禽光滑念珠菌研究进展     

张双  郭禹  薛文慧  赵千惠  霍书英 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(3):1013-1019

光滑念珠菌逐渐发展成为禽念珠菌属第二大致病菌，该菌通常是口腔、食道、胃肠道的正常菌群，当机体免疫力下降时即表现出对宿主的致病性，菌株一旦进入血液便会扩散到全身，造成系统性念珠菌病。光滑念珠菌主要感染鸡和鸽，临床中以禽食欲减退、消瘦、发育迟缓、羽毛松散和精神沉郁为主要症状，剖检可见嗉囔黏膜表面形成白色假膜或白色圆形隆起溃疡，形似地毯状病变，俗称念珠菌症。光滑念珠菌侵染过程中以酵母形态存在，未见其菌丝形态，入侵时通过形成生物膜来逃避医学灭菌、消毒作用，利用黏附素家族形成的黏附素吸附入侵宿主，依靠水解蛋白酶等相关毒力因子破坏宿主细胞，从而表现出致病性。动物机体以巨噬细胞吞噬及氧化应激反应来抵抗光滑念珠菌的侵染，该菌则通过过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶两种解毒酶的表达及抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽和硫氧还蛋白的产生来解毒活性氧化物，从而在机体免疫攻击中幸存。为了应对光滑念珠菌感染造成的经济损失，长时间大规模的使用抗真菌药物导致光滑念珠菌耐药性不断增强，对一线抗真菌药物尤其是唑类药表现出高耐药性。研究者逐渐倾向于利用天然物质提取物来解决光滑念珠菌耐药性问题。现从光滑念珠菌病原学、毒力因子及致病性、流行病学、抗菌药物、检测技术等方面进行综述，以期为研制有效抗菌药物防治念珠菌病提供理论依据。  相似文献   

湖北荆州部分地区羊血吸虫病流行病学调查     

盛运熊  赵红梅 《中兽医医药杂志》2012,31(2):38-39

用血清学诊断法、顶管毛蚴孵化法、饱和食盐水漂浮虫卵法等检测湖北荆州部分地区羊血吸虫感染情况。结果显示,血清学检查阳性率为16.88%,饱和食盐水漂浮虫卵法检查阳性率为17.46%,粪便毛蚴孵化法检查阳性率为13.57%。提示在血吸虫病的老疫区,羊血吸虫病以中、轻度感染居多。  相似文献   

广东省东莞市猪乙型脑炎流行病学调查     

黄育浩  殷自兴  谢国怀  殷三鸿  张险朋 《动物医学进展》2012,33(7):126-128

为了解东莞市猪乙型脑炎的流行情况,于2009年-2011年对东莞市内猪养殖场采集猪血清4 282份,进行血清学与病原学检测。其中,应用ELISA检测方法对3 918份血清进行血清学检测,检测抗体阳性数2217份,抗体阳性率56.58%;应用实时定量RT-PCR检测方法对364份血清进行病原学检测,检测病毒阳性10份,病毒阳性检出率2.75%。结果表明,东莞市内饲养的猪存在乙型脑炎带毒的情况,免疫接种猪群的免疫效果比较理想,未免猪群存在乙型脑炎感染情况。  相似文献   

European outbreaks of atypical myopathy in grazing equids (2006-2009): spatiotemporal distribution, history and clinical features     

van Galen G  Marcillaud Pitel C  Saegerman C  Patarin F  Amory H  Baily JD  Cassart D  Gerber V  Hahn C  Harris P  Keen JA  Kirschvink N  Lefere L  McGorum B  Muller JM  Picavet MT  Piercy RJ  Roscher K  Serteyn D  Unger L  van der Kolk JH  van Loon G  Verwilghen D  Westermann CM  Votion DM 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(5):614-620

Reasons for performing study: Improved understanding of the epidemiology of atypical myopathy (AM) will help to define the environmental factors that permit or support the causal agent(s) to exert toxicity. Objectives: This European survey of AM aimed to describe spatiotemporal distribution, survival, clinical signs, circumstances in which AM develops and its different expressions between countries and over time. Methods: The spatiotemporal distribution, history and clinical features of AM cases reported to the Atypical Myopathy Alert Group from 2006 to 2009 were described. Comparisons of data from the most severely affected countries and from the large outbreaks were made with Fisher's exact and Welch's tests with Bonferroni correction. Results: Of 600 suspected cases, 354 met the diagnostic criteria for confirmed or highly probable AM. The largest outbreaks occurred during the autumns of 2006 and 2009 in Belgium, France and Germany. For the first time, donkeys, zebras and old horses were affected, and clinical signs such as gastrointestinal impaction, diarrhoea, penile prolapse, buccal ulceration and renal dysfunction were observed. Affected horses spent >6 h/day on pastures that almost always contained or were surrounded by trees. The latency period was estimated at up to 4 days. Overall survival rate was 26%. Although differences between countries in affected breeds, body condition, horse management and pasture characteristics were recognised, the common presenting clinical signs and mortality were similar between countries. Conclusions and potential relevance: This study describes new data on case details, history and clinical course of AM that is of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic value. However, the true impact of the findings of this study on the development of or severity of AM should be tested with case–control studies.  相似文献   

Spatial analysis and incidence–density relationships for downy mildew on hop     

D. H. Gent  J. L. Farnsworth  D. A. Johnson 《Plant pathology》2012,61(1):37-47

The spatial pattern of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) on hop (Humulus lupulus) was characterized over 4 years to aid in deriving an appropriate incidence–density relationship. From 472 disease assessments (datasets), discrete distributions were fitted to the datasets to determine aggregation of disease density. Where distributions were able to be fitted, the Poisson distribution fitted 4% of the datasets and the negative binomial distribution fitted 87% of the datasets. Larger‐scale patterns of disease were assessed by autocorrelation and runs analysis; both indicated aggregation of diseased plants was less common than aggregation of disease within plants. Taylor’s power law indicated disease density was aggregated and related to mean disease density in all years. Disease incidence and density were linked by saturation‐type relationships based on the zero term of the negative binomial distribution or an empirical regression. Certain individual datasets were not described well by any incidence–density model, particularly when disease density was greater than about 0·8 diseased shoots per plant with the cultivar Cascade. When applied to 56 validation datasets, 88% of the variation in observed disease incidence was explained by the incidence–density models. Under conditions where sampling would be implemented for disease management, the requisite conditions appear to be in place for a binomial sampling plan for downy mildew.  相似文献   

A new risk indicator for botrytis leaf blight of onion caused by Botrytis squamosa based on infection efficiency of airborne inoculum     

O. Carisse  A. Levasseur  H. Van der Heyden 《Plant pathology》2012,61(6):1154-1164

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小麦白粉病菌对温度不同敏感性菌株的寄生适合度研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宛琼  丁克坚  周益林  段霞瑜  邹亚飞 《植物病理学报》2012,42(2):186-194

 利用离体叶片接种法,将12个对温度不同敏感性的小麦白粉病菌株分别在18℃和22℃条件下的流行组分（潜育期、侵染几率、单病斑累积产孢量和病斑日扩展面积）和寄生适合度进行了测定。结果表明,对温度不同敏感性菌株的流行组分在18℃和22℃条件下均存在显著性差异,且单病斑累积产孢量与病斑日扩展面积的相关性最高。各供试菌株在22℃条件下的寄生适合度均低于18℃条件下的寄生适合度。在两温度条件下,对温度低敏感性菌株平均寄生适合度高于对温度高敏感性菌株,特别是在较高温度下这种趋势更为明显。  相似文献   

尼帕病毒病的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

彭丽英  吴艳花  钱忠辉  张华弟  徐平  潘饶苘 《动物医学进展》2005,26(11):11-14

尼帕病毒病是由副黏病毒科中的尼帕病毒引起的人兽共患病,它是严重危害人类与养猪业等的一种较新的重要病原。文章综述了该病主要病原学特征包括病毒的特性和功能蛋白,分析讨论了传染源、传播途径及人畜的易感性,以及人、猪、犬和猫感染后的病理变化简单描述了其致病机理、临床症状、诊断和防制措施。  相似文献   

湖北荆州地区牛血吸虫病流行病学调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵红梅  苏加义  张平英  汪明 《动物医学进展》2005,26(11):87-89

用血清学诊断法,顶管毛蚴孵化法,饱和食盐水漂浮虫卵法等检测湖北荆州地区牛血吸虫感染情况。结果显示,血清学检查阳性率为17.92%,饱和食盐水漂浮虫卵法检查阳性率为19.46%,粪便毛蚴孵化法检查阳性率为16.04%。提示,阳性牛以重、轻度感染居多,该地区是血吸虫病的老疫区,牛血吸虫病比较严重。  相似文献   

An Irish perspective on Cryptosporidium. Part 2     

Zintl A  Mulcahy G  de Waal T  de Waele V  Byrne C  Clyne M  Holden N  Fanning S 《Irish veterinary journal》2006,59(9):495-500

Cryptosporidiosis, a protozoal disease which causes significant morbidity in humans, is one of the chief causes of diarrhoea in neonatal ruminants. although the parasite poses a significant threat to public health and animal health in Ireland, its epidemiology on the island is only poorly understood. Environmental studies have shown the waterborne parasite to be widespread in some untreated waterbodies around Ireland. The island's hydrogeological situation, combined with high stocking rates of livestock and the absence of filtration from regular water treatment, render it vulnerable to large-scale outbreaks. This review discusses the parasite in the Irish context and underlines the need for a reference facility to provide active surveillance on the island.  相似文献