  陈金印 《植物保护》2019,45(1):75-80

以‘金魁’猕猴桃果实为试验材料,研究茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)调控防御酶活性抗猕猴桃采后软腐病的效应。测定了MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病病斑直径、软腐病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea抑菌作用及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)等防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:在0.001～10 mmol/L浓度范围内,MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病菌B.dothidea的抑制作用随浓度升高而增强;MeJA对猕猴桃果实最佳诱导浓度和熏蒸时间分别为0.1 mmol/L和24 h,其诱导效果分别为26.01%和26.85%;猕猴桃果实经0.1 mmol/L MeJA熏蒸处理24 h后,SOD、POD、CAT、APX和PPO活性提高,其中SOD和POD活性分别较对照增加33.85%和61.61%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。以上结果暗示MeJA诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病可能与其提高防御酶活性有关。  相似文献   

6种梨果实对轮纹病的抗性差异及4种杀菌剂对轮纹病菌的抑菌作用     

张璐  刘奇志  张国珍 《植物保护》2019,45(4):224-228

由葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea引起的梨轮纹病是梨生产中重要的真菌性病害,主要造成树势早衰和果实腐烂,严重影响梨的产量和品质。本研究选取市售的6个品种的梨果实,用分离自梨枝干的轮纹病菌进行了离体果实接种,测定不同品种果实对梨轮纹病的抗性差异。接种后6 d,按照病斑直径从大到小的顺序,品种排序依次为‘丰水梨’>‘南果梨’>‘库尔勒香梨’>‘皇冠梨’>‘雪花梨’>‘砀山酥梨’,随病斑减小抗性依次增强。测定了4种杀菌剂对梨轮纹病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用,结果表明,咯菌腈、氟啶胺和咪鲜胺对梨轮纹病菌的菌丝生长有很强的抑制作用,EC 50分别为0.010 3、0.022 4μg/mL和0.034 3μg/mL;代森锰锌的EC 50为3.860 7μg/mL,也有较好的抑菌效果。本试验结果为了解不同梨品种对轮纹病的抗性及杀菌剂的选用提供了依据,具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

豌豆根腐病研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张丽娟  王昶  闵庚梅  杨晓明 《植物保护》2019,45(4):82-90

根腐病是豌豆根部的重要病害之一,在世界各地豌豆产区均有发生,是制约豌豆产业持续健康发展的因素之一。世界上尚未发现对根腐病完全免疫的豌豆品种,防治方法主要以农业防治和化学防治为主。本文从豌豆根腐病的发生与分布、病原菌的分类及特点、抗性鉴定及评价标准、种质资源、分子标记及防治策略等方面对国内外豌豆根腐病研究现状进行综述。并提出抗病育种和未来豌豆根腐病综合防治的研究方向。  相似文献